Domestic customers in the United Kingdom were provided with electricity and gas bill support, for consumption between 1 October 2022 and 30 June 2023. This was in the form of discounted electricity and gas prices by energy suppliers via the energy price cap.
Suppliers were reimbursed two weeks in arrears every two weeks during the operation of the scheme, based on electricity and gas settlement data and estimates of eligible customers in each supplier’s portfolio. Subsequent reconciliation payments made final corrections for settlement data and eligible customer numbers at a defined point after the scheme.
During the Energy Price Guarantee (EPG), the discount provided varied between electricity and gas consumption and between Great Britain (GB) and Northern Ireland (NI), owing to the differences in how the energy system operates. The figures in the publication are broken down accordingly:
1) Total EPG payments or charges made to energy suppliers by energy type and scheme phase, for GB.
2) Total EPG payments made to electricity suppliers by scheme phase and meter type, for NI.
3) Total EPG payments made to gas suppliers by payment period, for NI.
These data do not constitute an Official or National Statistics release.
Households in Great Britain will have their energy bills capped at ***** British pounds per year from October 2022 onwards, due to the measures introduced by the UK government in September of 2022. This will result in savings of around ***** for the average household, compared with the previous price cap, which was set to increase to ***** per year.
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The average wholesale electricity price in September 2025 in the United Kingdom is forecast to amount to*******British pounds per megawatt-hour, a decrease from the previous month. A record high was reached in August 2022 when day-ahead baseload contracts averaged ***** British pounds per megawatt-hour. Electricity price stabilization in Europe Electricity prices increased in 2024 compared to the previous year, when prices stabilized after the energy supply shortage. Price spikes were driven by the growing wholesale prices of natural gas and coal worldwide, which are among the main sources of power in the region.
… and in the United Kingdom? The United Kingdom was one of the countries with the highest electricity prices worldwide during the energy crisis. Since then, prices have been stabilizing, almost to pre-energy crisis levels. The use of nuclear, wind, and bioenergy for electricity generation has been increasing recently. The fuel types are an alternative to fossil fuels and are part of the country's power generation plans going into the future.
In Great Britain, the least expensive tariff for a domestic dual fuel and direct debit customer with large legacy suppliers was around *** British pounds sterling less than the average standard variable tariff in October 2024. In that same month, the average standard variable tariff for large legacy suppliers were just below the price cap of ***** British pounds sterling set by the Energy Price Guarantee (EPG) for the last quarter of 2024.
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UK Electricity decreased 19.14 GBP/MWh or 18.68% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United Kingdom Electricity Price.
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The Electricity Supply industry has developed considerably since its liberalisation in 1999. Following a period in which the Big Six suppliers dominated, energy regulator Ofgem endeavoured to introduce greater competition to the market as part of attempts to drive down energy bills. Major mergers and acquisitions effectively brought the dominance of the former Big Six suppliers to an end at the end of 2019-20. Along with weakening electricity consumption, swelling competition has applied further pressure on revenue in recent years. Electricity suppliers' revenue is slated to climb at a compound annual rate of 6.2% to reach £52.1 billion over the five years through 2025-26. With suppliers bound by the energy price cap, soaring wholesale prices led to widening operating losses in 2021-22, albeit with a modest revenue recovery from pandemic-induced lows. A renewed spike in wholesale prices led to a continued wave of insolvencies among energy suppliers going into 2022-23, with 31 suppliers falling victim to the energy crisis. Soaring non-domestic energy bills and significant hikes to the SVT price cap spurred significant revenue growth in 2022-23, while the transfer of customer accounts from failed suppliers reinstated the dominance of major suppliers. The introduction of the Energy Price Guarantee (EPG) and support for business energy customers prevented energy prices from spiralling out of control going into 2023-24. A faster-than-anticipated drop in wholesale electricity prices has since eased pressure on operating profit and caused revenue to come-down. However, wholesale prices and energy bills remain significantly above levels seen prior to the energy crisis. Revenue is forecast to decline by 4.5% in the current year. Revenue is forecast to creep up at a compound annual rate of 0.1% over the five years through 2030-31, reaching £52.3 billion. Prices will remain elevated in the medium term as concerns surrounding supplies of Russian fossil fuels into Europe inflate wholesale costs. Wholesale prices are set to stabilise in the long term, spurring tariff reductions. The continued drop in electricity consumption is also set to limit growth prospects in the coming years.
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Daily data showing the System Price of electricity, and rolling seven-day average, in Great Britain. These are official statistics in development. Source: Elexon.
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Ireland, Italy, and Germany had some of the highest household electricity prices worldwide, as of March 2025. At the time, Irish households were charged around 0.45 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour, while in Italy, the price stood at 0.43 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. By comparison, in Russia, residents paid almost 10 times less. What is behind electricity prices? Electricity prices vary widely across the world and sometimes even within a country itself, depending on factors like infrastructure, geography, and politically determined taxes and levies. For example, in Denmark, Belgium, and Sweden, taxes constitute a significant portion of residential end-user electricity prices. Reliance on fossil fuel imports Meanwhile, thanks to their great crude oil and natural gas production output, countries like Iran, Qatar, and Russia enjoy some of the cheapest electricity prices in the world. Here, the average household pays less than 0.1 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. In contrast, countries heavily reliant on fossil fuel imports for electricity generation are more vulnerable to market price fluctuations.
Quarterly statistical publication containing tables, charts and commentary covering energy prices to domestic and industrial consumers for all the major fuels, as well as presenting comparisons of fuel prices in the EU and G7 countries.
Annexes A to D are now included in the main publication.
We no longer publish a separate copy of the combined tables: we have included links to the QEP tables from the main document.
If you have questions about this content, please email: energyprices.stats@energysecurity.gov.uk
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Open Government Licence 3.0http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
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Quarterly data and statistics on energy prices to domestic and industrial consumers for all the major fuels. Accredited Official Statistics Alternative title: QEP
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Energy Inflation in the United Kingdom increased to 2.50 percent in August from 1.40 percent in July of 2025. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United Kingdom Energy Inflation.
In September 2024, industrial electricity prices in the European countries of Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom were among the highest in the world, at around **** U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. Singapore was the Asian country with the highest electricity bill worldwide at that time. Lowest electricity prices in the world The average retail electricity price in the United States was considerably lower than in most of Europe. Iceland was the European country with one of the lowest electricity bills for enterprises that month. At the bottom of the ranking were also Russia, Iraq, Qatar, Argentina, and Libya. In these countries, commercial electricity prices amounted to less than *** U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. Household electricity prices In addition, European countries had the highest household electricity prices worldwide that month, with Italy at the top of the ranking. By comparison, Iran and Ethiopia had the lowest residential electricity prices in the world.
The global energy price index stood at around 101.5 in 2024. Energy prices were on a decreasing trend that year, and forecasts suggest the price index would decrease below 80 by 2026. Price indices show the development of prices for goods or services over time relative to a base year. Commodity prices may be dependent on various factors, from supply and demand to overall economic growth. Electricity prices around the world As with overall fuel prices, electricity costs for end users are dependent on power infrastructure, technology type, domestic production, and governmental levies and taxes. Generally, electricity prices are lower in countries with great coal and gas resources, as those have historically been the main sources for electricity generation. This is one of the reasons why electricity prices are lowest in resource-rich countries such as Iran, Qatar, and Russia. Meanwhile, many European governments that have introduced renewable surcharges to support the deployment of solar and wind power and are at the same time dependent on fossil fuel imports, have the highest household electricity prices. Benchmark oil prices One of the commodities found within the energy market is oil. Oil is the main raw material for all common motor fuels, from gasoline to kerosene. In resource-poor and remote regions such as the United States' states of Alaska and Hawaii, or the European country of Cyprus, it is also one of the largest sources for electricity generation. Benchmark oil prices such as Europe’s Brent, the U.S.' WTI, or the OPEC basket are often used as indicators for the overall energy price development.
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Domestic customers in the United Kingdom were provided with electricity and gas bill support, for consumption between 1 October 2022 and 30 June 2023. This was in the form of discounted electricity and gas prices by energy suppliers via the energy price cap.
Suppliers were reimbursed two weeks in arrears every two weeks during the operation of the scheme, based on electricity and gas settlement data and estimates of eligible customers in each supplier’s portfolio. Subsequent reconciliation payments made final corrections for settlement data and eligible customer numbers at a defined point after the scheme.
During the Energy Price Guarantee (EPG), the discount provided varied between electricity and gas consumption and between Great Britain (GB) and Northern Ireland (NI), owing to the differences in how the energy system operates. The figures in the publication are broken down accordingly:
1) Total EPG payments or charges made to energy suppliers by energy type and scheme phase, for GB.
2) Total EPG payments made to electricity suppliers by scheme phase and meter type, for NI.
3) Total EPG payments made to gas suppliers by payment period, for NI.
These data do not constitute an Official or National Statistics release.