The Consumer Confidence Index (CCI) of the United Kingdom was 99.36 in December 2024, compared with 99.12 in the previous month. Consumer confidence in the UK fell sharply from Summer 2021 onwards but has recovered since September 2022.

This dataset provides daily-mean sea surface temperatures (SST), presented on global 0.05° latitude-longitude grid, spanning 1980 to present. This is a Level 4 product, with gaps between available daily observations filled by statistical means.

The SST CCI Analysis product contains estimates of daily mean SST and sea ice concentration. Each SST value has an associated uncertainty estimate.

The dataset has been produced as part of the version 3 Climate Data Record (CDR) produced by the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative Sea Surface Temperature project (ESA SST_cci). The CDR accurately maps the surface temperature of the global oceans over the period 1980 to 2021 using observations from many satellites, with a high degree of independence from in situ measurements. The data provide independently quantified SSTs to a quality suitable for climate research.

Data from 2022 onwards are provided as an Interim Climate Data Record (ICDR) and will be updated daily at one month behind present. The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) funded the development of the ICDR extension and production of the ICDR during 2022. From 2023 onwards the production of the ICDR is funded by the UK Earth Observation Climate Information Service (EOCIS) and Marine and Climate Advisory Service (MCAS).

This CDR Version 3.0 product supersedes the CDR v2.1 product. Compared to the previous version the major changes are:

• Longer time series: 1980 to 2021 (previous CDR was Sept 1981 to 2016)

• Improved retrieval to reduce systematic biases using bias-aware optimal methods (for single view sensors)

• Improved retrieval with respect to desert-dust aerosols

• Addition of dual-view SLSTR data from 2016 onwards

• Addition of early AVHRR/1 data in 1980s, and improved AVHRR processing to reduce data gaps in 1980s

• Use of full-resolution MetOp AVHRR data (previously used ‘global area coverage’ Level 1 data)

• Inclusion of L2P passive microwave AMSR data

Data are made freely and openly available under a Creative Commons License by Attribution (CC By 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

When citing this dataset please also cite the associated data paper:

Embury, O., Merchant, C.J., Good, S.A., Rayner, N.A., Høyer, J.L., Atkinson, C., Block, T., Alerskans, E., Pearson, K.J., Worsfold, M., McCarroll, N., Donlon, C. Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1980 for climate applications. Scientific Data 11, 326 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03147-w

This statistic displays the Consumer Confidence Index (CCI) of the United Kingdom (UK) from October 2015 to September 2017. This period experienced a net decrease in consumer confidence in the UK to an index score of -3.7 in September 2017.

As part of the ESA Land Cover Climate Change Initiative (CCI) project a set of Global Land Cover Maps have been produced. These are available at 300m spatial resolution for three epochs centred on the year 2010 (2008-2012), 2005 (2003-2007) and 2000 (1998-2002), where each epoch covers a 5-year period.

Each pixel value corresponds to the label of a land cover class defined using UN-LCCS classifiers. For each epoch, the land cover map is delivered along with 4 quality flags which document the reliability of the classification. These are described further in the Product User Guides.

Further Land Cover CCI products, user tools and a product viewer are available at: http://maps.elie.ucl.ac.be/CCI/viewer/index.php

The ESA Fire Climate Change Initiative (CCI) dataset consists of maps of global burned areas for years 2005 to 2011, developed from satellite observations. The products are distributed as 6 continental tiles and are based upon spectral information from the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS), on board the ESA ENVISAT satellite and thermal information from the MODIS active fires product. The Pixel product includes maps at 0.00277778-degree (approx. 300m) resolution. Burned area (BA) information is included in 3 layers: date of BA detection, the confidence level (a probability value estimating the confidence that a pixel is actually burned), and the land cover information as defined in the Land Cover CCI v1.6.1 product. Files are in GeoTIFF format using a geographic coordinate system based on the World Geodetic System (WGS84) reference ellipsoid and using Plate Carrée projection with geographical coordinates of equal pixel size. For further information on the product and its format see the Fire_cci Product User Guide in the linked documentation.

The Soil Moisture CCI ACTIVE dataset is one of the three datasets created as part of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Soil Moisture Essential Climate Variable (ECV) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) project. The ACTIVE product has been created by fusing scatterometer soil moisture products, derived from the active remote sensing instruments AMI-WS and ASCAT. PASSIVE and COMBINED products have also been created.

The v09.1 ACTIVE product, provided as global daily images in NetCDF-4 classic file format, presents a global coverage of surface soil moisture at a spatial resolution of 0.25 degrees. It is provided in percent of saturation [%] and covers the period (yyyy-mm-dd) 1991-08-05 to 2023-12-31. For information regarding the theoretical and algorithmic base of the product, please see the Algorithm Theoretical Baseline Document. Additional reference documents and information relating to the dataset can also be found on the CCI Soil Moisture project website.

The data set should be cited using the following references:

1. Gruber, A., Scanlon, T., van der Schalie, R., Wagner, W., and Dorigo, W. (2019). Evolution of the ESA CCI Soil Moisture climate data records and their underlying merging methodology, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 717–739, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-717-2019

2. Dorigo, W.A., Wagner, W., Albergel, C., Albrecht, F., Balsamo, G., Brocca, L., Chung, D., Ertl, M., Forkel, M., Gruber, A., Haas, E., Hamer, D. P. Hirschi, M., Ikonen, J., De Jeu, R. Kidd, R. Lahoz, W., Liu, Y.Y., Miralles, D., Lecomte, P. (2017). ESA CCI Soil Moisture for improved Earth system understanding: State-of-the art and future directions. In Remote Sensing of Environment, 2017, ISSN 0034-4257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.07.001

3. Preimesberger, W., Scanlon, T., Su, C. -H., Gruber, A. and Dorigo, W., "Homogenization of Structural Breaks in the Global ESA CCI Soil Moisture Multisatellite Climate Data Record," in IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 2845-2862, April 2021, doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2020.3012896.

EU UK: CCI: sa: NACE 2: Evolution of Your Current Overall Order Books data was reported at -14.400 % Point in Jul 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of -11.900 % Point for Jun 2018. EU UK: CCI: sa: NACE 2: Evolution of Your Current Overall Order Books data is updated monthly, averaging -22.100 % Point from Jan 1985 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 403 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 36.000 % Point in Jun 1989 and a record low of -86.600 % Point in Jun 1991. EU UK: CCI: sa: NACE 2: Evolution of Your Current Overall Order Books data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by European Commission's Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.DG ECFIN: Construction Confidence Indicator: Seasonally Adjusted.

EU UK: CCI: sa: NACE 2: Building Activity Development Over Past 3 Mo data was reported at 2.300 % Point in Jul 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of -2.600 % Point for Jun 2018. EU UK: CCI: sa: NACE 2: Building Activity Development Over Past 3 Mo data is updated monthly, averaging -0.400 % Point from Jan 1985 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 403 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 55.900 % Point in Mar 1988 and a record low of -68.200 % Point in Jun 1991. EU UK: CCI: sa: NACE 2: Building Activity Development Over Past 3 Mo data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by European Commission's Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.DG ECFIN: Construction Confidence Indicator: Seasonally Adjusted.

This dataset contains Level 3 nadir profile ozone data from the ESA Ozone Climate Change Initiative (CCI) project. The Level 3 data are monthly averages on a regular 3D grid derived from level 2 ozone profiles. In this version 2 of the dataset, data are available for 1997 and 2007 and 2008 only, and use data from the GOME instrument on ERS (1997) and the GOME-2 instrument on METOP-A (2007, 2008).

The ESA Sea Surface Temperature Climate Change Initiative (ESA SST CCI) dataset accurately maps the surface temperature of the global oceans over the period 1991 to 2010, using observations from many satellites. The data provides an independently quantified SST to a quality suitable for climate research. The ESA SST CCI Analysis Long Term Product consists of daily, spatially complete fields of sea surface temperature (SST), obtained by combining the orbit data from the AVHRR and ATSR ESA SST CCI Long Term Products, using optimal interpolation to provide SSTs where there were no measurements. These data cover the period between 09/1991 and 12/2010. This dataset is cited in: Merchant, C. J., Embury, O., Roberts-Jones, J., Fiedler, E., Bulgin, C. E., Corlett, G. K., Good, S., McLaren, A., Rayner, N., Morak-Bozzo, S. and Donlon, C. (2014), Sea surface temperature datasets for climate applications from Phase 1 of the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (SST CCI). Geoscience Data Journal. doi: 10.1002/gdj3.20 Please note that this dataset has now been superseded by the version 1.1 product, available from http://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/c65ce27928f34ebd92224c451c2a8bed

EU UK: Construction Confidence Indicator (CCI): sa: NACE 2 data was reported at -1.900 % Point in Jul 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.500 % Point for Jun 2018. EU UK: Construction Confidence Indicator (CCI): sa: NACE 2 data is updated monthly, averaging -9.700 % Point from Jan 1985 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 403 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 43.100 % Point in Mar 1989 and a record low of -79.300 % Point in Jun 1991. EU UK: Construction Confidence Indicator (CCI): sa: NACE 2 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by European Commission's Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.DG ECFIN: Construction Confidence Indicator: Seasonally Adjusted.

Cloud properties derived from the MODIS instrument on NASA's Aqua satellite by the ESA Cloud CCI project. The L3U datasets consists of cloud properties from L2 data granules remapped to a global space grid of 0.1 degree in latitiude and longitude, without combining any observations from overlapping orbits; only sampling is done. Common notations for this processing level are also L2b and L2G. Data is provided with a temporal resolution of 1 day. This dataset is version 1.0 data from Phase 1 of the CCI project.

EU UK: CCI: sa: NACE 2: Prices Expectations Over Next 3 Months data was reported at 26.700 % Point in Jul 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 33.500 % Point for Jun 2018. EU UK: CCI: sa: NACE 2: Prices Expectations Over Next 3 Months data is updated monthly, averaging 24.900 % Point from Jan 1985 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 403 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 72.000 % Point in Jun 1988 and a record low of -56.000 % Point in Dec 1990. EU UK: CCI: sa: NACE 2: Prices Expectations Over Next 3 Months data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by European Commission's Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.DG ECFIN: Construction Confidence Indicator: Seasonally Adjusted.

EU UK: CCI: sa: NACE 2: Employment Expectations Over Next 3 Mo data was reported at 10.600 % Point in Jul 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 12.800 % Point for Jun 2018. EU UK: CCI: sa: NACE 2: Employment Expectations Over Next 3 Mo data is updated monthly, averaging 2.500 % Point from Jan 1985 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 403 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 51.400 % Point in Mar 1989 and a record low of -72.000 % Point in Jun 1991. EU UK: CCI: sa: NACE 2: Employment Expectations Over Next 3 Mo data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by European Commission's Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.DG ECFIN: Construction Confidence Indicator: Seasonally Adjusted.

The ESA Sea Surface Temperature Climate Change Initiative (ESA SST CCI) dataset accurately maps the surface temperature of the global oceans over the period 1991 to 2010 using observations from many satellites. The data provides an independently quantified SST to a quality suitable for climate research. The GHRSST Multi-Product Ensemble (GMPE) dataset is an ensemble median of the ESA SST CCI spatially complete analysis with other level 4 SST analysis products. Anomalies of the analyses relative to the median, and the ensemble standard deviation are also provided. All the data in the GMPE files are regridded onto a common 0.25 degree regular latitude longitude grid and there are SST fields for each day. The GMPE for the ESA SST CCI long term product covers the period September 1991 to December 2010. GMPE files are also available for ESA SST CCI demonstration product 1 (which covers June to August 2007).

Cloud properties derived from the MODIS instrument on NASA's Terra satellite by the ESA Cloud CCI project. The L3U datasets consists of cloud properties from L2 data granules remapped to a global space grid of 0.1 degree in latitiude and longitude, without combining any observations from overlapping orbits; only sampling is done. Common notations for this processing level are also L2b and L2G. Data is provided with a temporal resolution of 1 day. This dataset is version 1.0 data from Phase 1 of the CCI project.

The ESA Ocean Colour CCI project has produced global level 3 binned multi-sensor time-series of satellite ocean-colour data with a particular focus for use in climate studies. This dataset contains their Version 1.0 chlorophyll-a product (in mg/m3) on a sinusoidal projection at 4 km spatial resolution and at a daily time resolution. Note, this dataset is also included in the 'All Products' dataset. This data product is on a sinusoidal equal-area grid projection, matching the NASA standard level 3 binned projection. The default number of latitude rows is 4320, which results in a vertical bin cell size of approximately 4 km. The number of longitude columns varies according to the latitude, which permits the equal area property. Unlike the NASA format, where the bin cells that do not contain any data are omitted, the CCI format retains all cells and simply marks empty cells with a NetCDF fill value. (A separate dataset is also available for data on a geographic projection.)

As part of the ESA Land Cover Climate Change Initiative (CCI) project a new set of Global Land Cover Maps have been produced. These maps are available at 300m spatial resolution for each year between 1992 and 2015.

Each pixel value corresponds to the classification of a land cover class defined based on the UN Land Cover Classification System (LCCS). The reliability of the classifications made are documented by the four quality flags (decribed further in the Product User Guide) that accompany these maps. Data are provided in both NetCDF and GeoTiff format.

Further Land Cover CCI products, user tools and a product viewer are available at: http://maps.elie.ucl.ac.be/CCI/viewer/index.php . Maps for the 2016-2020 time period have been produced in the context of the Copernicus Climate Change service, and can be downloaded from the Copernicus Climate Data Store (CDS).

This dataset is a monthly mean gridded total ozone data record (level 3) produced by the ESA Ozone Climate Change Initiative project (Ozone CCI). The dataset is a prototype of a merged harmonised ozone data record combining ozone data from the GOME instrument on ERS-2, the SCIAMACHY instrument on ENVISAT and the GOME-2 instrument on METOP-A, and covers the period between April 1996 to June 2011.

This dataset provides Sea Ice Concentration (SIC) for the polar regions, derived from the Nimbus-5 Electrical Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR), which operated between 1972 and 1977. It is processed with an algorithm using the single channel ESMR data (19.35 GHz), and has been gridded at 25 km grid spacing. This is the first version of the product, v1.0.

This product was generated in the context of the ESA Climate Change Initiative Programme (ESA CCI) by the Sea Ice CCI (Sea_Ice_cci) project.