In February 2025, electricity prices in the United Kingdom amounted to 143.37 British pounds per megawatt-hour, an increase on the previous month. A record high was reached in August 2022 when day-ahead baseload contracts averaged 363.7 British pounds per megawatt-hour.
Electricity price stabilization in Europe Electricity prices increased in 2024 compared to the previous year, when prices stabilized after the energy supply shortage. Price spikes were driven by the growing wholesale prices of natural gas and coal worldwide, which are among the main sources of power in the region.

… and in the United Kingdom? The United Kingdom was one of the countries with the highest electricity prices worldwide during the energy crisis. Since then, prices have been stabilizing, almost to pre-energy crisis levels. The use of nuclear, wind, and bioenergy for electricity generation has been increasing recently. The fuel types are an alternative to fossil fuels and are part of the country's power generation plans going into the future.

UK Electricity decreased 15.90 GBP/MWh or 15.52% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United Kingdom Electricity Price.

Daily data showing the System Price of electricity, and rolling seven-day average, in Great Britain. These are official statistics in development. Source: Elexon.

As of the fourth quarter of 2024, oil prices in the United Kingdom stood at 74 dollars per barrel, with prices expected to rise to 76.6 dollars a barrel in early 2025, before gradually falling in subsequent quarters.

Wholesale electricity prices in the United Kingdom hit a record-high in 2022, reaching 21.7 British pence per kilowatt-hour that year. Projections indicate that prices are bound to decrease steadily in the next few years, falling under five pence per kilowatt-hour by 2030.

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Electricity Trading Market Size 2025-2029

The electricity trading market size is forecast to increase by USD 123.5 billion at a CAGR of 6.5% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is witnessing significant growth due to several key trends. The integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar panels and wind turbines, into the grid is a major driver. Energy storage systems are increasingly being adopted to ensure a stable power supply from these intermittent sources. Concurrently, the adoption of energy storage systems addresses key challenges like intermittency, enabling better integration of renewable sources, and bolstering grid resilience. Self-generation of electricity by consumers through microgrids is also gaining popularity, allowing them to sell excess power back to the grid. The entry of new players and collaborations among existing ones are further fueling market growth. These trends reflect the shift towards clean energy and the need for a more decentralized and efficient electricity system.

What will be the Size of the Electricity Trading Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market, a critical component of the global energy industry, functions as a dynamic interplay between wholesale energy markets and traditional financial markets. As a commodity, electricity is bought and sold through various trading mechanisms, including equities, bonds, and real-time auctions. The market's size and direction are influenced by numerous factors, such as power station generation data, system operator demands, and consumer usage patterns. Participants in the market include power station owners, system operators, consumers, and ancillary service providers. Ancillary services, like frequency regulation and spinning reserves, help maintain grid stability. Market design and news reports shape the market's evolution, with initiatives like the European Green Paper and the Lisbon Strategy influencing the industry's direction towards increased sustainability and competition.
Short-term trading, through power purchase agreements and power distribution contracts, plays a significant role in the market's real-time dynamics. Power generation and power distribution are intricately linked, with the former influencing the availability and price of electricity, and the latter affecting demand patterns. Overall, the market is a complex, ever-evolving system that requires a deep understanding of both energy market fundamentals and financial market dynamics.

How is this Electricity Trading Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Day-ahead trading
  Intraday trading


Application

  Industrial
  Commercial
  Residential


Source

  Non-renewable energy
  Renewable energy


Geography

  Europe

    Germany
    UK
    France
    Italy
    Spain


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  North America

    US


  South America



  Middle East and Africa

By Type Insights

The day-ahead trading segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Day-ahead trading refers to the voluntary, financially binding forward electricity trading that occurs in exchanges such as the European Power Exchange (EPEX Spot) and Energy Exchange Austria (EXAA), as well as through bilateral contracts. This process involves sellers and buyers agreeing on the required volume of electricity for the next day, resulting in a schedule for everyday intervals. However, this schedule is subject to network security constraints and adjustments for real-time conditions and actual electricity supply and demand. Market operators, including ISOs and RTOs, oversee these markets and ensure grid reliability through balancing and ancillary services. Traders, including utilities, energy providers, and professional and institutional traders, participate in these markets to manage price risk, hedge against price volatility, and optimize profitability.

Key factors influencing electricity prices include weather conditions, fuel prices, availability, construction costs, and physical factors. Renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, also play a growing role in these markets, with the use of Renewable Energy Certificates and net metering providing consumer protection and incentives for homeowners and sustainable homes. Electricity trading encompasses power generators, power suppliers, consumers, and system operators, with contracts, generation data, and power station dispatch governed by market rules and regulations.

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The day-ahead tra

Wholesale electricity prices in the European Union (EU) increased in 2024 after recovering from the global energy crisis in 2023. This was the result of a myriad of factors, including increased demand in the “post-pandemic” economic recovery, a rise in natural gas and coal prices, and a decline in renewable power generation due to low wind speeds and drought. Nuclear power's critical role In 2023, nuclear and wind were among the leading sources of electricity generation in the EU, accounting for more than one-third of the output. Nuclear energy continues to play a crucial role in the European Union's electricity mix, generating approximately 619 terawatt-hours in 2023, which accounted for about 20 percent of the region's power production. However, the future of nuclear power in Europe is uncertain, with some countries like Germany phasing out their nuclear plants while others maintain their reliance on this energy source. The varied approaches to nuclear power across EU member states contribute to the differences in electricity prices and supply stability throughout the region.

Renewable energy's growing impact As Europe strives to decarbonize its energy sector, renewable sources are gaining prominence. Wind power in Europe, in particular, has seen significant growth, with installed capacity in Europe reaching 257.1 gigawatt hours in 2023. This expansion of renewable energy infrastructure is gradually reshaping the electricity market, potentially leading to more stable prices in the long term. However, the intermittent nature of some renewable sources, such as wind and solar, can still contribute to price fluctuations, especially during periods of low output.

UK Gas decreased 26.27 GBp/Thm or 20.95% since the beginning of 2025, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. UK Natural Gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on March of 2025.

The average gas price in Great Britain in January 2025 was 123.02 British pence per therm. This was 50 pence higher than the same month the year prior and follows a trend of increasing gas prices. Energy prices in the UK Energy prices in the UK were exceptionally high in 2021-2022 due to an energy supply shortage as a result of lower pipeline supplies from Norway and Russia, as well as reduced LNG imports owing to greater purchases by customers in Asia. Multiple factors such as a lack of gas storage availability and the large share of gas in heating have exacerbated the supply issue in the UK. This led to multiple suppliers announcing bankruptcy, while an upped price cap threatened energy security of numerous households. The United Kingdom has some of the highest household electricity prices worldwide. How is gas used in the UK? According to a 2023 survey conducted by the UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, 58 percent of respondents used gas as a heating method during the winter months. On average, household expenditure on energy from gas in the UK stood at some 24.9 billion British pounds in 2023.

Load, wind and solar, prices in hourly resolution. This data package contains different kinds of timeseries data relevant for power system modelling, namely electricity prices, electricity consumption (load) as well as wind and solar power generation and capacities. The data is aggregated either by country, control area or bidding zone. Geographical coverage includes the EU and some neighbouring countries. All variables are provided in hourly resolution. Where original data is available in higher resolution (half-hourly or quarter-hourly), it is provided in separate files. This package version only contains data provided by TSOs and power exchanges via ENTSO-E Transparency, covering the period 2015-mid 2020. See previous versions for historical data from a broader range of sources. All data processing is conducted in Python/pandas and has been documented in the Jupyter notebooks linked below.

Introduction This dataset reports on UK Power Networks' use of paid flexibility services. UK Power Networks uses flexibility (demand/generation turn up/down) in London, the South East, and the East of England to manage electricity flows on the local electricity distribution network. Flexibility dispatches data can be used to understand historical volumes, prices paid, geographic locations, providers, and technologies used. Using the Analyse tab, users can visualize and explore the growth of flexibility dispatches. These transparent insights can inform current and prospective flexibility services providers on how often flexibility is dispatched and at what price, including local authorities, electricity suppliers, industrial/commercial energy users, and generation operators. The data can also be used by wider stakeholders such as market analysts, advisers, regulators, and policymakers. A wide variety of energy resources and low carbon technologies already provide flexibility services to UK Power Networks, including grid-scale batteries, electric vehicle charge points, solar farms, wind farms, and residential energy users. These are grouped using the industry standard technology categorizations as used for regulatory reporting. To find out more about how to participate in flexibility tenders and become a flexibility provider, visit our webpage: Flexibility - UKPN DSO (ukpowernetworks.co.uk). Flexibility dispatches are currently reported from 1 April 2023, with new dispatches added monthly. Each row includes the timing, location, product, capacity, technology, and provider for our growing volume of flexibility dispatches. The data is assessed for errors using algorithmic quality control as well as being evaluated manually by a flexibility engineer before publication. The dataset can be downloaded or incorporated into the user’s interface via API. Requested volumes may not match delivered volumes, depending on performance against the relevant baseline. You can find actual dispatch data in the yearly Procurement Statements and Reports at Tender Hub - UKPN DSO (ukpowernetworks.co.uk). This includes our annual Flexibility Statement (forecasts for the next regulatory year), Flexibility Report (outcomes from last regulatory year), and data appendices.

Methodological Approach

Dispatches are made by a control engineer in the DSO Operations team to manage local constraints. Dispatches of flexible units (FUs) may be made either by API or email, depending on the FU's technological capabilities and preference. This dataset reports on dispatches made under Secure, Dynamic, and Day-Ahead products. Flexibility provided through our Sustain product is not dispatched and hence is not included within this dataset. Requested volumes may not match delivered volumes, depending on performance against the relevant baseline. Historic data may be updated from time to time where data errors are identified.

Quality Control Statement Dispatches are passed through a quality control algorithm to flag anomalies and erroneous data. Quality control checks include:

Times are consistent with the contracted service window; Dispatches are matched to the correct flexibility zone; Dispatches are unique (no duplicates); Dispatches are issued at the contracted price and volume; Dispatches are matched with an active contract.

Assurance Statement The flexibility dispatch report is reviewed by a flexibility engineer and a member of the Data Science team to ensure the data is accurate before publication on the Open Data Portal. Any data errors in previous reports are corrected on an ongoing basis and updated monthly.

Other Download dataset information: Metadata (JSON) Definitions of key terms related to this dataset can be found in the Open Data Portal Glossary: Open Data Portal Glossary

Spain Electricity decreased 81.27 EUR/MWh or 59.82% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Spain Electricity Price.

This dataset provides values for ELECTRICITY PRICE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Residential electricity prices in the United Kingdom amounted to 0.35 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour in March 2024, a decrease in electricity prices for households in the UK from the previous year.

This data set is supplementary material for the paper 'Probabilistic Day-ahead Inertia Forecasting' by Evelyn Heylen, Jethro Browell and Fei Teng. Future releases are subject to change following revisions of this article.

This dataset contains data of the Great Britain power system of 2016 - 2018. More specifically, data are included related to demand (day-ahead forecast and out-turn), generation by different generator types, interconnection flows, day-ahead electricity price, wind and solar generation (day-ahead forecasts and out-turn) and estimated inertial energy from transmission-connected synchronous generator units. The resolution of the data is 30 minutes.

This data set is supplementary material of the paper 'Probabilistic Day-ahead Inertia Forecasting' by Evelyn Heylen, Jethro Browell and Fei Teng.

The dataset contains data of the Great Britain power system for 2016, 2017 and 2018. The resolution of the data is 30 minutes.

[1] "V1" Indexer
[2] "year" Year [3] "month" Month [4] "spidx" Settlement period index
[5] "t_day_week" Day of the week (1 = Monday)
[6] "forecasted_wind_offshore_elexon" Day-ahead offshore wind forecast from elexon (t+D|t) [7] "forecasted_wind_onshore_elexon" Day-ahead onshore wind forecast from elexon (t+D|t) [8] "forecasted_solar_elexon" Day-ahead solar forecast from elexon (t+D|t)

           out_X_Y = Out-turn of generator type X according to source Y

[9] "out_wind_offshore_entso_e" Example: Out-turn of offshore wind generation published on the entso-e transparency platform [10] "out_wind_onshore_entso_e"
[11] "out_solar_entso_e"
[12] "out_biomass_entso_e"
[13] "out_lignite_entso_e"
[14] "out_coal_gas_entso_e"
[15] "out_gas_entso_e"
[16] "out_hard_coal_entso_e"
[17] "out_oil_entso_e"
[18] "out_oil_shale_entso_e"
[19] "out_peat_entso_e"
[20] "out_hydrothermal_entso_e"
[21] "out_hydro_PS_entso_e"
[22] "out_hydro_ror_entso_e"
[23] "out_hydro_reservoir_entso_e"
[24] "out_marine_entso_e"
[25] "out_nuclear_entso_e"
[26] "out_other_entso_e"
[27] "out_other_RES_entso_e"
[28] "out_waste_entso_e"
[29] "out_biomass_elexon"
[30] "out_fossil_gas_elexon"
[31] "out_fossil_hard_coal_elexon"
[32] "out_fossil_oil_elexon"
[33] "out_hydro_pumped_storage_elexon"
[34] "out_hydro_run_of_river_and_poundage_elexon" [35] "out_nuclear_elexon"
[36] "out_other_elexon"
[37] "out_solar_elexon"
[38] "out_wind_offshore_elexon"
[39] "out_wind_onshore_elexon"

[40] "nd_eso" National demand out-turn according to National Grid ESO (NG ESO) website [41] "i014_nd_eso"
[42] "tsd_eso" Transmission system demand out-turn according to NG ESO website [43] "i014_tsd_eso"
[44] "england_wales_demand_eso" England and Wales demand out-turn according to NG ESOwebsite [45] "embedded_wind_generation_eso" Embedded wind generation according to NG ESO website [46] "embedded_wind_capacity_eso" Embedded wind capacity according to NG ESO website [47] "embedded_solar_generation_eso" Embedded solar generation according to NG ESO website [48] "embedded_solar_capacity_eso" Embedded solar capacity according to NG ESO website [49] "non_bm_stor_eso" Non balancing mechanism short term operating reserve according to NG ESO website [50] "pump_storage_pumping_eso" Pumped storage pumping according to NG ESO website [51] "i014_pump_storage_pumping_eso"

           X_flow_Y = flow on interconnector X according to source Y

[52] "french_flow_eso" Example: Flow on GB-France interconnector according to NG ESO website [53] "britned_flow_eso"
[54] "moyle_flow_eso"
[55] "east_west_flow_eso"
[56] "i014_french_flow_eso"
[57] "i014_britned_flow_eso"
[58] "i014_moyle_flow_eso"
[59] "i014_east_west_flow_eso"
[60] "britned_flow_elexon"
[61] "east_west_flow_elexon"
[62] "french_flow_elexon"
[63] "moyle_flow_elexon"
[64] "nemo_flow_elexon"

           forecasted_X_Y: Forecast value of variable X according to source Y made                       on previous day for current time instant (t|t-D)

[65] "forecasted_TDF_entso_e" Example: Forecast value of transmission system demand according to source entso-e (t|t-D)
[66] "out_TDF_entso_e" Out-turn transmission demand according to entso-e transparency platform [67] "forecasted_TDF_elexon" Variable: transmission demand [68] "forecasted_NDF_elexon" Variable: National demand [69] "forecasted_ID_elexon" Variable: Indicated demand [70] "forecasted_IG_elexon" Variable: Indicated generation [71] "forecasted_wind_elexon" Variable: Wind generation

[72] "day_ahead_price" Day-ahead electricity price
[73] "holidays" Time periods during holidays (Holiday = 1)

[74] "solar_capacity_elexon"
[75] "wind_offshore_capacity_elexon"
[76] "wind_onshore_capacity_elexon"
[77] "IC_capacity"

[78] "IC_flow_eso" Total interconnection flow according to NG ESO website
[79] "IC_flow_elexon" Total interconnection flow according to elexon

           cap_X: Synchronized generation capacity for generator type X
           inertia_X: Inertial energy for generator type X

[80] "cap_biomass" example: Synchronized generation capacity of biomass units [81] "inertia_biomass" example: Inertial energy connected to the systme from biomass units [82] "cap_ccgt"
[83] "inertia_ccgt"
[84] "cap_coal"
[85] "inertia_coal"
[86] "cap_fossil_gas"
[87] "inertia_fossil_gas"
[88] "cap_fossil_hard_coal"
[89] "inertia_fossil_hard_coal"
[90] "cap_fossil_oil"
[91] "inertia_fossil_oil"
[92] "cap_hydro_run_of_river_and_poundage"
[93] "inertia_hydro_run_of_river_and_poundage"
[94] "cap_npshyd" npshyd = non-pumped storage hydro [95] "inertia_npshyd"
[96] "cap_nuclear"
[97] "inertia_nuclear"
[98] "cap_ocgt"
[99] "inertia_ocgt"
[100] "cap_other" Generator type = other generation units [101] "inertia_other"

[102] "online_capacity" Synchronized capacity of tranmission-connected synchronous generators [103] "inertial_energy" Outturn total inertial energy from tranmission-connected synchronous generators

[104] "dtm" Date time index [105] "free" Time periods that correspond to a weekend day or holiday (1 = weekend day or holiday) [106] "weekend" Time periods during weekend days (1 = weekend day) [107] "false_data" Time periods with false data [108] "timeidx" Time index [109] "data_type" Train data or test data

https://zenodo.org/records/4708136

TTF Gas decreased 8.92 EUR/MWh or 17.69% since the beginning of 2025, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. EU Natural Gas TTF - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on March of 2025.

Germany's electricity prices have experienced an increase in the latter half of 2024 and the beginning of 2025, reaching an average of 140.42 euros per megawatt-hour in February 2025. This marks a notable decrease from the record high of over 469 euros per megawatt-hour in August 2022, yet remains above pre-pandemic levels. The ongoing volatility in energy prices continues to impact German households and businesses, reflecting broader trends across Europe's energy landscape. Electricity price recovery German electricity prices began recovering back to pre-energy crisis levels in 2024, a period driven by a complex interplay of factors, including increased heating demand, reduced wind power generation, and water scarcity affecting hydropower production. The rise in natural gas and coal prices, exacerbated by the economic recovery post-COVID-19 and the Ukraine conflict, further contributed to the spike. Despite Germany's progress in renewable energy sources, with over 50 percent of gross electricity generated from renewable sources in 2023, the country still relies heavily on fossil fuels. Coal and natural gas accounted for approximately 40 percent of the energy mix, making Germany vulnerable to fluctuations in global fuel prices. Impact on consumers and future outlook The volatility in electricity prices has directly impacted German consumers. As of April 1, 2024, households with basic supplier contracts were paying around 46 cents per kilowatt-hour, making it the most expensive option compared to other providers or special contracts. The breakdown of household electricity prices in 2023 showed that supply and margin, along with energy procurement, constituted the largest controllable components, amounting to 40.6 and 11.6 euro cents per kilowatt-hour, respectively. While prices have decreased since the 2022 peak, they remain higher than pre-crisis levels, underscoring the ongoing challenges in Germany's energy sector as it continues its transition towards renewable sources.

Natural gas increased 0.21 USD/MMBtu or 5.84% since the beginning of 2025, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Natural gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on March of 2025.