Between January and August 2020, there has been approximately 48.2 thousand deaths in England and Wales with COVID-19 as an underlying cause. As illustrated in the table, the number of deaths as a result of COVID-19 are much higher than from either pneumonia or influenza. There has been over three times the number of deaths from COVID-19 than pneumonia and influenza so far in 2020. The overall number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the UK can be found here. For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

This statistic shows the deaths with influenza as an underlying cause in England and Wales in 2023, by age and gender. In this year, influenza was the underlying cause of *** deaths for women aged 90 years and over. Respiratory disease burden in the UK As of 2023, tuberculosis cases had also been on the rise, with ***** new cases and relapses reported in 2023. The ***** age group was most affected by this respiratory disease, accounting for approximately ***** cases. Pneumonia, another serious respiratory condition, caused over ***** deaths among women aged 90 and older in the same year, with a further ***** men in the same age group having pneumonia as their underlying cause of death. Vaccination prevalence and accessibility In the years 2014-2015, **** percent of individuals aged 65 and over in the North West of England were immunized against influenza. This was the region with the highest share of elderly vaccinated against influenza, while this figure was the lowest in London, around **** percent. Community pharmacies have played a crucial role in providing seasonal influenza vaccination services – as of 2023/24, ** percent of community pharmacies in the South of England offered influenza vaccination advanced service, while in London, the figure reached ** percent.

Flu vaccine uptake (percent) in at risk individuals aged 6 months to 65 years (excluding pregnant women), who received the flu vaccination between 1st September to the end of February as recorded in the GP record. The February collection has been adopted for our end of season figures from 2017 to 2018. All previous data is the same definitions but until the end of January rather than February to consider data returning from outside the practice and later in practice vaccinations.RationaleInfluenza (also known as Flu) is a highly infectious viral illness spread by droplet infection. The flu vaccination is offered to people who are at greater risk of developing serious complications if they catch the flu. The seasonal influenza programme for England is set out in the Annual Flu Letter. Both the flu letter and the flu plan have the support of the Chief Medical Officer (CMO), Chief Pharmaceutical Officer (CPhO), and Director of Nursing.Vaccination coverage is the best indicator of the level of protection a population will have against vaccine-preventable communicable diseases. Immunisation is one of the most effective healthcare interventions available, and flu vaccines can prevent illness and hospital admissions among these groups of people. Increasing the uptake of the flu vaccine among these high-risk groups should also contribute to easing winter pressure on primary care services and hospital admissions. Coverage is closely related to levels of disease. Monitoring coverage identifies possible drops in immunity before levels of disease rise.The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) will continue to provide expert advice and monitoring of public health, including immunisation. NHS England now has responsibility for commissioning the flu programme, and GPs continue to play a key role. NHS England teams will ensure that robust plans are in place locally and that high vaccination uptake levels are reached in the clinical risk groups. For more information, see the Green Book chapter 19 on Influenza.The Annual Flu Letter sets out the national vaccine uptake ambitions each year. In 2021 to 2022, the national ambition was to achieve at least 85 percent vaccine uptake in those aged 65 and over. Prior to this, the national vaccine uptake ambition was 75 percent, in line with WHO targets.Definition of numeratorNumerator is the number of vaccinations administered during the influenza season between 1st September and the end of February.Definition of denominatorDenominator is the GP registered population on the date of extraction including patients who have been offered the vaccine but refused it, as the uptake rate is measured against the overall eligible population. For more detailed information please see the user guide, available to view and download from https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/vaccine-uptake#seasonal-flu-vaccine-uptakeCaveatsRead codes are primarily used for data collection purposes to extract vaccine uptake data for patients who fall into one or more of the designated clinical risk groups. The codes identify individuals at risk, and therefore eligible for flu vaccination. However, it is important to note that there may be some individuals with conditions not specified in the recommended risk groups for vaccination, who may be offered influenza vaccine by their GP based on clinical judgement and according to advice contained in the flu letter and Green Book, and thus are likely to fall outside the listed Read codes. Therefore, this data should not be used for GP payment purposes.

Provisional counts of the number of death occurrences in England and Wales due to coronavirus (COVID-19) and influenza and pneumonia, by age, sex and place of death.

Forecast: Hospital Average Length of Stay for Acute Upper Respiratory Infections and Influenza Cases in the UK 2024 - 2028 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Over 12 million people in the United States died from all causes between the beginning of January 2020 and August 21, 2023. Over 1.1 million of those deaths were with confirmed or presumed COVID-19.

Vaccine rollout in the United States Finding a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine was an urgent health priority since the very start of the pandemic. In the United States, the first two vaccines were authorized and recommended for use in December 2020. One has been developed by Massachusetts-based biotech company Moderna, and the number of Moderna COVID-19 vaccines administered in the U.S. was over 250 million. Moderna has also said that its vaccine is effective against the coronavirus variants first identified in the UK and South Africa.

These datasets comprise the main analyses for the paper “Household Transmission of Seasonal Coronavirus Infections: Results from the Flu Watch cohort study”, published in Wellcome Open Research. Details of the statistical methods are reported in the article. Datasets are given in CSV format and, where relevant, in .dta format. Descriptions for each dataset are as follows:

Household_CoV_acquired.csv/dta – data required to compute the proportion of cases presumably acquired outside of the household versus and the proportion acquired from household transmission. Each row represents an anonymised PCR-confirmed seasonal coronavirus case.

Household_CoV_TransmissionRisk.csv/dta – data required to compute the risk of symptomatic onward household transmission following a seasonal coronavirus index case, and perform stratified descriptive analyses.

Household_CoV_SAR.csv/.dta – data required to compute the seasonal coronavirus secondary attack risk overall and by strain. Each row represents an anonymised exposed-index pair from a given outbreak.

HH Transmission Serial Interval.csv – presents available, anonymised data required to compute the median clinical-onset serial interval overall and by strain for each household outbreak

Forecast: Total Influenza Vaccination Rates in the UK 2022 - 2026 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Forecast: Influenza Mortality in the UK 2023 - 2027 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Our statistical practice is regulated by the Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR). The OSR sets the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics that all producers of official statistics should adhere to.

Pre-release access lists for these reports.

For annual publications for previous winter periods, please see:

• winter 2023 to 2024 report
• winter 2022 to 2023 report
• reports for https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20220401215804/https:/www.gov.uk/government/statistics/annual-flu-reports" class="govuk-link">winter 2012 to 2013 to winter 2020 to 2021, published by Public Health England (PHE)
• reports for https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20140629102650/http:/www.hpa.org.uk/Publications/InfectiousDiseases/Influenza/" class="govuk-link">winter 2010 to 2011 and winter 2011 to 2012, published by the Health Protection Agency (HPA)

Flu vaccine uptake (%) in school aged children from Reception to Year 6 (age 4 to 11 year olds) between 1st September to the end of January.RationaleInfluenza (also known as Flu) is a highly infectious viral illness spread by droplet infection. The flu vaccination is offered to people who are at greater risk of developing serious complications if they catch the flu. The seasonal influenza programme for England is set out in the Annual Flu Letter. Both the flu letter and the flu plan have the support of the Chief Medical Officer (CMO), Chief Pharmaceutical Officer (CPhO), and Director of Nursing.Vaccination coverage is the best indicator of the level of protection a population will have against vaccine-preventable communicable diseases. Immunisation is one of the most effective healthcare interventions available, and flu vaccines can prevent illness and hospital admissions among these groups of people. Increasing the uptake of the flu vaccine among these high-risk groups should also contribute to easing winter pressure on primary care services and hospital admissions. Coverage is closely related to levels of disease. Monitoring coverage identifies possible drops in immunity before levels of disease rise.The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) will continue to provide expert advice and monitoring of public health, including immunisation. NHS England now has responsibility for commissioning the flu programme, and GPs continue to play a key role. NHS England teams will ensure that robust plans are in place locally and that high vaccination uptake levels are reached in the clinical risk groups. For more information, see the Green Book chapter 19 on Influenza.The Annual flu letter sets out the national vaccine uptake ambitions each year. In 2021 to 2022, the national ambition was to achieve at least 70% vaccine uptake in school aged children in Reception to Year 6 (age 4 to 11 years old).Definition of numeratorThe total number of children in the respective eligible age cohort that have received at least one dose of influenza vaccine from 1 September in school, pharmacy, and general practice.Definition of denominatorThe total number of children eligible for influenza vaccination in the LA geography and children educated out of school in the LA geography, defined by child age on 31 AugustCaveatsData for ICBs are estimated from local authority data. In most cases, ICBs are coterminous with local authorities, so the ICB figures are precise. In cases where local authorities cross ICB boundaries, the local authority data are proportionally split between ICBs, based on the population located in each ICB.The affected ICBs are:Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon and WiltshireBedfordshire, Luton and Milton KeynesBuckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire WestCambridgeshire and PeterboroughFrimleyHampshire and Isle of WightHertfordshire and West EssexHumber and North YorkshireLancashire and South CumbriaNorfolk and WaveneyNorth East and North CumbriaSuffolk and North East EssexSurrey HeartlandsSussexWest YorkshireRead codes are primarily used for data collection purposes to extract vaccine uptake data for patients who fall into one or more of the designated clinical risk groups. The codes identify individuals at risk and therefore eligible for flu vaccination. However, it is important to note that there may be some individuals with conditions not specified in the recommended risk groups for vaccination, who may be offered influenza vaccine by their GP based on clinical judgement and according to advice contained in the flu letter and Green Book, and thus may fall outside the listed read codes. Therefore, it is important to note that for the reasons mentioned, this data should not be used for GP payment purposes.This collection is regularly submitted for approval from the Data Coordination Board (DCB).

Forecast: Hospital Discharges for Acute Upper Respiratory Infections and Influenza Cases in the UK 2024 - 2028 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

WHO: Influenza A (H1N1): Confirmed Cases: United Kingdom data was reported at 7,447.000 Unit in 06 Jul 2009. This stayed constant from the previous number of 7,447.000 Unit for 05 Jul 2009. WHO: Influenza A (H1N1): Confirmed Cases: United Kingdom data is updated daily, averaging 229.000 Unit from Apr 2009 (Median) to 06 Jul 2009, with 74 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,447.000 Unit in 06 Jul 2009 and a record low of 0.000 Unit in 26 Apr 2009. WHO: Influenza A (H1N1): Confirmed Cases: United Kingdom data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Health Organization. The data is categorized under High Frequency Database’s Disease Outbreaks – Table WHO.D002: World Heath Organization: Influenza A (H1N1): By Countries.

Smoking is a leading preventable cause of chronic diseases like circulatory disease, cancer, and chronic lung conditions, worsening outcomes in acute illnesses. Despite reductions from public health campaigns, 13-16% of the UK population still smoke, with higher rates in hospital admissions. Smoking-related admissions cost over £870,000 annually, prompting a focus on smoking cessation, particularly in secondary care, where targeted interventions are effective. Influenza often leads to severe complications in hospitals, such as ICU admission and death, especially in older adults and those with chronic respiratory conditions. Smoking increases risks of mortality and ICU admission in influenza cases, but UK-specific data, especially on seasonal influenza, is limited. Updated data on high-risk groups, including smokers, is crucial to guide interventions. This dataset of 26,047 admissions between Jan 2018 and Jul 2024 with influenza, includes demography, serial physiology, assessments, diagnostic codes (ICD-10 & SNOMED-CT), initial presentation, ventilation, ICU transfers, prescriptions and outcomes. Geography: The West Midlands (WM) has a population of 6 million & includes a diverse ethnic & socio-economic mix. UHB is one of the largest NHS Trusts in England, providing direct acute services & specialist care across four hospital sites, with 2.2 million patient episodes per year, 2750 beds & > 120 ITU bed capacity. UHB runs a fully electronic healthcare record (EHR) (PICS; Birmingham Systems), a shared primary & secondary care record (Your Care Connected) & a patient portal “My Health”. Data set availability: Data access is available via the PIONEER Hub for projects which will benefit the public or patients. This can be by developing a new understanding of disease, by providing insights into how to improve care, or by developing new models, tools, treatments, or care processes. Data access can be provided to NHS, academic, commercial, policy and third sector organisations. Applications from SMEs are welcome. There is a single data access process, with public oversight provided by our public review committee, the Data Trust Committee. Contact pioneer@uhb.nhs.uk or visit www.pioneerdatahub.co.uk for more details. Available supplementary data: Matched controls; ambulance and community data. Unstructured data (images). We can provide the dataset in OMOP and other common data models and can build synthetic data to meet bespoke requirements. Available supplementary support: Analytics, model build, validation & refinement; A.I. support. Data partner support for ETL (extract, transform & load) processes. Bespoke and “off the shelf” Trusted Research Environment (TRE) build and run. Consultancy with clinical, patient & end-user and purchaser access/ support. Support for regulatory requirements. Cohort discovery. Data-driven trials and “fast screen” services to assess population size.