Mortgage rates surged at an unprecedented pace in 2022, with the average 10-year fixed rate doubling between March and December of that year. In response to mounting inflation, the Bank of England implemented a series of rate hikes, pushing borrowing costs steadily higher. By October 2025, the average 10-year fixed mortgage rate stood at **** percent. As financing becomes more expensive, housing demand has cooled, weighing on market sentiment and slowing house price growth. How have the mortgage hikes affected the market? After surging in 2021, the number of residential properties sold fell significantly in 2023, dipping to just above *** million transactions. This contraction in activity also dampened mortgage lending. Between the first quarter of 2023 and the first quarter of 2024, the value of new mortgage loans declined year-on-year for five consecutive quarters. Even as rates eased modestly in 2024 and housing activity picked up slightly, volumes remained well below the highs recorded in 2021. How are higher mortgages impacting homebuyers? For homeowners, the impact is being felt most acutely as fixed-rate deals expire. Mortgage terms in the UK typically range from two to ten years, and many borrowers who locked in historically low rates are now facing significantly higher repayments when refinancing. By the end of 2026, an estimated five million homeowners will see their mortgage deals expire. Roughly two million of these loans are projected to experience a monthly payment increase of up to *** British pounds by 2026, putting additional pressure on household budgets and constraining affordability across the market.

Home Loans in the United Kingdom decreased to 4273 GBP Million in October from 5223 GBP Million in September of 2025. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Mortgage Lending- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Mortgage Approvals in the United Kingdom decreased to 65.02 Thousand in October from 65.65 Thousand in September of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United Kingdom Mortgage Approvals - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Mortgage interest rates in Europe soared in 2022 and remained elevated in the following two years. In many countries, this resulted in mortgage interest rates across the region more than doubling. In the first quarter of 2025, the average mortgage interest rate in the UK stood at **** percent. Spain had the lowest rate, at **** percent, while Poland had the highest, at *** percent. Why did mortgage interest rates increase? Mortgage rates have risen as a result of the European Central Bank (ECB) interest rate increase. The ECB increased its interest rates to tackle inflation. As inflation calms, the ECB is expected to cut rates, which allows mortgage lenders to reduce mortgage interest rates. What is the impact of interest rates on home buying? Lower interest rates make taking out a housing loan more affordable, and thus, encourage home buying. That can be seen in many countries across Europe: In France, the number of residential properties sold rose in the years leading up to 2021, and fell as interest rates increased. The number of houses sold in the UK followed a similar trend.

The monthly number of approvals for remortgaging loans to individuals in the UK increased between 2012 and 2020, before plummeting due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the second half of 2021, remortgaging activity headed for recovery and in October 2022, there were about 50,000 approvals. However, as mortgage interest rates soared, remortgaging fell dramatically, reaching a record low of about 20,000 approvals in October 2023. House purchase mortgage approvals followed a similar trend.

The European motorcycle loan market, valued at €12 million in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. Increasing motorcycle ownership, particularly among younger demographics seeking affordable and convenient transportation, is a significant driver. Furthermore, attractive financing options offered by banks, Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs), Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), and increasingly, Fintech companies, are making motorcycle loans more accessible. The rising popularity of electric motorcycles and the introduction of innovative financing schemes tailored to these vehicles are also contributing to market growth. While potential economic slowdowns could act as a restraint, the overall trend points towards a positive outlook for the market. The segment breakdown reveals a diverse landscape, with two-wheelers dominating the vehicle type segment, while banks and NBFCs remain the leading providers of financing. Loan tenures primarily fall within the 3-5 year range, reflecting consumer preferences and lending practices. Key players like Santander Consumer Bank, BNP Paribas Personal Finance, and others are actively competing within this expanding market, indicating a high level of commercial interest and opportunity for future growth. The market’s segmentation reveals valuable insights into consumer preferences and lending practices. The predominance of loans with 3-5 year tenures suggests a balance between affordability and manageable repayment periods. The significant participation of banks and NBFCs reflects the established nature of the lending landscape, while the presence of OEMs and Fintechs highlights evolving technological and market dynamics. Geographic variations within Europe will likely exist, with countries experiencing higher motorcycle ownership rates exhibiting stronger growth. Market analysis suggests a concentration in key markets like the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Italy, reflecting both population density and existing motorcycle ownership levels. Future market trends will likely involve increasing competition amongst providers, continued innovation in financing options and products, and a growing focus on environmental sustainability reflected by loan schemes specifically designed for electric motorcycles. This in-depth report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Europe motorcycle loan market, covering the period from 2019 to 2033. It delves into market size, growth drivers, challenges, and future trends, offering valuable insights for stakeholders including banks, NBFCs, OEMs, fintech companies, and investors. The report utilizes data from the historical period (2019-2024), base year (2025), and estimated year (2025) to project the market's trajectory through the forecast period (2025-2033). Key segments analyzed include vehicle type (two-wheeler, passenger car, commercial vehicle), provider type (banks, NBFCs, OEMs, others), percentage of amount sanctioned, and loan tenure. Recent developments include: June 2023: Cairo - Contact Credit, one of Contact Financial Holding's subsidiaries, the leading non-banking financial services company, announced the launch of the motorcycle finance product. It is part of the company's plan and continuous endeavors to provide consumer finance services., February 2022: Hitachi Capital (UK) PLC, one of the top financial services providers in the UK, will soon change its name to Mitsubishi HC Capital UK PLC and begin trading as Novuna in the UK and Mitsubishi HC Capital group in Europe. It will usher in a new era for the company. Large-scale product digitization and rising levels of automation are top priorities as the industry enters this new era to improve individual and corporate customer experiences.. Key drivers for this market are: Increasing Motorcycle Ownership, Customized Loan Options. Potential restraints include: Increasing Motorcycle Ownership, Customized Loan Options. Notable trends are: Banks are the Major Provider in Europe Motorcycle Loan Market.

Business mortgages, or buy-to-let (BTL) mortgages, are a loan sold to property investors, rather than to people who want to purchase a home to live in. The number of BTL mortgage products in the UK hit ***** on May 31, 2022 and one month later, fell to *****. During the second quarter of 2022, mortgage lenders frequently changed their product ranges, as a result of the changes in the base rate of the Bank of England.

The benchmark interest rate in the United Kingdom was last recorded at 4 percent. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Mortgage interest rates in Europe soared in 2022 and remained elevated in the following two years. In many countries, this resulted in mortgage interest rates across the region more than doubling. In the fourth quarter of 2024, the average mortgage interest rate in the UK stood at 4.5 percent. Belgium had the lowest rate, at 2.89 percent, while Poland had the highest, at 7.5 percent. Why did mortgage interest rates increase? Mortgage rates have risen as a result of the European Central Bank (ECB) interest rate increase. The ECB increased its interest rates to tackle inflation. As inflation calms, the ECB is expected to cut rates, which allows mortgage lenders to reduce mortgage interest rates. What is the impact of interest rates on home buying? Lower interest rates make taking out a housing loan more affordable, and thus, encourage home buying. That can be seen in many countries across Europe: In France, the number of residential properties sold rose in the years leading up to 2021, and fell as interest rates increased. The number of houses sold in the UK followed a similar trend.

This statistic shows the amount of debt owed to lending companies in the United Kingdom between 2012 and 2016 for commercial real estate. Only UK banks have made a significant fall in the amount owed over the time period with ****** billion British pounds of debt owed in 2012 to ***** billion British pounds in 2016. Both insurance companies and other non-bank lenders have seen the amounts owed in commercial real estate debt increase.

ABSTRACT A controversy involving loan loss provisions in banks concerns their relationship with the business cycle. While international accounting standards for recognizing provisions (incurred loss model) would presumably be pro-cyclical, accentuating the effects of the current economic cycle, an alternative model, the expected loss model, has countercyclical characteristics, acting as a buffer against economic imbalances caused by expansionary or contractionary phases in the economy. In Brazil, a mixed accounting model exists, whose behavior is not known to be pro-cyclical or countercyclical. The aim of this research is to analyze the behavior of these accounting models in relation to the business cycle, using an econometric model consisting of financial and macroeconomic variables. The study allowed us to identify the impact of credit risk behavior, earnings management, capital management, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) behavior, and the behavior of the unemployment rate on provisions in countries that use different accounting models. Data from commercial banks in the United Kingdom (incurred loss), in Spain (expected loss), and in Brazil (mixed model) were used, covering the period from 2001 to 2012. Despite the accounting models of the three countries being formed by very different rules regarding possible effects on the business cycles, the results revealed a pro-cyclical behavior of provisions in each country, indicating that when GDP grows, provisions tend to fall and vice versa. The results also revealed other factors influencing the behavior of loan loss provisions, such as earning management.

Germany’s total loan balances outstanding (including credit card, personal loan, and residential mortgage balances outstanding) recorded a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.1% during the review period (2014-18) to reach €1.7tn ($1.9tn). The burden of household debt to GDP growth is lower than other developed nations around the world, as German consumers are more averse to debt and have a higher savings ratio. The German economy is characterized by income and employment growth that has provided a boost in domestic consumption. This has resulted in a consistent fall in the household debt-to-GDP ratio since 2009. Despite political tensions and an expected economic slowdown, the fall in unemployment rates and rise in gross household disposable income are expected to prevent the country’s debt from increasing further. Consequently, we estimate the total loan balances outstanding to maintain the growth trend and record a CAGR of 3.1% over the forecast period (2019-23). Read More

Repossessions occur when a borrower fails to repay their loan on time or a tenant is late on their rent, and the lender takes possession of the property. To avoid a spike in repossessions during the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) introduced measures for renters and mortgage borrowers. As a result, the number of repossessions fell to a record low in 2020. In the second quarter of 2024, there were *** repossessions of mortgaged homes and ***** repossessions of rental properties by landlords.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of house sales in the UK spiked, followed by a period of decline. In 2023 and 2024, the housing market slowed notably, and in January 2025, transaction volumes fell to 46,774. House sales volumes are impacted by a number of factors, including mortgage rates, house prices, supply, demand, as well as the overall health of the market. The economic uncertainty and rising unemployment rates has also affected the homebuyer sentiment of Brits. How have UK house prices developed over the past 10 years? House prices in the UK have increased year-on-year since 2015, except for a brief period of decline in the second half of 2023 and the beginning of 2024. That is based on the 12-month percentage change of the UK house price index. At the peak of the housing boom in 2022, prices soared by nearly 14 percent. The decline that followed was mild, at under three percent. The cooling in the market was more pronounced in England and Wales, where the average house price declined in 2023. Conversely, growth in Scotland and Northern Ireland continued. What is the impact of mortgage rates on house sales? For a long period, mortgage rates were at record-low, allowing prospective homebuyers to take out a 10-year loan at a mortgage rate of less than three percent. In the last quarter of 2021, this period came to an end as the Bank of England rose the bank lending rate to contain the spike in inflation. Naturally, the higher borrowing costs affected consumer sentiment, urging many homebuyers to place their plans on hold and leading to a decline in sales.

The representative APR of car loans with a size between 1,000 and 7,250 British pounds provided by Virgin Money in the United Kingdom remained unchanged between July of 2024 and of 2025. Menawhile, the APR of car loans with a size between 7,500 to 14,750 British pounds fell from *** to *** percent during that time. That APR was slightly lower than the APR of car loans up to 25,000 British pounds in size.

House prices in the UK rose dramatically during the coronavirus pandemic, with growth slowing down in 2022 and turning negative in 2023. The year-on-year annual house price change peaked at 14 percent in July 2022. In April 2025, house prices increased by 3.5 percent. As of late 2024, the average house price was close to 290,000 British pounds. Correction in housing prices: a European phenomenon The trend of a growing residential real estate market was not exclusive to the UK during the pandemic. Likewise, many European countries experienced falling prices in 2023. When comparing residential property RHPI (price index in real terms, e.g. corrected for inflation), countries such as Germany, France, Italy, and Spain also saw prices decline. Sweden, one of the countries with the fastest growing residential markets, saw one of the largest declines in prices. How has demand for UK housing changed since the outbreak of the coronavirus? The easing of the lockdown was followed by a dramatic increase in home sales. In November 2020, the number of mortgage approvals reached an all-time high of over 107,000. One of the reasons for the housing boom were the low mortgage rates, allowing home buyers to take out a loan with an interest rate as low as 2.5 percent. That changed as the Bank of England started to raise the base lending rate, resulting in higher borrowing costs and a decline in homebuyer sentiment.

August 2024 marked a significant shift in the UK's monetary policy, as it saw the first reduction in the official bank base interest rate since August 2023. This change came after a period of consistent rate hikes that began in late 2021. In a bid to minimize the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Bank of England cut the official bank base rate in March 2020 to a record low of *** percent. This historic low came just one week after the Bank of England cut rates from **** percent to **** percent in a bid to prevent mass job cuts in the United Kingdom. It remained at *** percent until December 2021 and was increased to one percent in May 2022 and to **** percent in October 2022. After that, the bank rate increased almost on a monthly basis, reaching **** percent in August 2023. It wasn't until August 2024 that the first rate decrease since the previous year occurred, signaling a potential shift in monetary policy. Why do central banks adjust interest rates? Central banks, including the Bank of England, adjust interest rates to manage economic stability and control inflation. Their strategies involve a delicate balance between two main approaches. When central banks raise interest rates, their goal is to cool down an overheated economy. Higher rates curb excessive spending and borrowing, which helps to prevent runaway inflation. This approach is typically used when the economy is growing too quickly or when inflation is rising above desired levels. Conversely, when central banks lower interest rates, they aim to encourage borrowing and investment. This strategy is employed to stimulate economic growth during periods of slowdown or recession. Lower rates make it cheaper for businesses and individuals to borrow money, which can lead to increased spending and investment. This dual approach allows central banks to maintain a balance between promoting growth and controlling inflation, ensuring long-term economic stability. Additionally, adjusting interest rates can influence currency values, impacting international trade and investment flows, further underscoring their critical role in a nation's economic health. Recent interest rate trends Between 2021 and 2025, most advanced and emerging economies experienced a period of regular interest rate hikes. This trend was driven by several factors, including persistent supply chain disruptions, high energy prices, and robust demand pressures. These elements combined to create significant inflationary trends, prompting central banks to raise rates to temper spending and borrowing. However, in 2024, a shift began to occur in global monetary policy. The European Central Bank (ECB) was among the first major central banks to reverse this trend by cutting interest rates. This move signaled a change in approach aimed at addressing growing economic slowdowns and supporting growth.