A survey conducted in April and May 2023 revealed that around 55 percent of the companies that do business in the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK) found it challenging to adapt to new or changing requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA). A further 45 percent of the survey respondents said it was challenging to increase the budget because of the changes in the data privacy laws.

As of February 2025, the largest fine issued for violation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the United Kingdom (UK) was more than 22 million euros, received by British Airways in October 2020. Another fine received by Marriott International Inc. in the same month was the second-highest in the UK and amounted to over 20 million euros.

A 2022 survey of UK consumers found that 54 percent of the respondents were convinced that companies should be responsible for protecting consumers' data privacy. About two in 10 said the parliamentary system was supposed to assure their online data protection, while 14 percent said individuals should take care of it themselves.

When it came to concerns regarding the protection of personal information shared with companies, 21 percent of adults in the United Kingdom (UK) claimed they were worried about said data being passed on to third parties. A slightly smaller percentage (16 percent) were concerned about falling prey to fraud or scams.

This dataset is a central catalogue of Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIAs) of smart city projects that collect personal information in public spaces. By publishing this in one place for the first time, it will enable public transparency and support good practice among operators.

A DPIA helps to identify and minimise the risks of a project that uses personal data.

Further information:

DPIA registration form: https://www.london.gov.uk/dpia-register-form

Information Commissioner DPIA: https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/accountability-and-governance/data-protection-impact-assessments/

In the United Kingdom, consumer concerns around use of personal data by companies centered on more accountability from the side of the companies, according to a survey conducted among internet users in the UK. 58 percent of respondents said they thought companies should be held accountable in the case of data misuse. Another 34 percent of consumers who took part in the survey said they wanted to see transparency on marketing and advertising practices carried out by companies.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic brought global disruption to health, society and economy, including to the conduct of clinical research. In the European Union (EU), the legal and ethical framework for research is complex and divergent. Many challenges exist in relation to the interplay of the various applicable rules, particularly with respect to compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This study aimed to gain insights into the experience of key clinical research stakeholders [investigators, ethics committees (ECs), and data protection officers (DPOs)/legal experts working with clinical research sponsors] across the EU and the UK on the main challenges related to data protection in clinical research before and during the pandemic.Materials and methodsThe study consisted of an online survey and follow-up semi-structured interviews. Data collection occurred between April and December 2021. Survey data was analyzed descriptively, and the interviews underwent a framework analysis.Results and conclusionIn total, 191 respondents filled in the survey, of whom fourteen participated in the follow-up interviews. Out of the targeted 28 countries (EU and UK), 25 were represented in the survey. The majority of stakeholders were based in Western Europe. This study empirically elucidated numerous key legal and ethical issues related to GDPR compliance in the context of (cross-border) clinical research. It showed that the lack of legal harmonization remains the biggest challenge in the field, and that it is present not only at the level of the interplay of key EU legislative acts and national implementation of the GDPR, but also when it comes to interpretation at local, regional and institutional levels. Moreover, the role of ECs in data protection was further explored and possible ways forward for its normative delineation were discussed. According to the participants, the pandemic did not bring additional legal challenges. Although practical challenges (for instance, mainly related to the provision of information to patients) were high due to the globally enacted crisis measures, the key problematic issues on (cross-border) health research, interpretations of the legal texts and compliance strategies remained largely the same.

A survey conducted in April and May 2023 among companies that do business in the European Union and the United Kingdom (UK) found that over half of the respondents, 53 percent, felt very prepared for the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). A further 35 percent of the companies believed they were moderately prepared, while 10 percent said they were slightly ready to comply with the EU and UK privacy legislations.

The UK Data Center Physical Security Market Report is Segmented by Solution Type (Video Surveillance, Access Control Solutions, and Other Solution Types (Mantraps, Fences, and Monitoring Solutions)), Service Type (Consulting Services, Professional Services, and Other Service Types (System Integration Services)), and End User (IT & Telecommunication, BFSI, Government, Media & Entertainment, and Other End Users). The Market Sizes and Forecasts are Provided in Terms of Value (USD Million) for all the Above Segments.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic brought global disruption to health, society and economy, including to the conduct of clinical research. In the European Union (EU), the legal and ethical framework for research is complex and divergent. Many challenges exist in relation to the interplay of the various applicable rules, particularly with respect to compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This study aimed to gain insights into the experience of key clinical research stakeholders [investigators, ethics committees (ECs), and data protection officers (DPOs)/legal experts working with clinical research sponsors] across the EU and the UK on the main challenges related to data protection in clinical research before and during the pandemic.Materials and methodsThe study consisted of an online survey and follow-up semi-structured interviews. Data collection occurred between April and December 2021. Survey data was analyzed descriptively, and the interviews underwent a framework analysis.Results and conclusionIn total, 191 respondents filled in the survey, of whom fourteen participated in the follow-up interviews. Out of the targeted 28 countries (EU and UK), 25 were represented in the survey. The majority of stakeholders were based in Western Europe. This study empirically elucidated numerous key legal and ethical issues related to GDPR compliance in the context of (cross-border) clinical research. It showed that the lack of legal harmonization remains the biggest challenge in the field, and that it is present not only at the level of the interplay of key EU legislative acts and national implementation of the GDPR, but also when it comes to interpretation at local, regional and institutional levels. Moreover, the role of ECs in data protection was further explored and possible ways forward for its normative delineation were discussed. According to the participants, the pandemic did not bring additional legal challenges. Although practical challenges (for instance, mainly related to the provision of information to patients) were high due to the globally enacted crisis measures, the key problematic issues on (cross-border) health research, interpretations of the legal texts and compliance strategies remained largely the same.

The Cyber Security Breaches Survey, 2023 (CSBS) was run to understand organisations' approaches and attitudes to cyber security, and to understand their experience of cyber security breaches. The aim of the survey was to support the Government by providing evidence that can inform policies which help to make Britain a safer place to do business online. Details of changes for the 2023 survey can be found in the Technical Annex documentation.

These surveys have been conducted annually since 2016 to understand the views of UK organisations on cyber security. Data are collected on topics including online use; attitudes of organisations to cyber security and awareness of Government initiatives; approaches to cyber security (including investment and processes); incidences and impact of a cyber security breach or attack; and how breaches are dealt with by the organisation. This information helps to inform Government policy towards organisations, including how best to target key messages to businesses and charities so that they are cyber secure (and so that the UK is the safest place in the world to do business online). The study is funded by the DSIT as part of the National Cyber Security Programme.

The underlying data are useful for researchers to better understand the response across a range of organisations and for wider comparability over time. The survey originally only covered businesses but was expanded to include charities from the 2018 survey onwards. From 2020, the survey includes a sample of education institutions (primary and secondary schools, further and higher education). Please note that the UK Data Service only holds data from 2018 onwards.

Further information and additional publications can be found on the GOV.UK Cyber Security Breaches Survey 2023 webpage.

Latest Edition Information
For the second edition (August 2023), the data file has been updated to correct an error with the variable COUNTRY. In the earlier version, some non-charity data had been mistakenly mapped to a country in this variable, which refers to charities sampled only. These respondents have now been recoded as -1 (missing).

Reasons for data donation subscale correlations, and means, standard deviations and Cronbach’s Alpha for subscales of Reasons for Data Donation.

The Cyber Security Longitudinal Survey (CSLS) helps us better understand cyber security policies and processes within medium and large businesses and high-income charities. It explores the links over time between these policies and processes and the likelihood and impact of a cyber incident. The survey is commissioned by The Department of Science, Innovation and Technology as part of the National Cyber Strategy. It aims to support the Government by providing evidence that can inform policies which help to make Britain a safer place to do business online. This is the third research year (or wave) of a multi-year study and the data were collected over 2023.

The core objectives of the study are to:

• explore how and why UK organisations are changing their cyber security profile and how they implement, measure, and improve their cyber defences.

• provide a more in-depth picture of larger organisations, covering topics that are lightly covered in the main Cyber Security Breaches Survey (also available from the UK Data Archive), such as corporate governance, supply chain risk management, internal and external reporting, cyber strategy, and cyber insurance.

• explore the effects of actions adopted by organisations to improve their cyber security on the likelihood and impact of a cyber incident.

Further information and additional publications can be found on the GOV.UK Cyber Security Longitudinal Survey pages.

Wave 1 and 2 data from the Cyber Security Longitudinal Survey can also be found on the UK Data Archive under SNs 8969 and 9067 respectively.