A series of approximately 3250 navigational charts covering the world. The series is maintained by Admiralty Notices to Mariners issued every week. New editions or new charts are published as required. Two thirds of the series are now available in metric units.

In areas where the United Kingdom is, or until recently has been, the responsible hydrographic authority - i.e. Home Waters, some Commonwealth countries, British colonies, and certain areas like the Gulf, Red Sea and parts of the eastern Mediterranean - the Admiralty charts afford detailed cover of all waters, ports and harbours. These make up about 30 per cent of the total series. Modern charts in these areas usually have a source data diagram showing the sources from which the chart was compiled. The quantity and quality of the sources vary due to age and the part of the world the chart depicts. The other 70 per cent are derived from information on foreign charts, and the Admiralty versions are designed to provide charts for ocean passage and landfall, and approach and entry to the major ports.

The series contains charts on many different scales, but can be divided very broadly as follows:

Route planning 1:10 million Ocean planning 1:3.5 million Coast approach or landfall identification 1:1 million Coasting 1:300,000 to 1:200,000 Intricate or congested coastal waters 1:150,000 to 1:75,000 Port approach 1:50,000 or larger Terminal installation 1:12,500 or larger

Charts on scales smaller than 1:50,000, except in polar regions, are on Mercator projection. Since 1978 all charts on 1:50,000 and larger have been produced on Transverse Mercator projection. Prior to 1978 larger scale charts were on a modified polyconic projection referred to as 'gnomonic', not to be confused with the true Gnomonic projection.

Most of the detail shown on a chart consists of hydrographic information - soundings (selected spot depths) in metres (on older charts in fathoms or feet) reduced to a stated vertical datum; depth contours; dredged channels; and the nature of the seabed and foreshore. Features which present hazards to navigation, fishing and other marine operations are also shown. These include underwater rocks and reefs; wrecks and obstructions; submarine cables and pipelines and offshore installations. Shallow water areas are usually highlighted with pale blue tint(s). Also shown are aids established to assist the navigator - buoys, beacons, lights, fog signals and radio position finding and reporting services; and information about traffic separation schemes, anchorages, tides, tidal streams and magnetic variation. Outline coastal topography is shown especially objects of use as fixing marks. As a base for navigation the chart carries compass roses, scales, horizontal datum information, graduation (and sometimes land map grids), conversion tables and tables of tidal and tidal stream rates.

The map is designed to be used as a basemap by marine GIS professionals and as a reference map by anyone interested in ocean data. The basemap focuses on bathymetry. It also includes inland waters and roads, overlaid on land cover and shaded relief imagery.The Ocean Base map currently provides coverage for the world down to a scale of ~1:577k; coverage down to ~1:72k in United States coastal areas and various other areas; and coverage down to ~1:9k in limited regional areas.The World Ocean Reference is designed to be drawn on top of this map and provides selected city labels throughout the world. This web map lets you view the World Ocean Base with the Reference service drawn on top. Article in the Fall 2011 ArcUser about this basemap: "A Foundation for Ocean GIS".The map was compiled from a variety of best available sources from several data providers, including General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans GEBCO_08 Grid version 20100927 and IHO-IOC GEBCO Gazetteer of Undersea Feature Names August 2010 version (https://www.gebco.net), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and National Geographic for the oceans; and Garmin, HERE, and Esri for topographic content. You can contribute your bathymetric data to this service and have it served by Esri for the benefit of the Ocean GIS community. For details on the users who contributed bathymetric data for this map via the Community Maps Program, view the list of Contributors for the Ocean Basemap. The basemap was designed and developed by Esri. The GEBCO_08 Grid is largely based on a database of ship-track soundings with interpolation between soundings guided by satellite-derived gravity data. In some areas, data from existing grids are included. The GEBCO_08 Grid does not contain detailed information in shallower water areas, information concerning the generation of the grid can be found on GEBCO's website: https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/. The GEBCO_08 Grid is accompanied by a Source Identifier (SID) Grid which indicates which cells in the GEBCO_08 Grid are based on soundings or existing grids and which have been interpolated. The latest version of both grids and accompanying documentation is available to download, on behalf of GEBCO, from the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/online_delivery/gebco/.The names of the IHO (International Hydrographic Organization), IOC (intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission), GEBCO (General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans), NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) or BODC (British Oceanographic Data Centre) may not be used in any way to imply, directly or otherwise, endorsement or support of either the Licensee or their mapping system.Tip: Here are some famous oceanic locations as they appear this map. Each URL launches this map at a particular location via parameters specified in the URL: Challenger Deep, Galapagos Islands, Hawaiian Islands, Maldive Islands, Mariana Trench, Tahiti, Queen Charlotte Sound, Notre Dame Bay, Labrador Trough, New York Bight, Massachusetts Bay, Mississippi Sound

The Marine Maps and Chart Archive held by BGS contains maps created by BGS (the majority of which result from BGS offshore mapping projects) and also maps acquired from various other sources (e.g. UK Hydrographic Office and MCA Civil Hydrography Programme survey charts). The maps which date from the 1960s onwards are very variable in subject type and scale ranging from survey navigation to geological interpretation. The maps are primarily for the UKCS (United Kingdom Continental Shelf). The coverage of some map types is the entire UKCS whilst other have only regional or localised extent. The maps which are a mix of paper and digital are applicable to a wide range of uses including environmental, geotechnical, geophysical and geological studies. range of uses including environmental, geotechnical, geophysical and geological studies. Scanned maps can be viewed via the BGS maps portal http://www.bgs.ac.uk/data/maps.

The purpose of this digital dataset is to provide accurate mapping of the distribution of sea-bed sediment types. Sea-bed sediments can only be mapped offshore, where the most recent deposits commonly form a veneer or superficial layer of unconsolidated material on the sea-bed. The dataset is produced for use at 1:250,000 scale. The boundaries between sediment classifications or types are delineated using sample station particle size analyses and descriptions, seafloor topography derived from shallow geophysical data and where available multibeam bathymetry and backscatter and side scan sonar profiles. The sediment types present on the sea-bed are of importance to a range of groups, including marine habitat mappers, marine spatial planners, the offshore construction and development sector, and the dredging and aggregate industries. These groups require detailed information on the nature of the sea-bed, including the sediment types present. The DiGSBS250k dataset has been created as vector polygons and are available in a range of GIS formats, including ArcGIS (.shp), ArcInfo Coverages and MapInfo (.tab). More specialised formats may be available but may incur additional processing costs.

The map is designed to be used as a basemap by marine GIS professionals and as a reference map by anyone interested in ocean data. The basemap focuses on bathymetry. It also includes inland waters and roads, overlaid on land cover and shaded relief imagery.

The data shows the location of seabed and sub-seabed samples collected from the UK continental shelf, held by BGS. A BGS Sample Station is a general location at which sampling with one or more equipment types, such as borehole, grab, dredge, has been used. Historically, all deployment of equipment was recorded with the same coordinates so the data shown here will often show several sets of data at the same location. Newer data will begin to show distinct locations based on an equipment type. This layer shows all the BGS Sample Station Locations, including those where the Sampling was unsuccessful. The layers below are divided into distinct equipment types, plus a separate layer for unsuccessful sampling. BGS Sample Station Locations can have a wide range of potential information available. This can vary from a basic description derived from a simple piece of paper up to a complex set of information with a number of datasets. These datasets can include particle size analysis, geotechnical parameters, detailed marine geology, geochemical analysis and others. Prices are available on further enquiry.

The GEBCO_2020 Grid is a global continuous terrain model for ocean and land with a spatial resolution of 15 arc seconds. In regions outside of the Arctic Ocean area, the grid uses as a base Version 2 of the SRTM15_plus data set (Tozer, B. et al, 2019). This data set is a fusion of land topography with measured and estimated seafloor topography. Included on top of this base grid are gridded bathymetric data sets developed by the four Regional Centers of The Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project. The GEBCO_2020 Grid represents all data within the 2020 compilation. The compilation of the GEBCO_2020 Grid was carried out at the Seabed 2030 Global Center, hosted at the National Oceanography Centre, UK, with the aim of producing a seamless global terrain model. Outside of Polar regions, the gridded bathymetric data sets supplied by the Regional Centers, as sparse grids, i.e. only grid cells that contain data were populated, were included on to the base grid without any blending. The data sets supplied in the form of complete grids (primarily areas north of 60N and south of 50S) were included using feather blending techniques from GlobalMapper software. The GEBCO_2020 Grid has been developed through the Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project. This is a collaborative project between the Nippon Foundation of Japan and the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO). It aims to bring together all available bathymetric data to produce the definitive map of the world ocean floor by 2030 and make it available to all. Funded by the Nippon Foundation, the four Seabed 2030 Regional Centers include the Southern Ocean - hosted at the Alfred Wegener Institute, Germany; South and West Pacific Ocean - hosted at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, New Zealand; Atlantic and Indian Oceans - hosted at the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, USA; Arctic and North Pacific Oceans - hosted at Stockholm University, Sweden and the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping at the University of New Hampshire, USA.

The map is designed to be used as a basemap by marine GIS professionals and as a reference map by anyone interested in ocean data. The basemap focuses on bathymetry. It also includes inland waters and roads, overlaid on land cover and shaded relief imagery.The Ocean Base map currently provides coverage for the world down to a scale of ~1:577k; coverage down to ~1:72k in United States coastal areas and various other areas; and coverage down to ~1:9k in limited regional areas.The World Ocean Reference is designed to be drawn on top of this map and provides selected city labels throughout the world. This web map lets you view the World Ocean Base with the Reference service drawn on top. Article in the Fall 2011 ArcUser about this basemap: "A Foundation for Ocean GIS".The map was compiled from a variety of best available sources from several data providers, including General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans GEBCO_08 Grid version 20100927 and IHO-IOC GEBCO Gazetteer of Undersea Feature Names August 2010 version (https://www.gebco.net), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and National Geographic for the oceans; and Garmin, and Esri for topographic content. You can contribute your bathymetric data to this service and have it served by Esri for the benefit of the Ocean GIS community. For details on the users who contributed bathymetric data for this map via the Community Maps Program, view the list of Contributors for the Ocean Basemap. The basemap was designed and developed by Esri. The GEBCO_08 Grid is largely based on a database of ship-track soundings with interpolation between soundings guided by satellite-derived gravity data. In some areas, data from existing grids are included. The GEBCO_08 Grid does not contain detailed information in shallower water areas, information concerning the generation of the grid can be found on GEBCO's website: https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/. The GEBCO_08 Grid is accompanied by a Source Identifier (SID) Grid which indicates which cells in the GEBCO_08 Grid are based on soundings or existing grids and which have been interpolated. The latest version of both grids and accompanying documentation is available to download, on behalf of GEBCO, from the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/online_delivery/gebco/.The names of the IHO (International Hydrographic Organization), IOC (intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission), GEBCO (General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans), NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) or BODC (British Oceanographic Data Centre) may not be used in any way to imply, directly or otherwise, endorsement or support of either the Licensee or their mapping system.Tip: Here are some famous oceanic locations as they appear this map. Each URL launches this map at a particular location via parameters specified in the URL: Challenger Deep, Galapagos Islands, Hawaiian Islands, Maldive Islands, Mariana Trench, Tahiti, Queen Charlotte Sound, Notre Dame Bay, Labrador Trough, New York Bight, Massachusetts Bay, Mississippi Sound

PLEASE NOTE: This dataset has been retired. It has been superseded by https://environment.data.gov.uk/dataset/04532375-a198-476e-985e-0579a0a11b47.The Flood Map for Planning (Rivers and Sea) includes several layers of information. This dataset covers Flood Zone 2 and should not be used without Flood Zone 3. It is our best estimate of the areas of land at risk of flooding, when the presence of flood defences are ignored and covers land between Zone 3 and the extent of the flooding from rivers or the sea with a 1 in 1000 (0.1%) chance of flooding each year. This dataset also includes those areas defined in Flood Zone 3.This dataset is designed to support flood risk assessments in line with Planning Practice Guidance ; and raise awareness of the likelihood of flooding to encourage people living and working in areas prone to flooding to find out more and take appropriate action.The information provided is largely based on modelled data and is therefore indicative rather than specific. Locations may also be at risk from other sources of flooding, such as high groundwater levels, overland run off from heavy rain, or failure of infrastructure such as sewers and storm drains.The information indicates the flood risk to areas of land and is not sufficiently detailed to show whether an individual property is at risk of flooding, therefore properties may not always face the same chance of flooding as the areas that surround them. This is because we do not hold details about properties and their floor levels. Information on flood depth, speed or volume of flow is not included.NOTE: We have paused quarterly updates of this dataset. Please visit the “Pause to Updates of Flood Risk Maps” announcement on our support pages for further information. We will provide notifications on the Flood Map for Planning website to indicate where we have new flood risk information. Other data related to the Flood Map for Planning will continue to be updated, including data relating to flood history, flood defences, and water storage areas.

This dataset contains a collation of marine habitat and species biotope records created during contracts commissioned by Natural England; collected by Defra and associated bodies/agencies; or provided by third parties that have allowed their data to be republished under the Open Government Licence (OGL). There are two datasets available for download: 'Marine Habitats and Species Open Data' and 'Marine Designated Site Features Open Data'. The dataset 'Marine Habitats Species Open Data' comprises eight sub-datasets: three point datasets and five polygonal. These represent all publicly available datasets of marine habitats and species held by Natural England. The dataset 'Marine Designated Site Features Open Data' is a subset of the habitat and species data, which shows habitats and species (feature) data only within the site in which they are legally designated. The datasets comprises 6 sub-datasets: one point dataset and five polygonal. Both datasets are provided as an ESRI File Geodatabase (GDB) and as an OGC GeoPackage (GPKG). Additionally, 'Marine Designated Site Features Open Data' is provided with an ESRI structured layer file (LYR). All dataset geometry has been validated using the ESRI validation method. It has not been validated using the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) validation method and therefore may not comply with the OGC specification. These datasets are available under the Open Government Licence (OGL).

The agnostic Web Map Server (WMS) url has been limited to 1:500,000 scale to improve functionality. The WMS url is compatible with ArcMAP, ArcPRO and QGIS, however, it does not function in ArcGIS Online. Apologies for any inconvenience caused. If you need to access the layer stack in ArcGIS Online, either use the ESRI REST Feature Server URLs or the ArcGIS Open Dataset REST Feature Services.

The GEBCO Grid is a global terrain model for oceans and land at 30 arc-second intervals which was developed and first released in 2009 by the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) as GEBCO 08. The current release is GEBCO 2014, released in December 2014 and updated in March 2015. GEBCO is an international group of experts who work on the development of a range of bathymetric (accurate mapping of the sea floor) data sets and data products. The bathymetric portion of the grid is largely based on a database of ship-track soundings with interpolation between soundings guided by satellite-derived gravity data. Data sets developed by other methods are also included where they improve the grid. The land portion of the grid is largely based on the US Geological Survey's SRMT30 data set, developed with data from the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM). For the area around Antarctica, the land data are taken from the Bedmap2 data set. The grid is accompanied by a Source Identifier (SID) Grid which identifies which cells in the GEBCO Grid are based on soundings or existing grids and which have been interpolated. The data sets are updated as new bathymetric compilations are made available. Both grids are freely available to download, in netCDF; data GeoTiff and Esri ASCII raster formats, from the web. Free software is available for viewing and accessing data from the grids in netCDF and ASCII data formats. The grids are also included as part of the GEBCO Digital Atlas DVD.

The Marine Hard Substrate dataset maps areas of rock or hard substrate outcropping or within 0.5m of the sea-bed. The interpretation was based on a variety of data sourced from within the British Geological Survey and externally. Data consulted includes archive sample and seismic records, side scan sonar, multibeam bathymetry and Olex datasets. The distribution of hard substrate at the seabed, or within 0.5 m is important in dictating the benthic assemblages found in certain areas. Therefore, an understanding of the distribution of these substrates is of primary importance in marine planning and designation of Marine Conservation Zones (MCZs) under the Marine and Coastal Access Act, 2009. In addition, a number of other users will value these data, including marine renewable companies, aggregate companies, the fishing and oil and gas industries. In order to address this issue it was necessary to update British Geological Survey sea-bed mapping to delineate areas where rock, boulders or cobbles are present at, or within 0.5m of the sea-bed surface. A polygon shape file showing areas of rock or hard substrate at, or within 0.5m of the sea-bed has been developed. The dataset has been created as vector polygons and are available in a range of GIS formats, including ArcGIS (.shp), ArcInfo Coverages and MapInfo (.tab). More specialised formats may be available but may incur additional processing costs.

The map is designed to be used as a basemap by marine GIS professionals and as a reference map by anyone interested in ocean data. The basemap focuses on bathymetry. It also includes inland waters and roads, overlaid on land cover and shaded relief imagery.The Ocean Base map currently provides coverage for the world down to a scale of ~1:577k; coverage down to ~1:72k in United States coastal areas and various other areas; and coverage down to ~1:9k in limited regional areas.The World Ocean Reference is designed to be drawn on top of this map and provides selected city labels throughout the world. This web map lets you view the World Ocean Base with the Reference service drawn on top. Article in the Fall 2011 ArcUser about this basemap: "A Foundation for Ocean GIS".The map was compiled from a variety of best available sources from several data providers, including General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans GEBCO_08 Grid version 20100927 and IHO-IOC GEBCO Gazetteer of Undersea Feature Names August 2010 version (https://www.gebco.net), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and National Geographic for the oceans; and Garmin, HERE, and Esri for topographic content. You can contribute your bathymetric data to this service and have it served by Esri for the benefit of the Ocean GIS community. For details on the users who contributed bathymetric data for this map via the Community Maps Program, view the list of Contributors for the Ocean Basemap. The basemap was designed and developed by Esri. The GEBCO_08 Grid is largely based on a database of ship-track soundings with interpolation between soundings guided by satellite-derived gravity data. In some areas, data from existing grids are included. The GEBCO_08 Grid does not contain detailed information in shallower water areas, information concerning the generation of the grid can be found on GEBCO's website: https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/. The GEBCO_08 Grid is accompanied by a Source Identifier (SID) Grid which indicates which cells in the GEBCO_08 Grid are based on soundings or existing grids and which have been interpolated. The latest version of both grids and accompanying documentation is available to download, on behalf of GEBCO, from the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/online_delivery/gebco/.The names of the IHO (International Hydrographic Organization), IOC (intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission), GEBCO (General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans), NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) or BODC (British Oceanographic Data Centre) may not be used in any way to imply, directly or otherwise, endorsement or support of either the Licensee or their mapping system.Tip: Here are some famous oceanic locations as they appear this map. Each URL launches this map at a particular location via parameters specified in the URL: Challenger Deep, Galapagos Islands, Hawaiian Islands, Maldive Islands, Mariana Trench, Tahiti, Queen Charlotte Sound, Notre Dame Bay, Labrador Trough, New York Bight, Massachusetts Bay, Mississippi Sound

This map is designed to be used as a base map by marine GIS professionals and as a reference map by anyone interested in ocean data. The base map includes bathymetry, marine water body names, undersea feature names, and derived depth values in meters. Land features include administrative boundaries, cities, inland waters, roads, overlaid on land cover and shaded relief imagery. The map was compiled from a variety of best available sources from several data providers, including General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans GEBCO_08 Grid, IHO-IOC GEBCO Gazetteer of Undersea Feature Names, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and National Geographic, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, Geonames.org, and Esri, and various other contributors. The base map currently provides coverage for the world down to a scale of ~1:577k, and coverage down to 1:72k in US coastal areas, and various other areas. Coverage down to ~ 1:9k is available limited areas based on regional hydrographic survey data. The base map was designed and developed by Esri. NOTE: Data from the GEBCO_08 grid shall not to be used for navigation or for any other purpose relating to safety at sea. The GEBCO_08 Grid is largely based on a database of ship-track soundings with interpolation between soundings guided by satellite-derived gravity data. In some areas, data from existing grids are included. The GEBCO_08 Grid does not contain detailed information in shallower water areas, information concerning the generation of the grid can be found on GEBCO's web site: http://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data. The GEBCO_08 Grid is accompanied by a Source Identifier (SID) Grid which indicates which cells in the GEBCO_08 Grid are based on soundings or existing grids and which have been interpolated. The latest version of both grids and accompanying documentation is available to download, on behalf of GEBCO, from the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/online_delivery/gebco. The names of the IHO (International Hydrographic Organization), IOC (intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission), GEBCO (General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans), NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) or BODC (British Oceanographic Data Centre) may not be used in any way to imply, directly or otherwise, endorsement or support of either the Licensee or their mapping system. For more information on this map, including our terms of use, visit us online at http://goto.arcgisonline.com/maps/Ocean_Basemap

This map was produced as part of the site selection process for the Greater Thames Estuary AoS.

It aimed to characterise the habitat features of the AoS, and to identify the areas of Annex I habitat present.

Original classification system: Marine Habitat Classification for Britain and Ireland

Survey Techniques: Sidescan sonars, Towed video, grabs and acoustic ground discrimination systems (AGDS) were used to determine the biotope

This is a 1:10,000 scale Bedrock geological map for some 800 km2 of the seabed across Weymouth Bay in Dorset. It joins seamlessly to the onshore BGS 1:10,000 scale Digital Geological Mapping (DiGMapGB-10) and therefore shows the coastal geology in detail. It comprises bedrock polygons, faults and limestone bed lines. The map was produced in 2015-16 by digitising against a seamless on- to offshore-shore elevation surface generated from high (1 m bin) resolution bathymetry and coastal Lidar data, collected as part of the Dorset Integrated Seabed Survey (DORIS) project and the Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme of England, made available by the Channel Coastal Observatory under the Open Government Licence. The map can be veiwed using the map viewer at www.bgs.ac.uk/research/marine/doris.html. This map has been produced under the auspices of the Marine Environmental Mapping Programme (MAREMAP), in collaboration between the BGS and the University of Southampton. The map itself should be referred to as: Westhead, R K, Sanderson, D J, Dix, J K. 2016. Bedrock map for the offshore Weymouth Bay area, with seamless coastal joint to BGS onshore (DiGMapGB-10) mapping. Bedrock Geology. 1:10 000 (Marine Environmental Mapping Programme, MAREMAP)

'''DEFINITION'''

Based on daily, global climate sea surface temperature (SST) analyses generated by the European Space Agency (ESA) SST Climate Change Initiative (CCI) and the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) (Merchant et al., 2019; product SST-GLO-SST-L4-REP-OBSERVATIONS-010-024).
Analysis of the data was based on the approach described in Mulet et al. (2018) and is described and discussed in Good et al. (2020). The processing steps applied were: 1. The daily analyses were averaged to create monthly means.
2. A climatology was calculated by averaging the monthly means over the period 1993 - 2014.
3. Monthly anomalies were calculated by differencing the monthly means and the climatology.
4. The time series for each grid cell was passed through the X11 seasonal adjustment procedure, which decomposes a time series into a residual seasonal component, a trend component and errors (e.g., Pezzulli et al., 2005). The trend component is a filtered version of the monthly time series. 5. The slope of the trend component was calculated using a robust method (Sen 1968). The method also calculates the 95% confidence range in the slope.

'''CONTEXT'''

Sea surface temperature (SST) is one of the Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) defined by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) as being needed for monitoring and characterising the state of the global climate system (GCOS 2010). It provides insight into the flow of heat into and out of the ocean, into modes of variability in the ocean and atmosphere, can be used to identify features in the ocean such as fronts and upwelling, and knowledge of SST is also required for applications such as ocean and weather prediction (Roquet et al., 2016).

'''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS'''

Warming trends occurred over most of the globe between 1993 and 2021. One of the exceptions is the North Atlantic, which has a region south of Greenland where a cooling trend is found. The cooling in this area has been previously noted as occurring on centennial time scales (IPCC, 2013; Caesar et al., 2018; Sevellee et al., 2017).

'''DOI (product):''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00243

This is a digital version of the paper based 1:1M scale Offshore Quaternary map, North and South sheets. Customers should be aware that, given the age of the paper based maps, the digital version is not quality assured and BGS can accept no liability for the information held on the digital map. In addition, published 1:250,000 Quaternary maps are available. These contain more detailed subdivision of the Quaternary succession. The original paper based map covers the UK Continental shelf. The paper map is symbolised using lithology and chronology. The lithological boundaries were compiled from the data published in the BGS 1:250,000 Quaternary Geology map series and from revised interpretation of core and borehole data. Core and borehole sites are commonly 5 to 20 km apart, thus the lithological divisions are generalised. The formations and sequences identified by BGS have been grouped into Quaternary age ranges. The geological codes assigned to the digital version of the map have been compiled using the key information held on the paper map. The LEX-ROCK style codes combine the lithology and chronology and have been subject to the standard BGS approval process.

The Flood Map for Planning (Rivers and Sea) includes several layers of information. This layer and documentation covers Flood Zone 2. It is the Environment Agency's best estimate of the areas of land at risk of flooding, when he presence of flood defences are ignored and covers land between Zone 3 and the extent of the flooding from rivers or the sea with a 1 in 1000 (0.1%) chance of flooding each year. This dataset also includes those areas defined in Flood Zone 3.This dataset is designed to support flood risk assessments in line with Planning Practice Guidance ; and raise awareness of the likelihood of flooding to encourage people living and working in areas prone to flooding to find out more and take appropriate action. This dataset is republished by the West of England Combined Authority for supplementing information within our Local Nature Recovery Strategy. If you are using it for statutory purposes, you should refer to the Environment Agency's canonical version, linked in the Attributions field below as this is likely to be more current.

The Molloy Hole was surveyed with a Kongsberg EM 124 gondola-mounted to the hull of the 225-foot DSSV Pressure Drop. The survey was conducted over the course of three days – August 24-26, 2019. The data meet the requirements for IHO Order 1 standards.