Between 2012 and 2023, the number of bank branches in the UK experienced a significant decline, falling from 11,355 to approximately 5,100. This reduction was especially pronounced among the UK's largest banks - HSBC, Lloyds, Barclays, and NatWest - each of which closed over 1,000 branches between 2017 and 2024.

Over the five years through 2025-26, UK banks' revenue is expected to climb at a compound annual rate of 4.8% to £136 billion, including an anticipated hike of 3.6% in 2025-26. After the financial crisis in 2007-08, low interest rates limited banks' interest in loans, hitting income. At the same time, a stricter regulatory environment, including increased capital requirements introduced under the Basel III banking reforms and ring-fencing regulations, constricted lending activity. To protect their profitability, banks like Lloyds have shut the doors of many branches and made substantial job cuts. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, the Bank of England adopted aggressive tightening of monetary policy, hiking interest rates to rein in spiralling inflation. The higher base rate environment lifted borrowing costs, driving interest income for banks, which reported skyrocketing profits in 2023-24. Although profit grew markedly, pressure to pass on higher rates to savers and fierce competition weighed on revenue growth at the tail end of the year. However, the prospect of rate cuts in 2024-25 saw many banks lower their savings rates, aiding revenue growth. In 2025-26, although further interest rate cuts are on the horizon, revenue is set to grow, due to lower borrowing costs driving activity in the housing market. Banks have also reduced their exposure to interest rate cuts through structural hedges, which lock in rates when they fluctuate. The FCA’s investigation into motor commissions has been a cause for concern over recent years, with banks like Lloyds and Santander ramping up provisions over 2024-25 in preparation for large payouts, if the Supreme Court deems banks were carrying out illegal activities. Over the five years through 2030-31, industry revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 4% to reach £165.8 billion. Regulatory restrictions, tougher stress tests and stringent lending criteria will also hamper revenue growth. Competition is set to remain fierce – both internally from lenders that deliver their services exclusively via digital channels and externally from alternative finance providers, like peer-to-peer lending platforms. The possibility of legislation like the Edinburgh reforms will drive investment and lending activity in the coming years, if introduced. However, concerns surrounding the repercussions of less stringent capital requirements and the already fragile nature of the UK financial system pose doubt as to whether any significant changes will be made.

The savings rate of households in the United Kingdom (UK) fell slightly in the third quarter of 2024. That came after a period of rising household savings that peaked in the second quarter of 2024, when they amounted to 10.3 percent of their desposable income.

The share of female employees in the total workforce of the largest banks in the United Kingdom (UK) was, on average, 52.47 percent in 2023. The most gender-diverse bank among the largest banks in the UK was Nationwide Building Society, where 60.7 percent of the employees were women. It was followed by Virgin Money UK, and The Co-operative Bank. Overall, the gender diversity in the total workforce was higher among the smaller banks. Four out of the five largest banks - HSBC Holdings, Barclays, NatWest Group, and Standard Chartered - did not rank among the five most gender-diverse banks.

Market Size statistics on the Banks industry in the UK

The total assets of the banking industry in the United Kingdom grew significantly between 2022 and 2023, despite some fluctuations in recent years. In 2023, the total assets held at banks amounted to roughly ***** trillion U.S. dollars, which was a slight decrease compared to the previous year. HSBC held the highest value of assets, followed by Barclays and Lloyds Banking Group.

Retail Banking Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global retail banking market size reached USD 2.89 trillion in 2024, reflecting the sectorÂ’s robust expansion as digital transformation and evolving consumer preferences continue to reshape the financial services landscape. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 4.7% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated USD 4.36 trillion by 2033. This impressive growth trajectory is driven by a combination of technological innovation, increased digital adoption, and the expanding financial inclusion initiatives across both developed and emerging economies.

One of the primary growth factors fueling the retail banking market is the accelerated pace of digitalization. Financial institutions worldwide are investing heavily in digital platforms, mobile applications, and omnichannel experiences to meet the changing expectations of tech-savvy consumers. The proliferation of smartphones and high-speed internet access has empowered customers to manage their finances remotely, making banking services more accessible and convenient. As a result, banks are prioritizing seamless online and mobile banking experiences, which not only enhance customer satisfaction but also reduce operational costs. This shift towards digital banking is expected to remain a critical driver for the retail banking market over the next decade.

Another significant factor contributing to the marketÂ’s growth is the increasing emphasis on financial inclusion, particularly in emerging markets. Governments and regulatory bodies are collaborating with financial institutions to extend banking services to unbanked and underbanked populations. Innovative products such as microloans, digital wallets, and simplified savings accounts are being introduced to cater to these segments, thereby expanding the customer base for retail banks. Additionally, the adoption of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics is enabling banks to offer personalized financial solutions, improve risk assessment, and streamline operations, further propelling market expansion.

The competitive landscape in the retail banking market is also being reshaped by the entry of non-traditional players, including fintech firms and digital-only banks. These challengers are leveraging cutting-edge technology and agile business models to deliver innovative banking solutions, often at lower costs than traditional banks. This heightened competition is compelling established banks to accelerate their digital transformation initiatives and forge strategic partnerships to maintain their market share. Furthermore, evolving regulatory frameworks and open banking initiatives are fostering collaboration and innovation within the sector, creating new opportunities for growth and differentiation.

In the evolving landscape of retail banking, Hyper-Personalization in Banking is becoming a pivotal strategy for financial institutions aiming to enhance customer engagement and satisfaction. By leveraging big data, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, banks can gain deeper insights into individual customer behaviors and preferences. This allows them to tailor products, services, and communication to meet the unique needs of each customer. As consumers increasingly demand personalized experiences akin to those offered by tech giants, banks are investing in technologies that enable real-time data analysis and customer interaction. This shift not only improves customer loyalty but also opens new revenue streams by offering targeted financial solutions that resonate with customers on a personal level.

From a regional perspective, the Asia Pacific region continues to dominate the retail banking market, both in terms of market size and growth potential. Rapid urbanization, rising disposable incomes, and a burgeoning middle class are driving demand for retail banking services across countries such as China, India, and Southeast Asian nations. North America and Europe remain mature markets with high penetration rates, but ongoing digital transformation and the adoption of advanced banking technologies are sustaining steady growth. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are witnessing increased investments in banking infrastructure and digital platforms, paving the way for future m

The report covers Banking as a Service Companies in UK and the market is segmented by Component (Platform and Service (Professional Service and Managed Service)), by Type (API based BaaS and Cloud-based BaaS), by Enterprise Size (Large enterprise and Small & Medium enterprise), and by End-user (Banks, NBFC/Fintech Corporations and Others).

The UK retail banking market, valued at approximately £68.77 billion in 2025, is projected to experience steady growth, driven by a combination of factors. Technological advancements, particularly in online and mobile banking, are significantly shaping customer preferences and driving market expansion. The increasing adoption of digital banking platforms, offering convenience and accessibility, is a key driver. Furthermore, the growing demand for personalized financial services and wealth management solutions among both individuals and businesses fuels market growth. Competition among established players like HSBC Holdings, Barclays PLC, and Lloyds Banking Group, along with the emergence of fintech companies, is fostering innovation and efficiency. Regulatory changes impacting lending practices and financial security also influence market dynamics. However, economic uncertainties and fluctuating interest rates pose potential challenges. The market is segmented by banking type (traditional, online, personal, business, wealth management), end-user (individuals, small businesses, corporates, high-net-worth individuals), and distribution channel (branches, online platforms, mobile apps). The shift toward digital channels presents opportunities for banks to enhance customer experience and optimize operational costs. While precise regional breakdowns within the UK are not provided, it is reasonable to expect that London and other major urban centers contribute significantly to the market size. Growth across regions will likely mirror national trends, influenced by factors such as regional economic performance, digital infrastructure availability, and the distribution of different customer segments. The projected CAGR of 3.45% indicates a consistent, albeit moderate, expansion over the forecast period (2025-2033). This moderate growth reflects the mature nature of the UK retail banking market and the potential for saturation in some segments. Nevertheless, continuous innovation and adaptation to evolving customer needs are expected to sustain the market's growth trajectory. Recent developments include: August 2024: Lloyds Bank launched a USD 137 cash offer for students opening current accounts. To qualify, students must deposit at least USD 622 between August 1 and October 31, 2024. Student account holders will also receive a 20% discount on selected Student Union events and can earn 2% interest on balances up to USD 6,219.September 2023: HSBC pioneered a partnership with Nova Credit, making it the first UK bank to allow newcomers to access their credit history from abroad. This initiative aims to facilitate smoother financial integration for individuals relocating to the United Kingdom.. Key drivers for this market are: The Shift Toward Digital Banking, with Customers Increasingly Using Online and Mobile Banking Services. Potential restraints include: The Shift Toward Digital Banking, with Customers Increasingly Using Online and Mobile Banking Services. Notable trends are: Deposit Trends and Digital Transformation Driving Traditional Banking.

In size, it was USD 2,107.9 million in 2025 and would reach USD 9,960.9 million in 2035, growing at a high CAGR of 16.8% over that period.

Metric	Value
Industry Size (2025E)	USD 2,107.9 Million
Industry Value (2035F)	USD 9,960.9 Million
CAGR (2025 to 2035)	16.8%

Sub Region Wise outlook

Sub Region	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
Greater London	17.4%

Sub Region	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
Scotland	16.5%

Sub Region	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
Wales	16.2%

Sub Region	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
Yorkshire and the Humber	16.6%

Competitive Outlook

Company Name	Estimated Market Share (%)
ClearBank Ltd.	18 - 22%
Railsr	14 - 18%
11:FS Foundry	10 - 14%
Thought Machine	8 - 12%
Other Players	34 - 40%

The return on equity (ROE) of the banking sector in the United Kingdom (UK) fluctuated notably in the period between 2012 and 2021. The lowest ROE was measured in 2012 at negative *** percent. During the observed period, the highest ROE was reported in 2021, at roughly ***** percent.

In UK Retail Banking Market is projected to grow from USD 1.32 trillion in 2025 to USD 1.95 trillion by 2031, at a CAGR of 6.8%

The UK consumer banking market, encompassing a broad range of services from personal loans and mortgages to savings accounts and credit cards, is a dynamic and competitive landscape. While precise figures for market size and CAGR are absent, a reasonable estimate based on industry reports and similar developed economies suggests a 2025 market value exceeding £500 billion. The market's growth is propelled by several key drivers. Rising disposable incomes and a growing population fuel demand for financial products. Technological advancements, such as open banking and fintech innovations, are reshaping customer expectations and driving efficiency within the industry, leading to the adoption of digital banking and personalized financial management tools. Furthermore, changing regulatory landscapes, focusing on increased consumer protection and financial inclusion, are influencing market dynamics. However, the market faces certain headwinds. Intense competition among established players and emerging fintech companies keeps profit margins under pressure. Economic uncertainty, particularly fluctuating interest rates and potential recessionary periods, can significantly impact consumer spending and borrowing behavior, affecting the overall market growth. Stringent regulatory compliance and cybersecurity threats pose additional challenges for banks. Despite these constraints, the long-term outlook for the UK consumer banking market remains positive, driven by the sustained need for financial services, technological innovation, and evolving consumer preferences. Segmentation within the market, based on product type, customer demographics, and geographical location, presents opportunities for targeted growth and market penetration. The listed banks, including established players like Allied Irish Bank (UK) and newer entrants like Metro Bank, are constantly adapting their strategies to navigate this dynamic environment.

Companies in the Investment Banking industry provide financial advisory services, offering their insight on IPOs, M&As and equity and debt security underwriting activity. Competition has been fierce in recent years, with a flood of boutique firms entering the industry as bankers look for healthier rewards than those offered by the more regulated larger investment banks. Growing M&A and IPO activity before 2022-23 ramped up demand for investment banking services, although this momentum lost speed in 2022-23 as access to cheap capital ended. Revenue is expected to contract at a compound annual rate of 8.1% over the five years through 2025-26 to £8 billion, including an expected drop of 0.5% in 2025-26. Profit is also expected to edge downwards in 2025, though it remains high. Capital market activity surged at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, lifting demand for investment banking services as governments and large international businesses across the world raised capital to fund fiscal stimuli and maintain cash flow levels. The boom in debt and equity markets showed no sign of slowing the next year, with IPO and M&A activity reaching record levels in 2021-22, driving demand for investment bankers’ services. However, in the two years through 2023-24, M&A activity plummeted thanks to rising interest rates, mounting geopolitical tensions and a gloomy economic outlook, which put companies off from seeking takeovers. In 2024-25, M&A activity fared better than IPOs, welcoming improvements in consumer confidence amid interest rate cuts, aiding revenue growth. However, IPOs continued on their downward trajectory as geopolitical uncertainty and high interest rates resulted in many companies delaying listings. Over 2025-26, M&A activity is forecast to continue to climb, but IPO activity may stall as Trump's tariff announcements erode investor sentiment, weighing on revenue growth. Revenue is anticipated to grow at a compound annual rate of 4.5% over the five years through 2030-31 to £10 billion. Deal activity is set to build as lower interest rates make leveraged transactions more attractive. Competition will remain fierce, driving technological innovation as investment banks try to improve decision-making processes and scale operations through the use of AI. Still, strong competition from overseas exchanges, like the S&P 500 in the US, will dent UK IPO activity in the coming years as companies move away from UK listings and the lacklustre valuations they offer, weighing on revenue growth.

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Community Banking Market Size 2025-2029

The community banking market size is forecast to increase by USD 253 billion at a CAGR of 5.8% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant shifts driven by the increasing adoption of microlending in developing nations and the rising preference for digital platforms. The microlending, a segment of community banking, is gaining traction in developing economies due to its ability to provide small loans to individuals and small businesses who lack access to traditional banking services. This trend is expected to continue, fueled by the growing financial inclusion efforts and increasing economic activity in these regions. Simultaneously, the community banking sector is witnessing a surge in the adoption of digital platforms.
The digital community banking services, such as mobile banking and online lending, are becoming increasingly popular due to their convenience and accessibility. This trend is particularly noticeable among younger demographics, who are more likely to use digital channels for banking. However, the market also faces challenges. One of the most significant obstacles is the lack of awareness about community banking services. Many potential customers, particularly in rural and underserved areas, are unaware of the benefits and availability of community banking services. Addressing this challenge will require targeted marketing efforts and community outreach programs.

What will be the Size of the Community Banking Market during the forecast period?

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The market continues to evolve, with advanced technology playing a pivotal role in shaping the landscape. Financial institutions, both large and small, are integrating microfinance, mobile banking, and remote deposit capture to cater to diverse customer needs. In the micropolitan areas, community banks have gained prominence, offering personalized services to rural and agricultural sectors. The economic recession led to a surge in digital adoption, with mobile banking becoming increasingly popular. However, the competition remains fierce, with big banks also investing heavily in technology to retain their customer base. The ongoing market dynamics underscore the need for continuous innovation and adaptation to stay competitive.
Community banks, with their focus on local markets and relationships, are well-positioned to leverage these trends and offer competitive rates and fees to attract and retain customers. The integration of advanced technology enables seamless transactions and enhanced customer experience, further bolstering their position in the market. The future of community banking lies in its ability to balance tradition and innovation, offering personalized services while embracing digital transformation.

How is this Community Banking Industry segmented?

The community banking industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Area

  Metropolitan
  Rural and micropolitan


Sector

  Small business
  CRE
  Agriculture


Service Type

  Retail banking
  Commercial banking
  Wealth management and financial advisory
  Others


Delivery Model

  Branch Banking
  Online Banking
  Mobile Banking


Institution Type

  Credit Unions
  Local Banks


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada
    Mexico


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    Australia
    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Area Insights

The metropolitan segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

In the dynamic world of financial services, community banks in the US continue to gain traction among consumers, particularly in rural and micropolitan areas where Big Banks may have a limited presence. While Big Banks dominate the market with their vast resources and broad reach, Community FIs cater to the unique needs of their local clientele. With the rise of advanced technology, Community banks have embraced digital banking solutions, including Internet banking, mobile banking, and remote deposit capture. Small businesses and agricultural sectors, integral to rural economies, benefit significantly from Community banks' personalized services and expertise. Despite the economic recession, these institutions have managed to maintain deposits through their strong relationships with customers.

Microlending, a niche offering, further distinguishes Community banks from their larger counterparts. Rates and fees remain crucial factors for customers, especially in a competitive market. Community banks often offer more competitive rates and lower fees compared to Big Banks, making t

The UK Islamic Finance Market is Segmented by the Financial Sector (Islamic Banking, Islamic Insurance 'Takaful, ' Islamic Bonds 'Sukuk, ' Other Islamic Financial Institutions (OIFLs), and Islamic Funds). The Report Offers the Value (USD) for the Above Segments.

Bank concentration (%) in United Kingdom was reported at 42.91 % in 2021, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United Kingdom - Bank concentration - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

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Open Banking Market Size 2024-2028

The open banking market size is forecast to increase by USD 57.66 billion at a CAGR of 27.2% between 2023 and 2028. The market is witnessing significant growth due to the increasing demand for advanced Financial Management Tools that offer real-time access to Financial Data from multiple Financial Institutions. Open Banking Solutions, which utilize Open Banking APIs, enable automated savings, real-time transactions, and enhanced security features. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into these services further streamlines financial management and enhances personalized customer experiences. However, the handling of sensitive personal financial data necessitates strict adherence to guidelines and regulations to ensure data security and privacy. Key market trends include the growing preference for faster and more seamless payment processing, increased focus on data security, and the potential for increased competition among Financial Institutions as they adapt to the Open Banking landscape.

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Open banking, a financial services model that enables third-party providers to access customers' financial data through APIs, is revolutionizing the payment ecosystem. This innovative approach allows for more customer-centric services, personalized financial offerings, and informed financial decisions. Broadband connectivity plays a crucial role in the open banking landscape, ensuring seamless access to real-time data for machine learning algorithms and AI applications. These technologies are integral to the open banking model, as they enable advanced data analytics and the development of innovative financial services. Security is a top priority in the market. Financial institutions are investing heavily in advanced security measures to protect sensitive customer data from online fraud. AI and machine learning algorithms are being employed to detect and prevent fraudulent activities in real-time. E-commerce and open banking are natural partners, with the former benefiting from the real-time financial data access provided by the latter.

Further, open banking APIs are the backbone of this new financial services model, allowing for seamless integration between financial institutions and third-party service providers. These APIs enable the sharing of financial data in a secure and standardized manner, facilitating the development of innovative financial services. Personalized financial services are a key benefit of open banking. By leveraging big data analytics and AI, financial institutions can offer customized offerings tailored to individual customers' financial needs and preferences. In conclusion, open banking is transforming the payment ecosystem by enabling real-time data access, advanced data analytics, and the development of innovative financial services. With a focus on security and customer-centricity, this model is poised to disrupt traditional financial services and reshape the industry landscape.

Market Segmentation

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD Billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Service

  Banking and capital markets
  Payments
  Digital currencies


Deployment

  On premise
  Cloud


Geography

  North America

    Canada
    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK


  APAC

    China


  South America



  Middle East and Africa

By Service Insights

The banking and capital markets segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The market is revolutionizing the banking and financial services sector in the global payment ecosystem. Through strategic collaborations and innovative service offerings, Open Banking is enhancing payment processes, expanding investment accessibility, and promoting financial inclusion. In June 2024, Euronet, a leading financial technology and payments provider, partnered with Fintech Galaxy to introduce a new Banking as a Service (BaaS) offering. This collaboration aims to deliver faster, more secure, and cost-effective account-based transactions for banks, fintechs, and merchants. Key features of this service include card as a service, real-time payment processing, and advanced fraud detection. By integrating with consumer bank accounts, this solution reduces transaction costs and promotes financial inclusion, while also driving the adoption of digital transactions in the European region.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in Open Banking is further fueling the growth of the market. Big data analytics is enabling financial institutions to gain valuable insights into customer behavior and preferences, leading to personalized services and improved customer experience. The use of Open Banking is

Banking as a Service in UK Market size was valued at USD 2.48 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 4.60 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 8 % from 2025 to 2032.

Key Market Drivers Growing Digital Banking Adoption: The UK has experienced a significant shift towards digital banking solutions, providing a strong foundation for the growth of Banking-as-a-Service (BaaS) providers. This transformation has been driven by an increasing preference for convenience and efficiency in banking. As of 2022, 93% of UK adults were using online banking, reflecting the widespread adoption of digital financial services. Mobile banking, in particular, has seen substantial growth, with users increasing by 40% between 2019 and 2022. The COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated this shift, resulting in a 62% rise in digital banking transactions during this period, emphasizing the shift towards digital financial solutions. Regulatory Support and Open Banking Initiatives: The UK's progressive regulatory environment, particularly through the FCA's support of fintech innovation and open banking mandates, has created a robust framework for BaaS growth. The Open Banking Implementation Entity (OBIE) reported that as of December 2023, over 7 million UK consumers and businesses actively used open banking-enabled products, representing a 131% year-over-year growth. The number of API calls has grown from 66.8 million in 2018 to over 1 billion monthly calls in 2023. Rise in Embedded Finance Partnerships: Traditional banks and non-financial companies are increasingly partnering with Banking-as-a-Service (BaaS) providers to integrate financial services into their platforms, driven by the demand for seamless, embedded solutions. A Finastra survey found that 85% of UK financial institutions planned to adopt BaaS by 2023, reflecting the shift to digital-first banking. The UK embedded finance market, valued at approximately USD14 billion in 2021, is expected to grow by 215% by 2026, reaching USD 66 billion.