The statistic shows the growth rate in the real GDP in the United Kingdom from 2020 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. In 2024, the rate of GDP growth in the United Kingdom was at around 1.1 percent compared to the previous year.The economy of the United KingdomGDP is used an indicator as to the shape of a national economy. It is one of the most regularly called upon measurements regarding the economic fitness of a country. GDP is the total market value of all final goods and services that have been produced in a country within a given period of time, usually a year. Inflation adjusted real GDP figures serve as an even more telling indication of a country’s economic state in that they act as a more reliable and clear tool as to a nation’s economic health. The gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in the United Kingdom has started to level in recent years after taking a huge body blow in the financial collapse of 2008. The UK managed to rise from the state of dark desperation it was in between 2009 and 2010, from -3.97 to 1.8 percent. The country suffered acutely from the collapse of the banking industry, raising a number of questions within the UK with regards to the country’s heavy reliance on revenues coming from London's financial sector, arguably the most important in the world and one of the globe’s financial command centers. Since the collapse of the post-war consensus and the rise of Thatcherism, the United Kingdom has been swept along in a wave of individualism - collective ideals have been abandoned and the mass privatisation of the heavy industries was unveiled - opening them up to market competition and shifting the economic focus to that of service.The Big Bang policy, one of the cornerstones of the Thatcher government programs of reform, involved mass and sudden deregulation of financial markets. This led to huge changes in the way the financial markets in London work, and saw the many old firms being absorbed by big banks. This, one could argue, strengthened the UK financial sector greatly and while frivolous and dangerous practices brought the sector into great disrepute, the city of London alone brings in around one fifth of the countries national income making it a very prominent contributor to wealth in the UK.

Monthly data showing the Direct Debit failure rate and average Direct Debit transaction amount in the UK. These are official statistics in development. Source: Pay.UK and Vocalink.

This dataset supports the thesis entitled Critical phenomena in gravitational collapse This dataset contains: 2p1_Fluid_collapse_CS_V42_static.nb - see next entry below 3p1_Fluid_collapse_SS_V31.nb - both notebooks were done in Mathematica 12.1. Newer versions may work. Be advised that some (small) parts of the notebook may not be functional. Some parts need a long time to evaluate and others need the companion Mathematica plots folder (see below). Mathematica_plots.zip - zipped folder contained .txt plots, used in some sections of 3p1_Fluid_collapse_SS_V31.nb Numerical_code.text - txt file explaining how to gain access tp the numerical code.

The 5km Hex GS Collapsible Deposits dataset shows a generalised view of the GeoSure Collapsible Deposits v8 dataset to a hexagonal grid resolution of 64.95km coverage area (side length of 5km). This dataset indicates areas of potential ground movement in a helpful and user-friendly format. The rating is based on a highest level of susceptibility identified within that Hex area: Low (1), Moderate (2), Significant (3). Areas of localised significant rating are also indicated. The summarising process via spatial statistics at this scale may lead to under or over estimation of the extent of a hazard. The supporting GeoSure reports can help inform planning decisions and indicate causes of subsidence. The reports can help inform planning decisions and indicate causes of subsidence. The Collapsible Ground dataset provides an assessment of the potential for a geological deposit to collapse (to subside rapidly) as a consequence of a metastable microfabric in loessic material. Such metastable material is prone to collapse when it is loaded (as by construction of a building, for example) and then saturated by water (as by rising groundwater, for example). Collapse may cause damage to overlying property. The methodology is based on the BGS Digital Map (DiGMapGB-50) and expert knowledge of the origin and behaviour of the formations so defined. It provides complete coverage of Great Britain, subject to revision in line with changes in DiGMapGB lithology codes and methodological improvements.

With the onset of the Global Financial Crisis in the late Summer of 2007, the United Kingdom was one of the first countries to experience financial panic after the United States. In September 2007, the bank Northern Rock became the UK's first bank to collapse in 150 years due to a bank run, as depositors reacted to the announcement that the bank would be seeking emergency liquidity support from the Bank of England by lining up outside their bank branches to withdraw money. The failure of Northern Rock was a bad omen for the UK economy and financial sector, as banks stopped lending to each other and to customers in what became known as the 'credit crunch'. Government bailouts, private bailouts By October 2008, many UK banks were facing a situation where if they did not receive external assistance, then they would have to default on their debts and likely have to declare bankruptcy. The UK's Labour government, led by Prime Minister Gordon Brown, announced that it would provide emergency funds to stabilize the banking system, leading to the part or full nationalization of some of Britain's largest financial firms. Specifically, Royal Bank of Scotland, Lloyds TSB, and HBOS received over 35 billion pounds in a government cash injection, while Barclays opted to seek investment from private investors in order to avoid nationalization, much of which came from the state of Qatar. The bailouts caused UK government debt ratios to almost double over the period of the crisis, while public trust in the financial system sank.

In 2020, 35 percent of respondents in the United Kingdom considered travel company failure a risk when booking their holidays. This concern seems to fluctuate yearly, with almost one third of holidaymakers acknowledging potential travel agency closure as a risk in 2017.

These experiments provide a detailed record of the way in which flexible tubes collapse as the transmural pressure, or the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the tube, is varied, called the "tube law".

The tubes have a known unstrained radius, length, and wall thickness, and they are held at a known length during the experiment.

For a particular tube geometry the transmural pressure starts at 0, and is increased (positive pressure indicates a higher pressure outside the tube) in a series of discrete steps. At each of these N pressures, 7 images are taken of the tube from m positions arranged symmetrically in a circle about the longitudinal axis, separated by 45 degrees. These images allow the cross-section at the longitudinal centre of the tube, which has the smallest cross-sectional area of any point along the tube, to be reconstructed in 3 dimensions. 15 material points are marked on the tube, and the positions of these material points are reconstructed in 3 dimensions using the m images, and this allows the cross-sectional shape to be found. Hence, from our data is is possible to find the cross-sectional area as a function of the transmural pressure for tubes with various geometries. The file “Collapse of Flexible Tubes - The Tube Law.txt” contains a detailed summary of the data and code in this repository and how it can be used.

PSD - Original power spectral densities at different temperatures (in mK). For accounting the spectral leakage due to the FFT resolution, one has to remove the central 6 points. The columns are: frequency (Hz), value of PSD (Phi_0^2/Hz), PSD error (same units) Final data - Excel reporting the results of the PSD fits and that of the linear fit of B for the high temperatures. Final upper bound for the value of S_{F0}

This statistic shows the share of reasons why cars and other passenger vehicles, with up to 12 seats, failed their MOT tests in Great Britain in 2007/08 and 2017/18. In both years recorded, the most common reason was irregularities with lights and signalling, at 17.1 percent of the tests with one or more fail in 2017/2018.

Dataset population: All usual residents aged 16 and over in employment the week before the census

Location of where people live when working

The location in which an individual lives when they are working.

Place of work

The location in which an individual works.

Geographies of origin areas:

• UK Local Authorities (merged) 2011

Geographies of destination areas:

• UK Local Authorities (merged) 2011
• 2011 UK SWS additional workplace codes

For the area in which people live while they are working, if that address is a work-related second address that is outside of the UK then this is signified by code OD0000005.

*The following codes are used for area of workplace that is not an LAD geographic code:

OD0000001 = Mainly work at or from home

OD0000002 = Offshore installation

OD0000003 = No fixed place

OD0000004 = Outside UK*

The United Kingdom's economy grew by 1.1 percent in 2024, after a growth rate of 0.4 percent in 2023, 4.8 percent in 2022, 8.6 percent in 2021, and a record 10.3 percent fall in 2020. During the provided time period, the biggest annual fall in gross domestic product before 2020 occurred in 2009, when the UK economy contracted by 4.6 percent at the height of the global financial crisis of the late 2000s. Before 2021, the year with the highest annual GDP growth rate was 1973, when the UK economy grew by 6.5 percent. UK economy growing but GDP per capita falling In 2022, the UK's GDP per capita amounted to approximately 37,371 pounds, with this falling to 37,028 pounds in 2023, and 36,977 pounds in 2024. While the UK economy as a whole grew during this time, the UK's population grew at a faster rate, resulting in the negative growth in GDP per capita. This suggests the UK economy's struggles with productivity are not only stagnating, but getting worse. The relatively poor economic performance of the UK in recent years has not gone unnoticed by the electorate, with the economy consistently seen as the most important issue for voters since 2022. Recent shocks to UK economy In the second quarter of 2020, the UK economy shrank by a record 20.3 percent at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although there was a relatively swift economic recovery initially, the economy has struggled to grow much beyond its pre-pandemic size, and was only around 3.1 percent larger in December 2024, when compared with December 2019. Although the labor market has generally been quite resilient during this time, a long twenty-month period between 2021 and 2023 saw prices rise faster than wages, and inflation surge to a high of 11.1 percent in October 2022.

Whole-rock geochemistry data of samples collected from Tindfjallajökull volcano, south Iceland. For further information, see Moles, J. D. (2018). Volcanic archives of past glacial environments: Tindfjallajökull volcano, Iceland. PhD thesis, The Open University. http://oro.open.ac.uk/id/eprint/62117. Geographical extent: Bounding box latitude and longitude: SW corner 63°42'N 19°46'W and NE corner 63°50'N 19°28'W.

In 2022/23, the United Kingdom's defence spending as a share of Gross Domestic Product is estimated to be 2.2 percent. During this time period, the UK's defence spending was at its highest in 1955/56 when 7.6 percent of the UK's GDP was spent on the military. Defence spending has fallen considerably throughout this period, especially after 1984/85, and then at a much faster pace after the end of the Cold War in 1991. It is estimated that defence spending as a share of GDP fell to its lowest level between 2016/17 and 2018/19 when it was just 1.8 percent. Armed forces fall to record lows in 2024 Since the early 1950s, there has been a consistent reduction in the size of the UK's armed forces. The importance of Britain maintaining a large standing army declined following the collapse of the British Empire by the late 1970s, and the end of the Cold War around a decade later. At the start of the 1990s, there were approximately 300,000 personnel in the armed forces, with this falling to 200,000 by 2005. Following a further strategic review of the army's capabilities in 2010, additional cuts to personnel were implemented, with cuts of approximately 50,000 throughout the 2010s. As of 2024, there were 75,320 personnel in the Army, 30,800 in the Royal Air Force, and 32,000 in the Royal Navy and Marines, a total of 138,120 active personnel. The UK and NATO The UK is one of the twelve founding members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a military alliance formed in 1949. NATO's initial purpose was to defend Western Europe against the Soviet Union, with its role evolving to include peacekeeping and counter-terrorism after the end of the Cold War. As of 2025, the alliance includes 32 nations, with just two of these (Canada and the United States) outside of Europe. The United States is by far the largest military power in the alliance, dominating in terms of manpower, equipment, and military spending. Donald Trump's return to the White House in 2025, who has been skeptical of NATO, may prove difficult for the alliance should he distance the U.S. from Europe's security challenges.

Dataset population: All usual residents with a second address

Location of usual residence

The location where an individual usually resides.

Location of second address

The location of the second address.

Age

Age is derived from the date of birth question and is a person's age at their last birthday, at 27 March 2011. Dates of birth that imply an age over 115 are treated as invalid and the person's age is imputed. Infants less than one year old are classified as 0 years of age.

Geographies of origin areas:

• UK Local Authorities (merged) 2011

Geographies of destination areas:

• UK Local Authorities (merged) 2011
• 2011 SRS additional area of second address codes

Area of second address code OD0000005 signifies that address is 'Outside UK'.

Dataset population: All usual residents with a second address

Location of usual residence

The location where an individual usually resides.

Location of second address

The location of the second address.

Sex

Sex is the classification of a person as either male or female.

Geographies of origin areas:

• UK Local Authorities (merged) 2011

Geographies of destination areas:

• UK Local Authorities (merged) 2011
• 2011 SRS additional area of second address codes

Area of second address code OD0000005 signifies that address is 'Outside UK'.

A recent analysis on the impact of Brexit suggests that in 2023, the United Kingdom's economy was 2.5 percent smaller than it would have been in a base scenario where the UK never left the EU. The estimated hit to the UK's gross domestic product (GDP) increases to three percent in 2024, and to 3.2 percent by 2025 in this forecast. UK growth cut at start of turbulent 2025 After growing by 1.1 percent in 2024, the UK economy is expected to grow by one percent in 2025, down from an earlier forecast of two percent. As of 2025, the UK economy is approximately 4.4 percent larger than it was just before the COVID-19 pandemic five years earlier, which delivered a sudden and severe economic shock to the country. While the initial bounce back from this collapse was robust, the recovery slowed by the end of 2020, and it wasn't until late 2021 that the economy returned to its pre-pandemic size. Throughout 2022 and 2023, the economy continued to struggle, and even experienced a recession at the end of 2023. How voters feel about Brexit in 2025 Since the middle of 2021, a growing majority of voters in Britain have advised that they think Brexit was the wrong decision. As of January 2025, around 55 percent thought it was wrong to leave the EU, compared with just 43 percent in April 2021. By comparison, the share of Britons who think Brexit was the right decision has fallen from 46 percent to 30 percent in the same time period. Voters are, however, still quite divided on what relationship they want with the EU, with only 31 percent supporting rejoining completely. Furthermore, Brexit has fallen behind other issues for voters such as the economy, the NHS, and immigration and the issue played a much smaller role in the 2024 election than it did in 2019.

This dataset supports the publication: ‘Jet direction in bubble collapse within rectangular and triangular channels’ by Lebo Molefe and Ivo R. Peters in Physical Review E.

Lighting and signaling issues were the most common reasons for motorcycles to fail their Ministry of Transport (MOT) test in Great Britain. In 2018/19, 8.6 percent of all motorcycles were unable to meet the standards set by the annual test due to lighting and signaling problems. In total, 22.7 percent of motorcycles had initially failed the MOT test that year. All motorcycles older than three years are required to complete the annual test for a fee of 29.65 British pounds.

Car MOT test failures

Irregularities with lighting and signaling were also the most common issue for passenger cars when undergoing the MOT test. However, the share of cars afflicted was nearly double that of motorcycles. This was also indicative of the overall share of cars failing the test, which stood at nearly 63 percent in 2018/19.

1.24m registered motorcycles

As of 2018, there were roughly 1.24 million motorcycles registered in the United Kingdom. Despite an initial increase from 2000 onwards, by 2007 figures had stayed relatively constant throughout the years with no significant lows or peaks recorded.

Dataset supports the paper 'Engineering the Collapse of Lifetime Distribution of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Nanodiamonds' in Applied Physics Letters. http://doi.org/10.1063/5.0054780