The population of the United Kingdom grew by 1.1 percent in 2024, compared with 1.32 percent in 2023, which was the fastest annual growth rate during this time period. Before 2023, the UK population grew at its fastest rate in 1962 (0.92 percent) and shrank the most in 1951 (-0.19 percent.)

The population of England was estimated to have reached almost 58.6 million in 2024, compared with 54.4 million ten years earlier in 2013. Compared with 1971, the population of England has grown by over 12 million.

In 2024, the population of the United Kingdom reached 69.3 million, compared with 68.5 million in 2023. The UK population has more than doubled since 1871 when just under 31.5 million lived in the UK and has grown by around 10.4 million since the start of the twenty-first century. For most of the twentieth century, the UK population steadily increased, with two noticeable drops in population occurring during World War One (1914-1918) and in World War Two (1939-1945). Demographic trends in postwar Britain After World War Two, Britain and many other countries in the Western world experienced a 'baby boom,' with a postwar peak of 1.02 million live births in 1947. Although the number of births fell between 1948 and 1955, they increased again between the mid-1950s and mid-1960s, with more than one million people born in 1964. Since 1964, however, the UK birth rate has fallen from 18.8 births per 1,000 people to a low of just 10.2 in 2020. As a result, the UK population has gotten significantly older, with the country's median age increasing from 37.9 years in 2001 to 40.7 years in 2022. What are the most populated areas of the UK? The vast majority of people in the UK live in England, which had a population of 58.6 million people in 2024. By comparison, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland had populations of 5.5 million, 3.2 million, and 1.9 million, respectively. Within England, South East England had the largest population, at over 9.6 million, followed by the UK's vast capital city of London, at almost 9.1 million. London is far larger than any other UK city in terms of urban agglomeration, with just four other cities; Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, and Glasgow, boasting populations that exceed one million people.

National and subnational mid-year population estimates for the UK and its constituent countries by administrative area, age and sex (including components of population change, median age and population density).

United Kingdom UK: Population: Male: Ages 75-79: % of Male Population data was reported at 3.179 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.148 % for 2016. United Kingdom UK: Population: Male: Ages 75-79: % of Male Population data is updated yearly, averaging 2.528 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.179 % in 2017 and a record low of 1.709 % in 1970. United Kingdom UK: Population: Male: Ages 75-79: % of Male Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Male population between the ages 75 to 79 as a percentage of the total male population.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; ;

United Kingdom UK: Population: Female: Ages 30-34: % of Female Population data was reported at 6.727 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 6.712 % for 2016. United Kingdom UK: Population: Female: Ages 30-34: % of Female Population data is updated yearly, averaging 6.541 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.960 % in 1997 and a record low of 5.669 % in 1970. United Kingdom UK: Population: Female: Ages 30-34: % of Female Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Female population between the ages 30 to 34 as a percentage of the total female population.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; ;

An updated version of this dataset is available at: https://data.gov.uk/dataset/wild_bird_populations_in_england Overall breeding bird populations in England have changed little compared with 40 years ago. In 2010 they were just above what they were in 1970, following a small decline of 1.5 per cent in the most recent five years, from 2004 to 2009. However this masks considerable variation between individual bird species and groups of species that share the same broad habitats.

UK wild bird populations is now available from here: https://data.gov.uk/dataset/wild_bird_populations

This statistic shows the distribution of elderly population (aged 65 and over) as a share of population in the United Kingdom (UK) from 1976 to 2046. Over this 70 year period the share of elderly people within the population of the UK is expected to increase by over ** percent, reaching **** percent of the forecast total population of 2046.

United Kingdom UK: Population: as % of Total: Male: Aged 0-14 data was reported at 18.370 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 18.285 % for 2016. United Kingdom UK: Population: as % of Total: Male: Aged 0-14 data is updated yearly, averaging 20.344 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 25.513 % in 1970 and a record low of 18.220 % in 2014. United Kingdom UK: Population: as % of Total: Male: Aged 0-14 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Male population between the ages 0 to 14 as a percentage of the total male population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; Weighted average;

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The statistic depicts the median age of the population in the United Kingdom from 1950 to 2100*. The median age of a population is an index that divides the population into two equal groups: half of the population is older than the median age and the other half younger. In 2020, the median age of United Kingdom's population was 39.2 years. Population of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom (UK) includes Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and Northern Ireland, and is a state located off the coast of continental Europe. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, which means the Queen acts as representative head of state, while laws and constitutional issues are discussed and passed by a parliament. The total UK population figures have been steadily increasing, albeit only slightly, over the last decade; in 2011, the population growth rate was lower than in the previous year for the first time in eight years. Like many other countries, the UK and its economy were severely affected by the economic crisis in 2009. Since then, the unemployment rate has doubled and is only recovering slowly. UK inhabitants tend to move to the cities to find work and better living conditions; urbanization in the United Kingdom has been on the rise. At the same time, population density in the United Kingdom has been increasing due to several factors, for example, the rising number of inhabitants and their life expectancy at birth, an increasing fertility rate, and a very low number of emigrants. In fact, the United Kingdom is now among the 20 countries with the highest life expectancy at birth worldwide. As can be seen above, the median age of UK residents has also been increasing significantly since the seventies; another indicator for a well-working economy and society.

Time series data for the statistic School age population, primary education, both sexes (number) and country British Virgin Islands. Indicator Definition:Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.The indicator "School age population, primary education, both sexes (number)" stands at 2.22 Thousand as of 12/31/2020, the lowest value since 12/31/1996. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes a decrease of -5.12 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is -5.12.The 3 year change in percent is -14.14.The 5 year change in percent is -21.57.The Serie's long term average value is 2.23 Thousand. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2020, is 0.41 percent lower, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1970, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2020, is +33.21%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2012, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2020, is -27.27%.

Archive of 1971 census aggregate data for England, Wales and Scotland, as made available originally on the Casweb (https://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk) platform.

The population of Europe was estimated to be 745 million in 2024, an increase of around 4 million when compared with 2012. Over 35 years between 1950 and 1985, the population of Europe grew by approximately 157.8 million. But 35 years after 1985 it was estimated to have only increased by around 38.7 million. Since the 1960s, population growth in Europe has fallen quite significantly and was even negative during the mid-1990s. While population growth has increased slightly since the low of -0.07 percent in 1998, the growth rate for 2020 was just 0.04 percent. Which European country has the biggest population? As of 2024, the population of Russia was estimated to be approximately 144.8 million and was by far Europe's largest country in terms of population, with Turkey being the second-largest at over 87 million. While these two countries both have territory in Europe, however, they are both only partially in Europe, with the majority of their landmasses being in Asia. In terms of countries wholly located on the European continent, Germany had the highest population at 84.5 million, and was followed by the United Kingdom and France at 69.1 million and 66.5 million respectively. Characteristics of Europe's population There are approximately 384.6 million females in Europe, compared with 359.5 million males, a difference of around 25 million. In 1950, however, the male population has grown faster than the female one, with the male population growing by 104.7 million, and the female one by 93.6 million. As of 2024, the single year of age with the highest population was 37, at 10.6 million, while in the same year there were estimated to be around 136 thousand people aged 100 or over.

Virgin Islands (British) Population: as % of Total: Aged 65 and Above data was reported at 9.202 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 8.857 % for 2022. Virgin Islands (British) Population: as % of Total: Aged 65 and Above data is updated yearly, averaging 5.192 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.202 % in 2023 and a record low of 4.389 % in 1970. Virgin Islands (British) Population: as % of Total: Aged 65 and Above data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Virgin Islands (British) – Table VG.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population ages 65 and above as a percentage of the total population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.;United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2024 Revision.;Weighted average;

Virgin Islands (British) Population: as % of Female Population: Female: Aged 65 and Above: Ages 70-74 data was reported at 3.011 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.894 % for 2022. Virgin Islands (British) Population: as % of Female Population: Female: Aged 65 and Above: Ages 70-74 data is updated yearly, averaging 1.439 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.011 % in 2023 and a record low of 0.655 % in 1970. Virgin Islands (British) Population: as % of Female Population: Female: Aged 65 and Above: Ages 70-74 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Virgin Islands (British) – Table VG.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Female population between the ages 70 to 74 as a percentage of the total female population.;United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2022 Revision.;;

BackgroundGrowing evidence suggests that population mental health outcomes have worsened since the pandemic started. The extent that these changes have altered common age-related trends in psychological distress, where distress typically rises until midlife and then falls after midlife in both sexes, is unknown. We aimed to analyse whether long-term pre-pandemic psychological distress trajectories were disrupted during the pandemic, and whether these changes have been different across cohorts and by sex.Methods and findingsWe used data from three nationally representative birth cohorts comprising all people born in Great Britain in a single week of 1946 (National Survey of Health and Development, NSHD), 1958 (National Child Development Study, NCDS), or 1970 (British Cohort Study, BCS70). The follow-up data used spanned 39 years in NSHD (1982 to 2021), 40 years in NCDS (1981 to 2001), and 25 years in BCS70 (1996 to 2021). We used psychological distress factor scores, as measured by validated self-reported questionnaires (NSHD: Present State Examination, Psychiatric Symptoms Frequency, and 28- and 12-item versions of General Health Questionnaire; NCDS and BCS70: Malaise Inventory; all: 2-item versions of Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale and Patient Health Questionnaire). We used a multilevel growth curve modelling approach to model the trajectories of distress across cohorts and sexes and obtained estimates of the differences between the distress levels observed during the pandemic and those observed at the most recent pre-pandemic assessment and at the peak in the cohort-specific pre-pandemic distress trajectory, located at midlife. We further analysed whether pre-existing cohort and sex inequalities had changed with the pandemic onset using a difference-in-differences (DiD) approach. The analytic sample included 16,389 participants. By September/October 2020, distress levels had reached or exceeded the levels of the peak in the pre-pandemic life-course trajectories, with larger increases in younger cohorts (standardised mean differences [SMD] and 95% confidence intervals of SMDNSHD,pre-peak = −0.02 [−0.07, 0.04], SMDNCDS,pre-peak = 0.05 [0.02, 0.07], and SMDBCS70,pre-peak = 0.09 [0.07, 0.12] for the 1946, 1958, and 1970 birth cohorts, respectively). Increases in distress were larger among women than men, widening pre-existing sex inequalities (DiD and 95% confidence intervals of DiDNSHD,sex,pre-peak = 0.17 [0.06, 0.28], DiDNCDS,sex,pre-peak = 0.11 [0.07, 0.16], and DiDBCS70,sex,pre-peak = 0.11 [0.05, 0.16] when comparing sex inequalities in the pre-pandemic peak in midlife to those observed by September/October 2020). As expected in cohort designs, our study suffered from high proportions of attrition with respect to the original samples. Although we used non-response weights to restore sample representativeness to the target populations (those born in the United Kingdom in 1946, 1958, and 1970, alive and residing in the UK), results may not be generalisable to other sections within the UK population (e.g., migrants and ethnic minority groups) and countries different than the UK.ConclusionsPre-existing long-term psychological distress trajectories of adults born between 1946 and 1970 were disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among women, who reached the highest levels ever recorded in up to 40 years of follow-up data. This may impact future trends of morbidity, disability, and mortality due to common mental health problems.

Life history characteristics, harvest data, population trends and conservation statuses of huntable waterbirds in the UK. Wintering bird populations for the UK were obtained from the latest published estimates (Frost et al. 2019). The estimate for mallard was increased by 2.6 million birds to account for the annual release of captive-raised birds for shooting purposes (Madden 2021). We estimated a standard deviation for the population estimates by averaging the Wetland Bird Survey (WeBS; Frost et al. 2021) index for each species for the winters 2012/13 – 2016/17, which corresponded to the period used to estimate duck populations. We treated this mean index as equal to the estimate from Frost et al. (2019) and then calculated population estimates for each year based on their WeBS indices and calculated the standard deviation of these estimates. Population estimates for greylag goose, pink-footed goose, golden plover, snipe and woodcock were based on single years, but the same time frame was applied to standard deviation estimates in order to account for any interannual differences. The latest (2016) harvest estimates and 95% confidence intervals were taken from Aebischer (2019). Species specific body mass was taken from Robinson (2005). Where sex-specific body mass was reported we averaged male and female masses. Methods We modelled the resident and migratory populations of greylag geese and woodcock separately. The resident woodcock population was estimated as three times the number of breeding males. This was subtracted from the total estimated overwintering woodcock population to provide an estimate of the migratory woodcock population. Resident woodcock harvest was estimated as equal to the proportion of breeding birds in the overwinter population (13%) The remaining 87% of total harvest was assigned to migratory woodcock. We recognise that further mortality of UK breeding woodcock will occur outside the UK in southern Europe, but we have no estimate of this mortality and can only consider the contribution of UK hunters to the harvest of birds that winter in the UK in this initial assessment. Population estimates for Icelandic and British greylag geese overwintering in the UK are reported separately and no adjustment is needed. An estimated harvest of migratory Icelandic greylag geese in the UK (Frederiksen 2002) was deducted from the total UK greylag goose harvest to provide an estimate of the harvest of British greylag geese. However, it should be noted that the estimate was from 1996-2000 and no new estimates have been made. Short-term (2008-2018) and long-term (1970-2018) wintering population trends were taken from Burns et al. (2020), except for common snipe and Eurasian woodcock. Common snipe trends were taken from Woodward et al. (2020), with caution advised due to the small sample size. Resident woodcock long-term and short-term population trends were estimated at -29% for both on the basis of reported declines in breeding woodcock (Balmer et al. 2013; Heward et al. 2015). Migratory woodcock short-term and long-term trends were estimated at -11% and -22% on the basis of a 4-18% decline from 2008-2018 and an 11-33% decline from 1980-2018 (BirdLife International 2021). Bird population status in the UK (Red/Amber/Green) was taken from Birds of Conservation Concern 5 (BoCC5; Stanbury et al. 2021). Estimates of adult survival were taken from Robinson (2005) with reported standard errors multiplied by 1.96 to give an approximate 95% confidence interval. The average standard error for all reported waterbirds (0.03) was used for species when no standard error was reported (e.g. wigeon, shoveler, greylag goose, woodcock and golden plover). We used the same survival estimates for both resident and migratory populations of woodcock and greylag geese. These adult survival estimates include mortality from hunting and so are likely to underestimate the maximum achievable survival rates under optimal conditions and so survival was also estimated using species mass. Age at first reproduction (alpha) was also taken from Robinson (2005).