The Great Britain Historical Database has been assembled as part of the ongoing Great Britain Historical GIS Project. The project aims to trace the emergence of the north-south divide in Britain and to provide a synoptic view of the human geography of Britain at sub-county scales. Further information about the project is available on A Vision of Britain webpages, where users can browse the database's documentation system online.

These data were originally collected by the Censuses of Population for England and Wales, and for Scotland. They were computerised by the Great Britain Historical GIS Project and its collaborators. They form part of the Great Britain Historical Database, which contains a wide range of geographically-located statistics, selected to trace the emergence of the north-south divide in Britain and to provide a synoptic view of the human geography of Britain, generally at sub-county scales.

The Census of Population first gathered data on housing "density", i.e. the number of persons in each household relative to the number of rooms, in 1891, although the first year included here is 1901. In 1891, over-crowding was defined as over 2 persons per room; by 1931 this threshold had dropped to 1.5 persons; and by 1961 to 1 person per room. Up to 1931, the data for each locality and date form a table of numbers of persons against numbers of rooms, and these transcriptions sometimes exclude the rows/columns for the very largest households (see the documentation for individual tables). From 1951 onwards, simpler tables simply list numbers of households in each density category (e.g. over 1 person per room and not more than 1.5 persons).

This is a new edition. Data have been added for 1911 and 1951. Wherever possible, ID numbers have been added for counties and districts which match those used in the digital boundary data created by the GBH GIS, greatly simplifying mapping.

The population of the United Kingdom grew by 1.1 percent in 2024, compared with 1.32 percent in 2023, which was the fastest annual growth rate during this time period. Before 2023, the UK population grew at its fastest rate in 1962 (0.92 percent) and shrank the most in 1951 (-0.19 percent.)

United Kingdom Population: England and Wales data was reported at 58,744.595 Person th in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 58,381.217 Person th for 2016. United Kingdom Population: England and Wales data is updated yearly, averaging 49,713.000 Person th from Jun 1951 (Median) to 2017, with 67 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 58,744.595 Person th in 2017 and a record low of 43,815.000 Person th in 1951. United Kingdom Population: England and Wales data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office for National Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.G001: Population.

United Kingdom Population: Female data was reported at 33,458.428 Person th in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 33,270.380 Person th for 2016. United Kingdom Population: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 28,989.000 Person th from Jun 1951 (Median) to 2017, with 67 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33,458.428 Person th in 2017 and a record low of 26,138.000 Person th in 1951. United Kingdom Population: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office for National Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.G001: Population.

Estimates of London's population between 1801 and 2021 (persons present 1801 to 1971 and usual residents for 1981 to 2021) derived from historic Census data. Figures for years before 1931 are estimates by the Greater London Council published in Research Memorandum 413, 'The Changing Population of the London Boroughs'. Figures for 1931, 1951, and 1961 were published in 'Census 1961 Greater London Tables'; Figures for 1971 to 2021 are taken from individual censuses.

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United Kingdom Population: England and Wales: Male data was reported at 29,021.253 Person th in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 28,834.958 Person th for 2016. United Kingdom Population: England and Wales: Male data is updated yearly, averaging 24,185.000 Person th from Jun 1951 (Median) to 2017, with 67 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 29,021.253 Person th in 2017 and a record low of 21,044.000 Person th in 1951. United Kingdom Population: England and Wales: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office for National Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.G001: Population.

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Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows two condensed maps which use dots and proportional circles to illustrate the distribution of population of French and British origin, respectively, according to the 1951 census of Canada. Each map is accompanied by a pie chart which shows the British origin and French origin percentage population distribution by province and territory. For Canadian census purposes, a person's origin or cultural group is traced through the father to the paternal ancestor on first arrival to this continent. The term 'British' embraces all those of British Isles origin, that is, it includes those from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and the Republic of Ireland.

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows two condensed maps which use dots and proportional circles to illustrate the distribution of population of French and British origin, respectively, according to the 1951 census of Canada. Each map is accompanied by a pie chart which shows the British origin and French origin percentage population distribution by province and territory. For Canadian census purposes, a person's origin or cultural group is traced through the father to the paternal ancestor on first arrival to this continent. The term 'British' embraces all those of British Isles origin, that is, it includes those from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and the Republic of Ireland.

United Kingdom Population: Northern Ireland data was reported at 1,870.834 Person th in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,862.137 Person th for 2016. United Kingdom Population: Northern Ireland data is updated yearly, averaging 1,557.000 Person th from Jun 1951 (Median) to 2017, with 67 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,870.834 Person th in 2017 and a record low of 1,373.000 Person th in 1951. United Kingdom Population: Northern Ireland data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office for National Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.G001: Population.

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows the distribution of population in what is now Canada circa 1851, 1871, 1901, 1921 and 1941. The five maps display the boundaries of the various colonies, provinces and territories for each date. Also shown on these five maps are the locations of principal cities and settlements. These places are shown on all of the maps for reference purposes even though they may not have been in existence in the earlier years. Each map is accompanied by a pie chart providing the percentage distribution of Canadian population by province and territory corresponding to the date the map is based on. It should be noted that the pie chart entitled Percentage Distribution of Total Population, 1851, refers to the whole of what was then British North America. The name Canada in this chart refers to the province of Canada which entered confederation in 1867 as Ontario and Quebec. The other pie charts, however, show only percentage distribution of population in what was Canada at the date indicated. Three additional graphs are included on this plate and show changes in the distribution of the population of Canada from 1867 to 1951, changes in the percentage distribution of the population of Canada by provinces and territories from 1867 to 1951 and elements in the growth of the population of Canada for each ten-year period from 1891 to 1951.

United Kingdom Population: Northern Ireland: Female data was reported at 950.586 Person th in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 946.924 Person th for 2016. United Kingdom Population: Northern Ireland: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 796.000 Person th from Jun 1951 (Median) to 2017, with 67 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 950.586 Person th in 2017 and a record low of 704.000 Person th in 1951. United Kingdom Population: Northern Ireland: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office for National Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.G001: Population.

United Kingdom Population: Northern Ireland: Male data was reported at 920.248 Person th in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 915.213 Person th for 2016. United Kingdom Population: Northern Ireland: Male data is updated yearly, averaging 761.000 Person th from Jun 1951 (Median) to 2017, with 67 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 920.248 Person th in 2017 and a record low of 669.000 Person th in 1951. United Kingdom Population: Northern Ireland: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office for National Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.G001: Population.

United Kingdom Population: Scotland: Male data was reported at 2,640.300 Person th in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,627.503 Person th for 2016. United Kingdom Population: Scotland: Male data is updated yearly, averaging 2,482.000 Person th from Jun 1951 (Median) to 2017, with 67 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,640.300 Person th in 2017 and a record low of 2,432.000 Person th in 2000. United Kingdom Population: Scotland: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office for National Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.G001: Population.

The Labour Party won 33.7 percent of the vote in the 2024 general election, with the Conservative vote share falling to 23.7 percent. Parties outside the three mainstream political parties gained 30.4 percent of the vote, the highest vote share in this time period. Since 1918 there have been 29 General Elections in the United Kingdom, with the Conservative party winning the highest share of the vote in 19 elections, and the Labour Party in ten. The Conservatives recorded their highest share of the vote in 1931 at 60.8 percent, the Labour Party in 1951 at 48.8 percent, and the then Liberal Party in 1923 at 29.6 percent. Reform leading the polls in 2025 Although Labour won by far the most seats in the 2024 general election, they did this on the lowest national vote share of a majority party in this time period. This shallow victory was followed by a relatively unstable first year in power, which has left Labour just as unpopular as the Conservative government they replaced. At both parties expense, the hard-right Reform UK party have consistently led the polls for several months. Although the next UK election is not likely until the late 2020s, an election in 2025 would almost certainly return Reform UK as the largest party, a result without precedent in modern UK history. Immigration and economy key issues for voters When asked about current issues facing the country, UK voters have consistently identified the economy, health, and immigration as the most important ones since 2023. Since the start of 2025, however, health has gradually fallen to a distant-third, while immigration has surged ahead of the economy as the main issue, with 58 percent seeing it as the most important issue in September. This mirrors the increase in support for Reform UK in election polls, with the party currently seen as the best political party to handle the issue of immigration, with Labour selected as better at handling the economy, and the National Health Service.

Abstract (en): This dataset contains census, election, and vital statistics data for 118 British and Irish counties for the period 1851 to 1966. The information was collected for use in a study of regional integration and development in Great Britain in the 19th and 20th centuries. Included are population indicators for each of the counties recorded at 11 points in time during the 115-year span (i.e., 1851, 1861, 1871, 1881, 1891, 1901, 1911, 1921, 1931, 1951, and 1961). Specific information includes indicators of population density and change, ethnic composition, proportion of election votes for Labour, Conservative, Liberal, and various nationalist parties, and proportion of population employed in areas such as agriculture, manufacturing, civil service, and (female) domestic work. Other data include number of Celtic speakers, literacy, religiosity, nativity (i.e., English-, Welsh-, Scottish-, Irish-, and French-born), sex ratio (female to male), birth rates, infant mortality rates, marriage rates, per capita income, and proportion of middle class. The population of British and Irish counties. Data were collected for all 118 counties at 11 points in time between 1851 and 1966.

United Kingdom Population: Scotland data was reported at 5,424.800 Person th in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 5,404.700 Person th for 2016. United Kingdom Population: Scotland data is updated yearly, averaging 5,165.000 Person th from Jun 1951 (Median) to 2017, with 67 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,424.800 Person th in 2017 and a record low of 5,063.000 Person th in 2000. United Kingdom Population: Scotland data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office for National Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.G001: Population.

To analyse social alignments since 1918. Parliamentary constituency candidatures and votes for each election in the period 1918 to October 1974, plus census variables related to social class, religiosity, religious sect, industrial sectors, consumption (affluence) levels, socialized versus privatised consumption, unemployment, Welsh language, population density, etc. Census data was taken from the 1921, 1931, 1951 and 1966 census. The main files are arranged by 'constant units', i.e. groups of constituencies which in aggregate had approximately constant boundaries over the 1918-1974 period (or at least expanded their boundaries at a time when very few lived in the expansion zone, etc.).

Please note: this study does not include information on named individuals and would therefore not be useful for personal family history research.

人口：英格兰和威尔士在06-01-2017达58,744.595千人，相较于06-01-2016的58,381.217千人有所增长。人口：英格兰和威尔士数据按年更新，06-01-1951至06-01-2017期间平均值为49,713.000千人，共67份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于06-01-2017，达58,744.595千人，而历史最低值则出现于06-01-1951，为43,815.000千人。CEIC提供的人口：英格兰和威尔士数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于Office for National Statistics，数据归类于全球数据库的英国 – 表 UK.G001：人口。