Data underlying comparisons of UK productivity against that of the remaining G7 countries.

Data underlying comparisons of UK productivity against that for 29 European countries across 10 industries on a GVA per hour worked basis.

In 2023, London had a gross domestic product of over 569 billion British pounds, by far the most of any region of the United Kingdom. The region of South East England which surrounds London had the second-highest GDP in this year, at over 360 billion pounds. North West England, which includes the major cities of Manchester and Liverpool, had the third-largest GDP among UK regions, at almost 250 billion pounds. Levelling Up the UK London’s economic dominance of the UK can clearly be seen when compared to the other regions of the country. In terms of GDP per capita, the gap between London and the rest of the country is striking, standing at over 63,600 pounds per person in the UK capital, compared with just over 37,100 pounds in the rest of the country. To address the economic imbalance, successive UK governments have tried to implement "levelling-up policies", which aim to boost investment and productivity in neglected areas of the country. The success of these programs going forward may depend on their scale, as it will likely take high levels of investment to reverse economic neglect regions have faced in the recent past. Overall UK GDP The gross domestic product for the whole of the United Kingdom amounted to 2.56 trillion British pounds in 2024. During this year, GDP grew by 0.9 percent, following a growth rate of 0.4 percent in 2023. Due to the overall population of the UK growing faster than the economy, however, GDP per capita in the UK fell in both 2023 and 2024. Nevertheless, the UK remains one of the world’s biggest economies, with just five countries (the United States, China, Japan, Germany, and India) having larger economies. It is it likely that several other countries will overtake the UK economy in the coming years, with Indonesia, Brazil, Russia, and Mexico all expected to have larger economies than Britain by 2050.

Key information about EU Labour Productivity Growth

• European Union Labour Productivity improved by 0.67 % YoY in Dec 2024, compared with a growth of 0.32 % in the previous quarter
• EU Labour Productivity Growth data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 2006 to Dec 2024, averaging at 0.68 %
• The data reached an all-time high of 13.18 % in Jun 2021 and a record low of -10.87 % in Jun 2020

The TPI Productivity Lab Quarterly Data ToolThe TPI Productivity Lab Quarterly Data Tool is a tool that can be utilised to rapidly create visualisations for national-level quarterly data. Countries available to visualise within the tool include the UK, the US, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Ireland, Denmark, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania and Sweden. Aggregate data is available for European Union countries reflecting country membership at the time of selection (e.g. 15 countries in 2000, 24 in 2004, 27 in 2024). Furthermore, it includes an aggregate for the Euro Zone, representing the 20 countries that use the Euro as their official currency.The tool provides customisation options, including the selection of quarterly or yearly data, specific time periods, productivity measures, and countries. For quarterly data, different visualisations can be generated including 2D line graphs, 3D line graphs, Quarter-on-Quarter bar charts and Year-on-Year bar charts. Visualisations can be saved in PNG format by clicking the camera icon located in the top right-hand corner of the displayed visualisation.The data sources and methodology document describes all the methodology and data sources used in the tool.See the data tool here (https://lab.productivity.ac.uk/tools/international-quarterly/) TPI Quarterly Data ToolSee the blog associated with the data tool: Comparing Productivity Across Borders: Introducing the TPI Quarterly Data Tool - The Productivity Institute

The statistic shows GDP per capita in the United Kingdom from 1987 to 2020, with projections up until 2030. In 2020, GDP per capita in the United Kingdom was at around 40,230.55 US dollars. The same year, the total UK population amounted to about 67.26 million people. The United Kingdom is among the leading countries in a world GDP ranking.Falling unemployment in a time of recessionGDP is a useful indicator when it comes to measuring the state of a nation’s economy. GDP is the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time, usually a year. GDP per capita equals exactly the GDI (gross domestic income) per capita and is not a measure of an individual’s personal income.As can be seen clearly in the statistic, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in the United Kingdom is beginning to increase, albeit not to pre-recession levels. The UK is beginning to see signs of an economic recovery, though as of yet it remains unclear what sort of recovery this is. Questions have been raised as to whether the growth being seen is the right sort of growth for a well balanced recovery across the necessary sectors. An interesting oddity occurred in the United Kingdom for nine months in 2012, which saw a decreasing unemployment occurring at the same time as dip in nationwide economic productivity. This seems like good - if not unusual - news, but could be indicative of people entering part-time employment. It could also suggest that labor productivity is falling, meaning that the UK would be less competitive as a nation. The figures continue to rise, however, with an increase in employment in the private sector. With the rate of inflation in the UK impacting everyone’s daily lives, it is becoming increasingly difficult for vulnerable groups to maintain a decent standard of living.

In 2024, gross domestic product per capita in the United Kingdom was 37,044 British pounds, compared with 37,033 pounds in the previous year. In general, while GDP per capita has grown quite consistently throughout this period, there are noticeable declines, especially between 2007 and 2009, and between 2019 and 2020, due to the Global Financial Crisis, and COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Why is GDP per capita stagnating when the economy is growing? During the last two years that GDP per capita fell and then stagnated in the UK, the overall economy grew by 0.4 percent in 2023 and 1.1 percent in 2024. While the overall UK economy is therefore larger than it was in 2022, the UK's population has grown at a faster rate, resulting in the lower GDP per capita figure. The long-term slump in the UK's productivity, as measured by output per hour worked, has meant that the gap between GDP growth and GDP per capita growth has been widening for some time. Economy remains the main concern of UK voters As of February 2025, the economy was seen as the main issue facing the UK, just ahead of immigration, health, and several other problems in the country. While Brexit was seen as the most important issue before COVID-19, and concerns about health were dominant throughout 2020 and 2021, the economy has generally been the primary facing voters issue since 2022. The surge in inflation throughout 2022 and 2023, and the impact this had on wages and living standards, resulted in a very tough period for UK households. As of January 2025, 57 percent of households were still noticing rising living costs, although this is down from a peak of 91 percent in August 2022.

We examine the "technology sourcing" hypothesis that foreign research labs located in the U.S. tap into U.S. R&D spillovers and improve home country productivity. We show that U.K. firms that established a high proportion of inventors based in the U.S. by 1990 benefited disproportionately from the growth of U.S. R&D stock over the next ten years. We estimate that U.S. R&D during the 1990s was associated with 5 percent higher Total Factor Productivity for U.K. manufacturing firms in 2000 (about $13 billion), with the majority of benefits accruing to firms with an innovative presence in the U.S. (JEL F23, O32, O33)

This dataset aims to provide additional evidence of the effects of government intervention on productivity by studying the impact of the abolition of the Net Book Agreement (NBA) in the UK in the mid 1990s. The dataset uses the UK book industry pre-abolition as a comparator to UK performance post-abolition. It also compares the UK book market to the German book market, which - like several other European countries - continue to maintain fixed book price systems. The principal data used to compute productivity was obtained from the database: AMADEUS. This provides financial information for approximately nine million public and private companies across Europe. Attention was restricted to book retailers and publishers with five or more employees (although data was often not available for firms this small).

The ESRC Centre for Competition Policy (CCP) at the University of East Anglia (UEA) undertakes interdisciplinary research into competition policy and regulation that has real-world policy relevance without compromising academic rigour.

It prides itself on the interdisciplinary nature of the research and the members are drawn from a range of disciplines, including economics, law, business and political science.

The Centre was established in September 2004, building on the pre-existing Centre for Competition and Regulation (CCR), with a grant from the ESRC (Economic and Social Research Council). It currently boasts a total of 26 faculty members (including the Director and a Political Science Mentor), 4 full- and part-time researchers and 23 PhD students.

U.K. GDP per capita for 2023 was $49,464, a 7.68% increase from 2022.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>U.K. GDP per capita for 2022 was <strong>$45,936</strong>, a <strong>2.05% decline</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>U.K. GDP per capita for 2021 was <strong>$46,897</strong>, a <strong>16.65% increase</strong> from 2020.</li>
<li>U.K. GDP per capita for 2020 was <strong>$40,202</strong>, a <strong>5.77% decline</strong> from 2019.</li>
</ul>GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

In 2023, the gross domestic product per capita in London was 63,618 British pounds, compared with 37,135 pounds per capita for the United Kingdom as a whole. Apart from London, the only other region of the UK that had a greater GDP per capita than the UK average was South East England, at 38,004 pounds per capita. By contrast, North East England had the lowest GDP per capita among UK regions, at 26,347 pounds. Regional imbalance in the UK economy? London's overall GDP in 2022 was over 508 billion British pounds, which accounted for almost a quarter of the overall GDP of the United Kingdom. South East England had the second-largest regional economy in the country, with a GDP of almost 341.7 billion British pounds. Furthermore, these two regions were the only ones that had higher levels of productivity (as measured by output per hour worked) than the UK average. While recent governments have recognized regional inequality as a major challenge facing the country, it may take several years for any initiatives to bear fruit. The creation of regional metro mayors across England is one of the earliest attempts at giving regions and cities in particular more power over spending in their regions than they currently have. UK economy growth slow in late 2024 After ending 2023 with two quarters of negative growth, the UK economy grew at the reasonable rate of 0.8 percent and 0.4 percent in the first and second quarters of the year. This was, however, followed by zero growth in the third quarter, and by just 0.1 percent in the last quarter of the year. Other economic indicators, such as the inflation rate, fell within the expected range in 2024, but have started to rise again, with a rate of three percent recorded in January 2025. While unemployment has witnessed a slight uptick since 2022, it is still at quite low levels compared with previous years.

Eight regressions, covering NUTS1 regions and countries, Rural Urban Classification, two-digit Standard Industrial Classification 2007 (SIC 2007), three-digit SIC 2007, local unit size and enterprise size.

This panel dataset was generated in the Spring of 2019 to complete the analysis of trends of both country level water stress and water productivity. Additional data was added to complete an econometric analysis of the relationships between productivity and stress as well as potential drivers of water stress. This Excel dataset was imported into Stata for the econometric analysis.

Management has a large effect on the productivity of large firms. But does management matter in micro and small firms, where the majority of the labour force in developing countries works? This study developed 26 questions that measure business practices in marketing, stock-keeping, record-keeping, and financial planning. These questions were administered in surveys in Bangladesh, Chile, Ghana, Kenya, Mexico, Nigeria, and Sri Lanka. This data helps to show that variation in business practices explains as much of the variation in outcomes—sales, profits, and labour productivity and total factor productivity—in micro-enterprises as in larger enterprises. These questions were included in surveys of micro and small enterprises conducted in seven countries between 2008 and 2014. These samples vary in their representativeness and size, since they were in most cases conducted as part of impact evaluations of particular programs.

Indicator : Regional gross value added (balanced) per head and income componentsSource : ONSFrequency : AnnualDefinition : Annual estimates of balanced UK regional gross value added (GVA(B)). Current price estimates, GVA per head and annual growth for UK countries, ITL1, ITL2 and ITL3 areas, with a broad industry breakdown and income components. This dataset covers the Midlands Engine area to MSOA level between 1998-2019 including latest annual percentage change.Period : 1998-2019Released : March 2022Link:https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossvalueaddedgva/datasets/nominalregionalgrossvalueaddedbalancedperheadandincomecomponents

Resource productivity is defined as the ratio between gross domestic product (GDP) and domestic material consumption (DMC). The indicator Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) is based on the Economy-wide Material Flow Accounts (EW-MFA). The theory of Economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA) includes compilations of the overall material inputs into national economy, the changes of material stock within the economy and the material outputs to other economies or to the environment. EW-MFA covers all solid, gaseous, and liquid materials, except water and air. Water included in products is included. Domestic material consumption (DMC) measures the total amount of materials directly used by an economy and is defined as the annual quantity of raw materials extracted from the domestic territory of the focal economy, plus all physical imports minus all physical exports. It is important to note that the term "consumption" as used in DMC denotes apparent consumption and not final consumption. DMC does not include upstream hidden flows (materials that are extracted or moved, but do not enter the economy) related to imports and exports of raw materials and products originating outside of the focal economy. When examining resource productivity trends over time in a single geographic area, the GDP that should be used is in units of Euros in chain-linked volumes to the reference year 2010. If comparisons of resource productivity between countries during one time period are made then the GDP in purchasing power standards should be used and not the chain-linked volume GDP figures. The source data can be found in the Eurostat dissemination database ´Eurobase´.

Metadata description: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/tsdpc100_esmsip.htm

Website:

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/tsdpc100

As of 2023, the population density in London was by far the highest number of people per square km in the UK, at *****. Of the other regions and countries which constitute the United Kingdom, North West England was the next most densely populated area at *** people per square kilometer. Scotland, by contrast, is the most sparsely populated country or region in the United Kingdom, with only ** people per square kilometer. Countries, regions, and cities According to the official mid-year population estimate, the population of the United Kingdom was just almost **** million in 2022. Most of the population lived in England, where an estimated **** million people resided, followed by Scotland at **** million, Wales at **** million and finally Northern Ireland at just over *** million. Within England, the South East was the region with the highest population at almost **** million, followed by the London region at around *** million. In terms of urban areas, Greater London is the largest city in the United Kingdom, followed by Greater Manchester and Birmingham in the North West and West Midlands regions of England. London calling London's huge size in relation to other UK cities is also reflected by its economic performance. In 2021, London's GDP was approximately *** billion British pounds, almost a quarter of UK GDP overall. In terms of GDP per capita, Londoners had a GDP per head of ****** pounds, compared with an average of ****** for the country as a whole. Productivity, expressed as by output per hour worked, was also far higher in London than the rest of the country. In 2021, London was around **** percent more productive than the rest of the country, with South East England the only other region where productivity was higher than the national average.

The median annual earnings in the United Kingdom was 37,430 British pounds per year in 2024. Annual earnings varied significantly by region, ranging from 47,455 pounds in London to 32,960 pounds in the North East. Along with London, two other areas of the UK had median annual earnings above the UK average; South East England, and Scotland, at 39,038 pounds and 38,315 pounds respectively. Regional Inequality in the UK Various other indicators highlight the degree of regional inequality in the UK, especially between London and the rest of the country. Productivity in London, as measured by output per hour, was 26.2 percent higher than the UK average. By comparison, every other UK region, except the South East, fell below the UK average for productivity. In gross domestic product per head, London was also an outlier. The average GDP per head in the UK was just over 37,000 pounds in 2023, but for London it was almost 64,000 pounds. Again, the South East's GDP per head was slightly above the UK average, with every other region below it. Within London itself, there is also a great degree of inequality. In 2023, for example, the average earnings in Kensington and Chelsea were 964 pounds per week, compared with 675 pounds in Barking and Dagenham. Wages continue to grow in 2025 In March 2025, weekly wages in the UK were growing by around 5.6 percent, or 1.8 percent when adjusted for inflation. For almost two years, wages have grown faster than inflation after a long period where prices were rising faster than wages between 2021 and 2023. This was due to a sustained period of high inflation in the UK, which peaked in October 2022 at 11.1 percent. Although inflation started to slow the following month, it wasn't until June 2023 that wages started to outpace inflation. By this point, the damage caused by high energy and food inflation had led to the the worst Cost of Living Crisis in the UK for a generation.

Experimental model-based estimates of quarterly regional gross value output for the nine English regions (North East, North West, Yorkshire and The Humber, East Midlands, West Midlands, East of England, London, South East, and South West), Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.

Proportion of patients (%) reporting treatment with COPD medications, home oxygen use, and influenza vaccination: Continuing to Confront COPD International Patient Survey, 2012–13.