In 2022, house price growth in the UK slowed, after a period of decade-long increase. Nevertheless, in June 2025, prices reached a new peak, with the average home costing ******* British pounds. This figure refers to all property types, including detached, semi-detached, terraced houses, and flats and maisonettes. Compared to other European countries, the UK had some of the highest house prices. How have UK house prices increased over the last 10 years? Property prices have risen dramatically over the past decade. According to the UK house price index, the average house price has grown by over ** percent since 2015. This price development has led to the gap between the cost of buying and renting a property to close. In 2023, buying a three-bedroom house in the UK was no longer more affordable than renting one. Consequently, Brits have become more likely to rent longer and push off making a house purchase until they have saved up enough for a down payment and achieved the financial stability required to make the step. What caused the recent fluctuations in house prices? House prices are affected by multiple factors, such as mortgage rates, supply, and demand on the market. For nearly a decade, the UK experienced uninterrupted house price growth as a result of strong demand and a chronic undersupply. Homebuyers who purchased a property at the peak of the housing boom in July 2022 paid ** percent more compared to what they would have paid a year before. Additionally, 2022 saw the most dramatic increase in mortgage rates in recent history. Between December 2021 and December 2022, the **-year fixed mortgage rate doubled, adding further strain to prospective homebuyers. As a result, the market cooled, leading to a correction in pricing.

House prices in the UK rose dramatically during the coronavirus pandemic, with growth slowing down in 2022 and turning negative in 2023. The year-on-year annual house price change peaked at 14 percent in July 2022. In April 2025, house prices increased by 3.5 percent. As of late 2024, the average house price was close to 290,000 British pounds. Correction in housing prices: a European phenomenon The trend of a growing residential real estate market was not exclusive to the UK during the pandemic. Likewise, many European countries experienced falling prices in 2023. When comparing residential property RHPI (price index in real terms, e.g. corrected for inflation), countries such as Germany, France, Italy, and Spain also saw prices decline. Sweden, one of the countries with the fastest growing residential markets, saw one of the largest declines in prices. How has demand for UK housing changed since the outbreak of the coronavirus? The easing of the lockdown was followed by a dramatic increase in home sales. In November 2020, the number of mortgage approvals reached an all-time high of over 107,000. One of the reasons for the housing boom were the low mortgage rates, allowing home buyers to take out a loan with an interest rate as low as 2.5 percent. That changed as the Bank of England started to raise the base lending rate, resulting in higher borrowing costs and a decline in homebuyer sentiment.

The statistic displays a **** year forecast for house price growth in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2020 to 2024, revised with the coronavirus (covid-19) impact on the market. According to the forecast, 2020 and 2021 will likely see a slower to no increase in house prices followed by a gradual recovery between 2022 and 2024. North West, North East, Yorkshire & the Humber, and Scotland prices are forecast to bounce back quicker than other UK regions with higher **** year price increase.

Median price paid for residential property in England and Wales, for all property types by lower layer super output area. Annual data..

Median price paid for residential property in England and Wales by property type and electoral ward. Annual data.

Affordability ratios calculated by dividing house prices for existing dwellings, by gross annual residence-based earnings. Based on the median and lower quartiles of both house prices and earnings in England and Wales.

The UK housing market continued to show significant regional variations in 2025, with London maintaining its position as the most expensive city for homebuyers. The average house price in the capital stood at ******* British pounds in February, nearly double the national average. However, the market dynamics are shifting, with London experiencing only a modest *** percent annual increase, while other cities like Belfast and Liverpool saw more substantial growth of over **** percent respectively. Affordability challenges and market slowdown Despite the continued price growth in many cities, the UK housing market is facing headwinds. The affordability of mortgage repayments has become the biggest barrier to property purchases, with the majority of the respondents in a recent survey citing it as their main challenge. Moreover, a rising share of Brits have reported affordability as a challenge since 2021, reflecting the impact of rising house prices and higher mortgage rates. The market slowdown is evident in the declining housing transaction volumes, which have plummeted since 2021. European context The stark price differences are mirrored in the broader European context. While London boasts some of the highest property prices among European cities, a comparison of the average transaction price for new homes in different European countries shows a different picture. In 2023, the highest prices were found in Austria, Germany, and France.

Quarterly and annual growth tracking of changes in prime residential property prices in the United Kingdom (UK) up to March 2021 shows increases of up to *** percent in prices. When the observation period was expanded to five years, an increase of **** percent in prices of city prime properties was reported. The property type with the highest annual price growth was prime real estate in rural areas, followed by city properties. Nevertheless, compared with 2007 peak prices, rural properties still underperformed.

According to the forecast, prime property prices will continue to grow in the period between 2021 and 2025.

Data description

The House Price Index (HPI) measures inflation in the residential property market. The HPI captures price changes of all types of dwellings purchased by households (flats, detached houses, terraced houses, etc.). Only transacted dwellings are considered, self-build dwellings are excluded. The land component of the dwelling is included.

The HPI is available for all European Union Member States (except Greece), the United Kingdom (only until the third quarter of 2020), Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Turkey. In addition to the individual country series, Eurostat produces indices for the euro area and for the European Union (EU). As from the first quarter of 2020 onwards, the EU HPI aggregate no longer includes the HPI from the United Kingdom.

The national HPIs are produced by National Statistical Offices (NSIs) and the European aggregates by Eurostat, by combining the national indices. The data released quarterly on Eurostat's website include the national and European price indices, weights and their rates of change.

In order to provide a more comprehensive picture of the housing market, house sales indicators are also provided. Available house sales indicators refer to the total number and value of dwellings transactions at national level where the purchaser is a household. Eurostat publishes in its database a quarterly and annual house sales index as well as quarterly and annual rates of change.

Statistical concepts and definitions

The HPI is based on market prices of dwellings. Non-marketed prices are ruled out from the scope of this indicator. Self-build dwellings, dwellings purchased by sitting tenants at discount prices or dwellings transacted between family members are out of the scope of the indicator. It covers all monetary dwelling transactions regardless of its type (e.g., carried out through a cash purchase or financed through a mortgage loan).

The HPI measures the price developments of all dwellings purchased by households, regardless of which institutional sector they were bought from and the purpose of the purchase. As such, a dwelling bought by a household for a purpose other than owner-occupancy (e.g., for being rented out) is within the scope of the indicator. The HPI includes all purchases of new and existing dwellings, including those of dwellings transacted between households.

The number and value of house sales cover the total annual value of dwellings transactions at national level where the purchaser is a household. Transactions between households are included. Transfers in dwellings due to donations and inheritances are excluded.

The house sales value reflect the prices paid by household buyers and include both the price of land and the price of the structure of the dwelling. The prices for new dwellings include VAT. Other costs related to the acquisition of the dwelling (e.g., notary fees, registration fees, real estate agency commission, bank fees) are excluded.

Statistical unit

Each published index or rate of change refers to transacted dwellings purchased at market prices by the household sector in the corresponding geographical entity. All transacted dwellings are covered, regardless of which institutional sector they were bought from and of the purchase purpose.

more: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hpi_inx_esms.htm

The monthly house price index in London has increased since 2015, albeit with fluctuation. In August 2025, the index reached 99.1, which is a slight decrease from the same month in 2024. Nevertheless, prices widely varied in different London boroughs, with Kensington and Chelsea being the priciest boroughs for an apartment purchase.

This is the median house price for residential property sales (all dwellings sold and registered) in a given period of four consecutive quarters, in the area. They are calculated using open data from the HM Land Registry (LR), a source of comprehensive record-level administrative data on property transactions.

They are updated twice a year, in spring and autumn. The LR Price Paid data are comprehensive in that they capture changes of ownership for individual residential properties which have sold for full market value and cover both cash sales and those involving a mortgage.

The median is the value determined by putting all the house sales for a given year, area and type in order of price and then selecting the price of the house sale which falls in the middle.

Note that a transaction occurs when a change of freeholder or leaseholder takes place regardless of the amount of money involved, and a property can transact more than once in the time period. The LR records the actual price for which the property changed hands. This will usually be an accurate reflection of the market value for the individual property, but it is not always the case.

In order to generate statistics that more accurately reflect market values, the LR has excluded records of houses that were not sold at market value from the dataset. The remaining data are considered a good reflection of market values at the time of the transaction.

The LR Price Paid data are not adjusted to reflect the mix of houses in a given area. Fluctuations in the types of house that are sold in that area can cause differences between the median transactional value of houses and the overall market value of houses.

Therefore these statistics differ from the new UK House Price Index (HPI) which reports mix-adjusted average house prices and house price indices.

If, for a given year, house type and area there were fewer than 5 sales records in the LR Price Paid data, the house price statistics are not reported.

Data is Powered by LG Inform Plus and automatically checked for new data on the 4th of each month and shows MSOAs (Middle Layer Super Output Areas) at the 2021 Census Geography.

Affordability ratios calculated by dividing house prices by gross annual workplace-based earnings. Based on the median and lower quartiles of both house prices and earnings in England and Wales.

Prime London flats in Outer and Central London, have reduced in prices in the period between March 2020 and 2021 and so have the Central London prime houses. Outer London prime houses, regional and coastal prime properties, on the other hand, saw prices grow in the same period. The highest increase in prices was recorded among prime country houses over *** million British pounds. According to the forecast, prime property prices both in Central and in Outer London are expected to increase in the next **** year.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of house sales in the UK spiked, followed by a period of decline. In 2023 and 2024, the housing market slowed notably, and in January 2025, transaction volumes fell to 46,774. House sales volumes are impacted by a number of factors, including mortgage rates, house prices, supply, demand, as well as the overall health of the market. The economic uncertainty and rising unemployment rates has also affected the homebuyer sentiment of Brits. How have UK house prices developed over the past 10 years? House prices in the UK have increased year-on-year since 2015, except for a brief period of decline in the second half of 2023 and the beginning of 2024. That is based on the 12-month percentage change of the UK house price index. At the peak of the housing boom in 2022, prices soared by nearly 14 percent. The decline that followed was mild, at under three percent. The cooling in the market was more pronounced in England and Wales, where the average house price declined in 2023. Conversely, growth in Scotland and Northern Ireland continued. What is the impact of mortgage rates on house sales? For a long period, mortgage rates were at record-low, allowing prospective homebuyers to take out a 10-year loan at a mortgage rate of less than three percent. In the last quarter of 2021, this period came to an end as the Bank of England rose the bank lending rate to contain the spike in inflation. Naturally, the higher borrowing costs affected consumer sentiment, urging many homebuyers to place their plans on hold and leading to a decline in sales.

After a very slow second quarter of 2020 due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the housing market in the United Kingdom (UK) experienced dramatic surge in home sales. In the first quarter of 2021, the residential property supply varied between *** and *** months of available stock for sale in different regions of the UK, and *** months in Inner London. Considering the limited supply and the spike in demand, house prices have been on an upward trend.

This repository is the fourth updated version of the attribute-linked residential property price dataset in the UK Data Service ReShare (854240) (https://reshare.ukdataservice.ac.uk/854240/). This dataset contains individual property transactions and associated variables from both Land Registry Price Paid Dataset (LR PPD) and the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities (DLUHC, formerly MHCLG) Domestic Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) data. It is a linked dataset produced by address matching between LR PPD data (1/1/1995–31/10/2024) and Domestic EPC data (up to 31/10/2024). It is the full version of the 2024 update of the dataset published in the Greater London Authority (GLA) London Datastore (https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/house-price-per-square-metre-in-england-and-wales).

The linked dataset (tranall_link_26122024) provided here is the initial, uncleaned version, intended to offer maximum flexibility for users to clean the data according to their research purposes. This linked dataset records over 22 million transactions with 106 variables across England and Wales, covering the period from 01/01/1995 to 31/10/2024. We have provided technical validation and data cleaning code in UKDA ReShare 854240 to help users evaluate the data structure and perform their own cleaning. There is no single way to clean this raw linked dataset, so we encourage users to develop their own cleaning process based on their research needs. This repository also includes the original Land Registry Price Paid Data (LR PPD) and Domestic EPCs used to create the linked dataset (house price per square metre dataset). Unlike previous versions, this updated dataset no longer includes the id variable (created by the authors). Instead, for the first time, both the Domestic EPCs and the linked dataset retain the LMK_KEY variable, which originates from the Domestic EPCs dataset. This change was made because LMK_KEY serves as a unique identifier, with no duplicate records since 2024. Five address-related variables from the original Domestic EPCs dataset(ADDRESS1, ADDRESS2, ADDRESS3, POSTCODE, and ADDRESS) have been removed from the EPC data in this repository. The priceper and classt variables were created by the authors and can be found in the linked dataset (tranall_link_26122024.zip). A detailed explanation of these fields is available on the GLA London Datastore (https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/house-price-per-square-metre-in-england-and-wales). The lad23cd field originates from the NSPL dataset. Since November 2021, DLUHC has published Domestic EPCs with the Unique Property Reference Number (UPRN). As a result, both the EPC and the full linked dataset in this repository include UPRN information from the Domestic EPCs