In the 3 years to March 2021, black households were most likely out of all ethnic groups to have a weekly income of under £600.

In March 2025, the top one percent of earners in the United Kingdom received an average pay of over 16,000 British pounds per month, compared with the bottom ten percent of earners who earned around 800 pounds a month.

The median annual earnings in the United Kingdom was 37,430 British pounds per year in 2024. Annual earnings varied significantly by region, ranging from 47,455 pounds in London to 32,960 pounds in the North East. Along with London, two other areas of the UK had median annual earnings above the UK average; South East England, and Scotland, at 39,038 pounds and 38,315 pounds respectively. Regional Inequality in the UK Various other indicators highlight the degree of regional inequality in the UK, especially between London and the rest of the country. Productivity in London, as measured by output per hour, was 26.2 percent higher than the UK average. By comparison, every other UK region, except the South East, fell below the UK average for productivity. In gross domestic product per head, London was also an outlier. The average GDP per head in the UK was just over 37,000 pounds in 2023, but for London it was almost 64,000 pounds. Again, the South East's GDP per head was slightly above the UK average, with every other region below it. Within London itself, there is also a great degree of inequality. In 2023, for example, the average earnings in Kensington and Chelsea were 964 pounds per week, compared with 675 pounds in Barking and Dagenham. Wages continue to grow in 2025 In March 2025, weekly wages in the UK were growing by around 5.6 percent, or 1.8 percent when adjusted for inflation. For almost two years, wages have grown faster than inflation after a long period where prices were rising faster than wages between 2021 and 2023. This was due to a sustained period of high inflation in the UK, which peaked in October 2022 at 11.1 percent. Although inflation started to slow the following month, it wasn't until June 2023 that wages started to outpace inflation. By this point, the damage caused by high energy and food inflation had led to the the worst Cost of Living Crisis in the UK for a generation.

75% of households from the Bangladeshi ethnic group were in the 2 lowest income quintiles (after housing costs were deducted) between April 2021 and March 2024.

Households in the bottom decile in the United Kingdom earned, on average, ****** British pounds per year in 2022/23, compared with the top decile which earned ******* pounds per year.

By 2030, the middle-class population in Asia-Pacific is expected to increase from 1.38 billion people in 2015 to 3.49 billion people. In comparison, the middle-class population of sub-Saharan Africa is expected to increase from 114 million in 2015 to 212 million in 2030.

Worldwide wealth

While the middle-class has been on the rise, there is still a huge disparity in global wealth and income. The United States had the highest number of individuals belonging to the top one percent of wealth holders, and the value of global wealth is only expected to increase over the coming years. Around 57 percent of the world’s population had assets valued at less than 10,000 U.S. dollars; while less than one percent had assets of more than million U.S. dollars. Asia had the highest percentage of investable assets in the world in 2018, whereas Oceania had the highest percent of non-investable assets.

The middle-class

The middle class is the group of people whose income falls in the middle of the scale. China accounted for over half of the global population for middle-class wealth in 2017. In the United States, the debate about the middle class “disappearing” has been a popular topic due to the increase in wealth to the top billionaires in the nation. Due to this, there have been arguments to increase taxes on the rich to help support the middle-class.

In 2023, the highest average amount of disposable income for any age group occurred in the 35 to 44-year-old group, while the age group with the lowest average disposable income were those aged 85 and over.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. This resource arose out of research into the date of origin, characteristics, and scale of age-specific salaries, and the relative earnings among the British middle class between 1750 and 1850. Main Topics: This resource lists by name, occupation, year, department, and years of experience of clerks employed in the British East India Company between 1760 and 1850. It provides an indication of middle class incomes received by a significant group of men in the middle and upper sections of London's middle class during the classic years of the British industrial revolution. No sampling (total universe) Transcription of existing materials Compilation or synthesis of existing material

Between 2018 and 2022, people in households in the ‘other’, Asian and black ethnic groups were the most likely to be in persistent low income, both before and after housing costs, out of all ethnic groups.

This resource arose out of research into the date of origin, characteristics, and scale of age-specific salaries, and the relative earnings among the British middle class between 1750 and 1850.

In 2021, 20.1% of people from the Indian ethnic group were in higher managerial and professional occupations – the highest percentage out of all ethnic groups in this socioeconomic group.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. To collect social, demographic, electoral and linguistic data for each of 118 British and Irish counties in the period 1851 - 1966, in order to study national development in the UK and Ireland. Main Topics: Variables County. Population: growth, proportion aged 65 and over, sex ratio, density, marriage rate, per capita income, proportion in agriculture/manufacturing/middle class/civil service, proportion who were female domestics. Proportion urban, city size, index of ethnic diversity, vote residual and income residual. Proportion voting Conservative, Labour, Liberal, Nationalist Party. Proportion Celtic speakers. Religiosity, literacy. Proportion of Church of England, non-conformists, Roman Catholics. Proportion English born, Welsh born, Scottish, Irish and French. Voting turnout, birth rate, infant mortality rate. See Hechter (AJS 79 2 Sept 1973). Please note: this study does not include information on named individuals and would therefore not be useful for personal family history research. No information recorded Compilation or synthesis of existing material

With few dissenting voices, the historiography of twentieth-century British civil society has been relayed through a prism of continuing and escalating elite disengagement. Within a paradigm of declinism, academics, politicians, and social commentators have contrasted a nineteenth and early twentieth century past, offering a richness of social commitment, against a present characterized by lowering standards in urban governance and civic disengagement. Put simply, as we entered the twentieth century the right sorts of people were no longer volunteering. Yet the data for such claims is insubstantial for we lack detailed empirical studies of social trends of urban volunteering across the first fifty years of the twentieth century. This dataset fills that void. It offers details of those involved in local politics, who were magistrates or poor law guardians, or who helped manage or represent one of 34 voluntary associations serving one ‘typical’ large city - Nottingham - and the surrounding county between 1900 and 1950. The sample covers a range of voluntary activities from the smallest to the largest of charities and associations. Three quarters of people captured by the data set lived within the city boundary. The clear majority of those sampled were middle class, only 10 per cent being working class, and 1.5 per cent upper class. Within this middle class there were major disparities in wealth, income, status, lifestyle, and self-view. Broken down, about 29 per cent of the sample overall were upper middle class, 43 per cent middle middle class, and 17 per cent lower middle class. Middle-class numbers in Nottingham, at about 22.5 per cent of the population, were roughly comparable with other Northern or Midland industrial cities. Its occupational distribution also approximately mirrored that of England.

The project adopted a broad approach, employing quantitative as well as qualitative methods. It covered both public and private forms of risk protection, and it analysed attitudes as well as actual behavior. First, we reviewed Britain's current 'mixed economy of welfare' in the aforementioned five key areas. We mapped the social programmes, occupational schemes and private options that have been available since the early 1990s. The second phase was based on quantitative data analysis, making use of the Family Resources Survey (FRS) and the ABI Risk and Protection Survey. We analysed the take-up of insurances and how it was influenced by attitudes and socio-demographic characteristics. Third, we conducted 61 qualitative interviews, where we explored personal risk management strategies of middle-income households from Scotland and England. The main result was a typology of risk management rationales that guide household economies. This stage also explored the ramifications of the recent financial uncertainties and economic downturn. Comparing England and Scotland, the purpose was to review Britain's current 'mixed economy of welfare' in key areas: unemployment, sickness, costs of higher education for children, retirement and infirmity in old age. The aim was to map the types of statutory protection against such risks and contingencies and examine changes in the scope of public provision. In parallel, we will examine the scope of non-statutory (occupational and personal) provision, investigating how 'private welfare markets' have developed since the early 1990s. The second phase is based on quantitative data analysis of household savings and investment behaviour in insurances and private market-based contracts for risk protection. Finally, via qualitative interviews, we explore personal risk management of socially and economically similar families from Scotland and England. This stage will also explore the potential ramifications of the most recent financial uncertainties and economic downturn. The project investigated risk management strategies of above average income households in England and Scotland. In the UK especially those with above average incomes are often assumed to have access to or seek private forms of risk protection, partly based on company provision or private voluntary protection complementing or substituting public social protection. The project investigated how households protect themselves against income loss due to unemployment, sickness or retirement and plan for expenses like long term care and higher education costs. We focused our analysis on how households balance these risks between public, occupational and private forms of protection. Moreover, we explored how the recent financial crisis has influenced the attitudes and behavior of households regarding their personal protection. The project sought to answer how and why some middle class households plan for contingencies and engage in private risk management strategies while others do not.

UK Biohacking Market growth is driven by increasing internet penetration, wellness trends, and growing middle-class income levels.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.BackgroundThe British Social Attitudes (BSA) survey series began in 1983. The series is designed to produce annual measures of attitudinal movements to complement large-scale government surveys that deal largely with facts and behaviour patterns, and the data on party political attitudes produced by opinion polls. One of the BSA's main purposes is to allow the monitoring of patterns of continuity and change, and the examination of the relative rates at which attitudes, in respect of a range of social issues, change over time. Some questions are asked regularly, others less often. Funding for BSA comes from a number of sources (including government departments, the Economic and Social Research Council and other research foundations), but the final responsibility for the coverage and wording of the annual questionnaires rests with NatCen Social Research (formerly Social and Community Planning Research). The BSA has been conducted every year since 1983, except in 1988 and 1992 when core funding was devoted to the British Election Study (BES).Further information about the series and links to publications may be found on the NatCen Social Research British Social Attitudes webpage. For the second edition (October 2007), a new version of the data file was deposited. Some variables have been amended, and others removed. Please see study READ file (link below) for full details. Main Topics:Each year, the BSA interview questionnaire contains a number of 'core' questions, which are repeated in most years. In addition, a wide range of background and classificatory questions is included. The remainder of the questionnaire is devoted to a series of questions (modules) on a range of social, economic, political and moral issues - some are asked regularly, others less often. Cross-indexes of those questions asked more than once appear in the reports. Multi-stage stratified random sample See documentation for each BSA year for full details. 2005 ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT ADULTS AGE AIR TRANSPORT ANIMAL RIGHTS ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOUR APPLICATION FOR EMP... ARTHRITIS ASSAULT ASSOCIATIONS ASTROLOGY ATTITUDES AUTONOMY AT WORK BICYCLES BRITISH POLITICAL P... BULLYING BUSES CANCER CARE OF DEPENDANTS CARE OF THE DISABLED CARE OF THE ELDERLY CAREER DEVELOPMENT CARS CENSORSHIP CENTRAL GOVERNMENT CHILD BENEFITS CHILD CARE CHILD DAY CARE CHILD SAFETY CHILD SUPPORT PAYMENTS CHILDREN CITIZEN PARTICIPATION CIVIL AND POLITICAL... CLASS CONFLICT CLIMATE CHANGE CLINICAL TESTS AND ... COHABITATION COMMUNITIES COMPUTER LITERACY COMPUTERS CONDITIONS OF EMPLO... CONSERVATIVE PARTY ... CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE COUNTERTERRORISM DEAFNESS DEATH PENALTY DEBILITATIVE ILLNESS DEBTS DECENTRALIZED GOVER... DECISION MAKING DEFENCE DEGREES DEMOCRACY DENTISTS DEPRESSION DIGITAL GAMES DISABILITIES DISABLED PERSONS DIVORCE DOCTOR PATIENT RELA... DONATIONS TO CHARITY DRIVING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC CONDITIONS EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND EDUCATIONAL EXPENDI... EDUCATIONAL FEES EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES ELECTRONIC MAIL EMPLOYEES EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT HISTORY ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEM... EQUALITY BEFORE THE... ETHNIC GROUPS EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT... EUROPEAN UNION EUTHANASIA EXAMINATIONS FAMILIES FAMILY BENEFITS FAMILY ROLES FARMERS FASHION FATHERS FOOTBALL TEAM SUPPO... FRAUD FREEDOM OF SPEECH FULL TIME EMPLOYMENT GENDER GENERAL PRACTITIONERS GOVERNMENT POLICY GRANDCHILDREN GROUPS HAPPINESS HARASSMENT HEALTH HEALTH SERVICES HIGHER EDUCATION HIV INFECTIONS HOME OWNERSHIP HOSPITAL OUTPATIENT... HOSPITAL SERVICES HOURS OF WORK HOUSEHOLD BUDGETS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING HOUSING TENURE HUMAN RIGHTS HUNTING IMMIGRATION INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIES INFIDELITY INFORMAL CARE INFORMATION SOURCES INJURIES INTELLECTUAL IMPAIR... INTEREST GROUPS INTERNET ACCESS INTERNET USE INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT JOB CHANGING JOB HUNTING JOB SATISFACTION JOB SECURITY LABOUR PARTY GREAT ... LABOUR RELATIONS LANDLORDS LANGUAGES USED AT HOME LAWFUL OPPOSITION LEGISLATURE LIVING WILLS MARITAL STATUS MARRIAGE MEDICAL CARE MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT MENTAL HEALTH ATTIT... MIDDLE CLASS MONARCHY MORAL VALUES MOTHERS MOTOR VEHICLES NATIONAL ECONOMY NATIONAL IDENTITY NATIONAL PRIDE NATIONALIZATION NEIGHBOURHOODS NEWS NEWSPAPER READERSHIP NEWSPAPERS NURSES OCCUPATIONAL PENSIONS OCCUPATIONAL QUALIF... OCCUPATIONS OLD PEOPLE S CLUBS ONE PARENT FAMILIES ONLINE BANKING ONLINE SHOPPING PARENT CHILD RELATI... PARENT RESPONSIBILITY PARENT TEACHER ASSO... PART TIME EMPLOYMENT PEDESTRIANS PERSONAL IDENTIFICA... PHYSICAL DISABILITIES PHYSICIANS POLITICAL ALLEGIANCE POLITICAL ATTITUDES POLITICAL EXTREMISM POLITICAL INFLUENCE POLITICAL INTEREST POLITICAL OPPOSITION POLITICAL PARTICIPA... POLITICAL SYSTEMS POLITICIANS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE EDUCATION PRIVATE HEALTH SERV... PRIVATE PERSONAL PE... PRIVATE SECTOR PROPORTIONAL REPRES... PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS PUBLIC ENTERPRISES PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC INFORMATION PUBLIC TRANSPORT QUALIFICATIONS QUALITY OF LIFE RACIAL DISCRIMINATION RACIAL PREJUDICE RAILWAY TRANSPORT REGIONAL GOVERNMENT RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION RELIGIOUS ATTENDANCE RENTED ACCOMMODATION RETIREMENT ROAD SAFETY ROAD TAX ROAD TOLL CHARGES ROAD TRAFFIC ROAD TRAFFIC POLLUTION ROADS RURAL AREAS SAME SEX RELATIONSHIPS SATISFACTION SCHIZOPHRENIA SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOLS SELF EMPLOYED SELF GOVERNMENT SHIFT WORK SINGLE EUROPEAN CUR... SOCIAL ATTITUDES SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL CLASS SOCIAL HOUSING SOCIAL ISSUES SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL PROTEST SOCIAL SECURITY BEN... SOCIAL WELFARE EXPE... SOCIAL WELFARE PHIL... SOCIO CULTURAL CLUBS SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS SPEED LIMITS SPOUSE S ECONOMIC A... SPOUSE S EMPLOYMENT SPOUSE S OCCUPATION SPOUSES STANDARD OF LIVING STATE HEALTH SERVICES STATE RESPONSIBILITY STATE RETIREMENT PE... STRESS PSYCHOLOGICAL SUICIDE SUPERVISORY STATUS Social behaviour an... Social conditions a... TAX RELIEF TAXATION TELEPHONE HELP LINES TELEWORK TERMINATION OF SERVICE TERRORISM TRADE UNION MEMBERSHIP TRADE UNIONS TRAFFIC CALMING MEA... TRAVEL TRUST IN GOVERNMENT UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS UPPER HOUSE URBAN AREAS VEGETARIANISM VISION IMPAIRMENTS VOCATIONAL EDUCATION VOTING BEHAVIOUR WAGES WAR WEBSITES WOMEN S ORGANIZATIONS WOMEN S ROLE WORK ATTITUDE WORKERS PARTICIPATION WORKING CONDITIONS WORKING MOTHERS WORKING WOMEN WORKPLACE WORKS COUNCILS YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS

During a 2023 survey carried out among more than 3,000 marketers from the United Kingdom, it was found that marketers who identified as upper middle class had the highest average full-time earnings, with 79 thousand British pounds annually. Marketers from the skilled working class were the lowest-paid group, with 54.5 thousand pounds annually.