In 2022, several locations across the United Kingdom exceeded temperatures of more than ** degrees Celsius for the time time on record. The village of Coningsby in eastern England reached **** degrees Celsius on July 19, 2022. That same day, temperatures at Heathrow and St James's Park in London, as well as Pitsford, Northamptonshire, also recorded a maximum temperature of over ** degrees Celsius. 2022 was the UK's hottest year on record.

The United Kingdom's hottest summer ever recorded was in 2018, with an average temperature of ***** degrees Celsius. Meanwhile, 2023 saw the eighth hottest summer in the UK, with an average temperature of ***** degrees. In the last couple of decades, five of the top 10 warmest summers in the UK were recorded. New temperature records in 2022 In summer 2022, record-breaking temperatures of more than ** degrees Celsius were recorded at several locations across the UK. Accordingly, 2022 was also the UK's warmest year on record, with the average annual temperature rising above ** degrees Celsius for the first time. Since temperature recording began in ****, the hottest years documented in the country have all occurred after 2003. England: the warmest country in the UK Amongst the countries that comprise the United Kingdom, England has generally seen the highest annual mean temperatures. In 2022, England’s average temperature also reached a new record high, at nearly ** degrees Celsius. And while it’s not a typical sight in the United Kingdom, England also registered the most hours of sunshine on average, with Scotland being the gloomiest country out of the four.

The United Kingdom recorded its hottest-ever year in 2022, with an average temperature of ***** degrees Celsius. Since the start of temperature recording in ****, the ** warmest years recorded in the UK have been from 2003 onwards. Weather conditions are predicted to become more extreme due to climate change.

While 2023 ranked as England's second-hottest year in over a century, the highest mean temperature in the country was recorded one year earlier, at an average of 10.93 degrees Celsius. This was almost one degree warmer than the average UK temperature that year. England's hottest ever summer was also recorded in 2022, with temperatures averaging 17.1 degrees Celsius. Nine of England's 10 hottest years have all been recorded since 2006.

The highest average temperature recorded in 2024 until November was in August, at 16.8 degrees Celsius. Since 2015, the highest average daily temperature in the UK was registered in July 2018, at 18.7 degrees Celsius. The summer of 2018 was the joint hottest since institutions began recording temperatures in 1910. One noticeable anomaly during this period was in December 2015, when the average daily temperature reached 9.5 degrees Celsius. This month also experienced the highest monthly rainfall in the UK since before 2014, with England, Wales, and Scotland suffering widespread flooding. Daily hours of sunshine Unsurprisingly, the heat wave that spread across the British Isles in 2018 was the result of particularly sunny weather. July 2018 saw an average of 8.7 daily sun hours in the United Kingdom. This was more hours of sun than was recorded in July 2024, which only saw 5.8 hours of sun. Temperatures are on the rise Since the 1960s, there has been an increase in regional temperatures across the UK. Between 1961 and 1990, temperatures in England averaged nine degrees Celsius, and from 2013 to 2022, average temperatures in the country had increased to 10.3 degrees Celsius. Due to its relatively southern location, England continues to rank as the warmest country in the UK.

England's hottest summers ever recorded were in 2022 and 2018, both with an average temperature of **** degrees Celsius. During summer 2022, record-breaking temperatures exceeding ** degrees Celsius were reached at several locations in England, such as Heathrow and St James's Park in London.

England's highest monthly mean air temperatures are typically recorded in July and August of each year. Since 2015, the warmest mean temperature was measured in July 2018 at 18.8 degrees Celsius. On the other hand, February of that same year registered the coolest temperature, at 2.6 degrees Celsius. In September 2025, the mean air temperature was 13.8 degrees Celsius, matching the figure recorded the same month the previous year. The English weather England is the warmest region in the United Kingdom and the driest. In 2024, the average annual temperature in England amounted to 10.73 degrees Celsius – around 1.1 degrees above the national mean. That same year, precipitation in England stood at about 1,020 millimeters. By contrast, Scotland – the wettest region in the UK – recorded over 1,500 millimeters of rainfall in 2024. Temperatures on the rise Throughout the last decades, the average temperature in the United Kingdom has seen an upward trend, reaching a record high in 2022. Global temperatures have experienced a similar pattern over the same period. This gradual increase in the Earth's average temperature is primarily due to various human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, which lead to the emission of greenhouse gases. This phenomenon has severe consequences, including more frequent and intense weather events, rising sea levels, and adverse effects on human health and the environment.

Since January 2015, the highest maximum monthly temperature in England was measured in July 2018, at 24.8 degrees Celsius. July temperatures declined in the following years, and measured 22.9 degrees Celsius in 2025. Further information about the weather in the United Kingdom can be found here.

National Grid ESO is the electricity system operator for Great Britain. They have gathered information of the electricity demand in Great Britain from 2009. The is updated twice an hour, which means 48 entries per day. This makes this dataset ideal for time series forecasting.

File information

The dataset consists of three type of files: - Historic_demand_year_20xx.csv: electricity demand in that year - Historic_demand_year_2009_2024.csv: all the yearly datasets merged in one - Historic_demand_year_2009_2024_noNaN.csv: same as above, but NaN values have been removed and the date includes the hour as opposed to only the day

Columns

The columns in the dataset are: * SETTLEMET_DATA: date in format dd/mm/yyyy * SETTLEMENT_PERIOD: half hourly period for the historic outtunr occurred * ND (National Demand). National Demand is the sum of metered generation, but excludes generation required to meet station load, pump storage pumping and interconnector exports. National Demand is calculated as a sum of generation based on National Grid ESO operational generation metering. Measured in MW. * TSD (Transmission System Demand). Transmission System Demand is equal to the ND plus the additional generation required to meet station load, pump storage pumping and interconnector exports. Measured in MW. * ENGLAND_WALES_DEMAND. England and Wales Demand, as ND above but on an England and Wales basis. Measured in MW. * EMBEDDED_WIND_GENERATION. This is an estimate of the GB wind generation from wind farms which do not have Transmission System metering installed. These wind farms are embedded in the distribution network and invisible to National Grid ESO. Their effect is to suppress the electricity demand during periods of high wind. The true output of these generators is not known so an estimate is provided based on National Grid ESO’s best model. Measured in MW. * EMBEDDED_WIND_CAPACITY. This is National Grid ESO’s best view of the installed embedded wind capacity in GB. This is based on publicly available information compiled from a variety of sources and is not the definitive view. It is consistent with the generation estimate provided above. Measured in MW * EMBEDDED_SOLAR_GENERATION. This is an estimate of the GB solar generation from PV panels. These are embedded in the distribution network and invisible to National Grid ESO. Their effect is to suppress the electricity demand during periods of high radiation. The true output of these generators is not known so an estimate is provided based on National Grid ESO’s best model. Measured in MW. * EMBEDDED_SOLAR_CAPACITY. As embedded wind capacity above, but for solar generation. Measured in MW. * NON_BM_STOR (Non-Balancing Mechanism SHort-Term Operating Reserve). For units that are not included in the ND generator definition. This can be in the form of generation or demand reduction. Measured in MW. * PUMP_STORAGE_PUMPING. The demand due to pumping at hydro pump storage units; the -ve signifies pumping load. * IFA_FLOW (IFA Interconnector Flow). The flow on on the respective interconnector. -ve signifies export power out from GB; +ve signifies import power into GB. Measured in MW. * IFA2_FLOW (IFA Interconnector Flow). The flow on the respective interconnector. -ve signifies export power out from GB; +ve signifies import power into GB. Measured in MW. * MOYLE_FLOW (Moyle Interconnector FLow). The flow on the respective interconnector. -ve signifies export power out from GB; +ve signifies import power into GB. Measured in MW. * EAST_WEST_FLOW (East West Innterconnector FLow). The flow on the respective interconnector. -ve signifies export power out from GB; +ve signifies import power into GB. Measured in MW. * NEMO_FLOW (Nemo Interconnector FLow). The flow on the respective interconnector. -ve signifies export power out from GB; +ve signifies import power into GB. Measured in MW. * NSL_FLOW (North Sea Link Interconnector Flow). The flow on the respective interconnector. -ve signifies export power out from GB; +ve signifies import power into GB. Measured in MW. * ELCLINK_FLOW. Blank

Monthly maximum temperatures in the United Kingdom (UK) tend to follow a similar pattern, with maximum temperatures typically highest in July and August. The warmest maximum temperature was in July 2018, at 22.6 degrees Celsius. During this period the lowest maximum temperature, 4.9 degrees Celsius, was measured in January 2021.

Up to now, the UK has avoided major marine heatwaves (MHWs) that cause severe damage to marine ecosystems and the blue economy. However, an unprecedented in its intensity, though short-lived, MHW occurred in UK waters in June 2023. This event sounded an alarm bell, highlighting gaps in our understanding of MHW characteristics and their potential future impacts in the UK. Here, we use a combination of remote sensing data and model output to characterise MHWs and Marine Cold Spells (MCSs) around the UK and the wider North Atlantic, and to assess the potential for concurrent biogeochemical extreme events. Results indicate that across the wider North Atlantic, the UK is not a hot spot for MHWs or MCSs but, regionally, the southern North Sea experiences the most activity. This is also the location of extreme chlorophyll-a concentrations, here termed blue waves (low chlorophyll-a) and green waves (high chlorophyll-a). However, there is not a very pronounced relationship between temperature and chlorophyll-a extremes, which may be impacted by the exact location, drivers and season of occurrence. In contrast, the southern North Sea and English Channel may experience a MHW and low near-bottom oxygen compound events year-round, which, due to the combination of thermal stress and reduced oxygen availability, may negatively impact benthic marine ecosystems. While MHWs in UK waters do not appear to be as long-lasting or intense as other well-documented events around the world, they are projected to increase. Thus, the UK has a unique opportunity to learn from other nations and so develop robust and comprehensive policies to increase preparedness and response capability for future extreme events.

The NSF-supported research icebreaker Nathaniel B. Palmer operates year-round in support of the U.S. Antarctic Program, carrying out global change studies in biological, chemical, physical, and oceanographic disciplines. This data set consists of underway data from leg NBP1701 on the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer. This leg started at McMurdo Station and ended at Punta Arenas, Chile.

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Thermostatic Radiator Valve Market Size 2024-2028

The thermostatic radiator valve market size is forecast to increase by USD 826.55 billion at a CAGR of 8.37% between 2023 and 2028.

The thermostatic radiator valve (TRV) market is experiencing significant growth due to several key trends. One of the primary drivers is the increasing adoption of condensing boilers in heating systems, which has led to a higher demand for TRVs to optimize temperature control and energy efficiency. Additionally, the market is experiencing an increasing number of TRV launches, catering to diverse customer needs and preferences, particularly in the boiler and construction sectors, where energy efficiency and climate control are in high demand. However, intense pricing pressure due to the availability of local and low-priced TRVs poses a challenge to market growth. Despite this, the market is expected to continue expanding as consumers prioritize energy savings and comfort In their homes.

What will be the Size of the Thermostatic Radiator Valve Market During the Forecast Period?

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The thermostatic radiator valve (TRV) market is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing demand for advanced heating system solutions that offer improved room temperature control and energy efficiency. TRVs operate by regulating the flow of hot water to individual radiators based on the desired temperature setting, resulting in more consistent room temperatures and reduced energy waste. TRV designs come in various forms, including liquid and wax models, each with their unique advantages. Installation of TRVs is relatively straightforward, and while initial costs may be higher than manual radiator valves, the long-term energy savings and temperature control benefits make up for the investment.



Maintenance requirements for TRVs are minimal, and heating zones can be easily managed with the use of temperature control systems and thermostats. Building regulations increasingly require the use of heating controls to ensure energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. Common problems with TRVs include draughts affecting temperature settings and furniture blocking valve mechanisms. Troubleshooting can be facilitated through a numbering system on the valves, allowing for easy identification and resolution of issues. TRVs are compatible with both boiler systems and room thermostats, making them a versatile solution for various heating applications. Heating efficiency is improved through precise temperature control, and cost considerations should factor In the long-term energy savings.

How is this Thermostatic Radiator Valve Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The thermostatic radiator valve industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Product Type

  Electronic TRV
  Self-operate TRV


End-user

  Commercial
  Residential


Geography

  Europe

    Germany
    UK


  APAC

    China
    Japan


  North America

    US


  Middle East and Africa



  South America

By Product Type Insights

The electronic TRV segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The thermostatic radiator valve (TRV) market is driven by the increasing demand for cost savings, home comfort, and energy bill reduction. Electronic TRVs, which are the largest segment of this market, have gained popularity due to their advanced functionality. These smart TRVs enable room-by-room heating control through collaboration with a thermostat kit, creating a zonal heating system. Users can manage these eTRVs remotely via smartphone apps or voice assistants, making them an integral part of smart heating systems. By allowing precise temperature control, eTRVs contribute significantly to energy savings and improved home comfort.

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The Electronic TRV segment was valued at USD 1.06 billion in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

Europe is estimated to contribute 42% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.

Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

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The European market holds a significant share of the global thermostatic radiator valve (TRV) market, driven by the widespread adoption of heating systems due to extreme cold weather conditions. Major contributors to this market include Germany, the UK, and France. According to the European Building Automation Controls Association, approximately

The NSF-supported research icebreaker Laurence M. Gould operates year-round in support of the U.S. Antarctic Program, carrying out global change studies in biological, chemical, physical, and oceanographic disciplines.

This data set consists of underway data from leg LMG1311 on the R/V Laurence M. Gould. This leg started at Punta Arenas, Chile and ended at Punta Arenas, Chile.

The United Kingdom recorded an average temperature of ** degrees Celsius in 2023, the highest mean temperature since 1961. Throughout the period in consideration, England experienced the hottest temperatures on average. Furthermore, in each country across the United Kingdom, the average temperature between 2014 and 2023 was warmer than the average for 1961 to 1990.

Meteorological data acquired on board the R/V Hespérides with an AANDERAA Scanning Unit 3010 Station in continuous mode during the ELEFANTE-12 cruise

The average temperature across the United Kingdom presented a trend of continuous growth since 1961. During the first period, from 1961 to 1990, the country recorded an average temperature of *** degrees Celsius. In the next period, from 1991 to 2020, the UK's average temperature increased by *** degrees Celsius and increased further by *** degrees Celsius between 2014 and 2023. In the latter year, figures remained at ** degrees Celsius, *** degrees warmer than the average recorded between 1961 and 1990, illustrating the effects of climate change. Nevertheless, 2022 was the warmest year in the United Kingdom.

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Residential Air To Water Heat Pump Market Size 2025-2029

The residential air to water heat pump market size is forecast to increase by USD 9.5 billion at a CAGR of 6.9% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing demand for energy-efficient heating solutions. With rising energy costs and growing awareness of sustainability, homeowners are increasingly turning to air to water heat pumps as an alternative to traditional heating systems. These pumps offer energy savings of up to 50% compared to conventional heating methods, making them an attractive option for both new constructions and retrofits. However, the market is not without challenges. The introduction of new products from various players is intensifying competition, leading to price wars and a need for differentiation through innovation. Furthermore, alternative heating systems, such as electric and hydronic heating, also pose a threat to market growth. To capitalize on opportunities and navigate these challenges effectively, companies must focus on product innovation, cost competitiveness, and expanding their geographical reach. By offering energy-efficient, cost-effective, and technologically advanced solutions, players can differentiate themselves in the market and tap into the growing demand for sustainable heating systems.

What will be the Size of the Residential Air To Water Heat Pump Market during the forecast period?

Request Free SampleThe residential air-to-water heat pump market in the US is experiencing significant growth due to increasing energy efficiency demands and the adoption of renewable heating solutions. These systems, which include both outdoor and indoor units, provide both heating and cooling functions with a high coefficient of performance. The market's size is driven by the growing popularity of HVAC systems that supply water temperature for radiant panel heating, bathroom water heaters, and even energy management systems. The use of glycol mixtures in these systems allows for operation in colder outdoor temperatures. EnergyPlus simulation tools are increasingly being used to optimize system design and efficiency. Consumers are also attracted to the quiet operation and environmental concerns associated with these devices, which utilize refrigerant copper lines instead of traditional fossil fuels. Overall, the market's direction is towards more energy-efficient and sustainable heating and cooling solutions.

How is this Residential Air To Water Heat Pump Industry segmented?

The residential air to water heat pump industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments. TypeDomestic hot waterRoom heat pumpDistribution ChannelOfflineOnlineGeographyAPACChinaJapanSouth KoreaNorth AmericaUSEuropeFranceGermanyItalyNorwaySwedenUKSouth AmericaMiddle East and Africa

By Type Insights

The domestic hot water segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.The market is experiencing significant growth, particularly in the domestic hot water (DHW) segment. These systems effectively meet household hot water requirements for activities like bathing, cooking, and cleaning, by extracting heat from ambient air and storing it in tanks. The energy efficiency and sustainability of air to water heat pumps make them an appealing choice for energy-conscious consumers, who are seeking ways to reduce energy consumption and heating costs. The DHW segment is gaining momentum due to increasing consumer awareness and the need for eco-friendly solutions. The infrastructure development for these systems is also becoming more accessible, making installation and maintenance easier. Air to water heat pumps offer all-weather comfort with quiet operation and space savings, making them a popular alternative to traditional heating systems like boilers and gas engines. Additionally, these devices can be integrated with an energy management system, radiant panel heating, and cooling functions, providing users with greater control over their indoor climate. The market's growth is driven by regional climate variations, the availability of renewable heating sources, and the increasing demand for energy efficiency in residential retrofitting. Consumers are also attracted to the durability of these systems, which include fan coils, glycol mixtures, and energy efficiency ratings. The market is expected to continue growing as consumers prioritize energy management and environmental concerns in their urban living spaces.

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The Domestic hot water segment was valued at USD 9 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

APAC is estimated to contribute

The daily average temperature in the United Kingdom (UK) has remained relatively stable since 2001, with temperatures rarely straying below 10 degrees Celsius. In 2024, the UK had an average daily temperature of 11.9 degrees Celsius. This was the highest average daily temperature recorded since the turn of the century. British summertime Britain is not known for its blisteringly hot summer months, with the average temperatures in this season varying greatly since 1990. In 1993, the average summer temperature was as low as 13.39 degrees Celsius, whilst 2018 saw a peak of 15.8 degrees Celsius. In that same year, the highest mean temperature occurred in July at 17.2 degrees Celsius. Variable weather Due to its location and the fact that it is an island, the United Kingdom experiences a diverse range of weather, sometimes in the same day. It is in an area where five air masses meet, creating a weather front. Each brings different weather conditions, such as hot, dry air from North Africa and wet and cold air from the Arctic. Temperatures across the UK tend to be warmest in England.

The annual mean temperature in the United Kingdom has fluctuated greatly since 1990. Temperatures during this period were at their highest in 2022, surpassing ** degrees Celsius. In 2010, the mean annual temperature stood at **** degrees, the lowest recorded during this time. Daily temperatures Average daily temperatures have remained stable since the turn of the century, rarely dropping below ** degrees Celsius. In 2010, they dropped to a low of **** degrees Celsius. The peak average daily temperature was recorded in 2022 when it reached **** degrees. This was an increase of *** degree Celsius compared to the long-term mean, and the most positive deviation during the period of consideration. Highs and lows The maximum average temperature recorded across the UK since 2015 was in July 2018. This month saw a maximum temperature of **** degrees Celsius. In comparison, the lowest monthly minimum temperature was in February of the same year, at just minus *** degrees. This was an especially cold February, as the previous year the minimum temperature for this month was *** degrees.