In 2022/23, the proportion of all adult offenders who reoffended in England and Wales was 26 percent. Since 2008/09 the reoffending rate has fluctuated between a high of 31.6 percent in 2008/09 to a low of 24 percent in 2020/21.
This publication provides key statistics relating to the reoffending of offenders who were released from custody, received a non-custodial conviction at court, or received a caution. Latest figures for the three-month October to December 2022 offender cohort.
We regularly carry out work to improve our statistics and geography breakdowns, therefore please refer to the latest publication for the most up-to-date figures.
The bulletin is produced and handled by the Ministry’s analytical professionals and production staff.
Pre-release access of up to 24 hours is granted to the following persons:
This statistic shows the adult re-offending rate in the United Kingdom from financial year 2007/08 to 2013. Over the period in consideration, the rate of re-offence remained stable until it rose in 2013 to peak at 10.25 percent.
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Statistics on the reoffending of adults under supervision of the Probation Service in England and Wales
Source: Ministry of Justice (MoJ)
Publisher: Ministry of Justice (MoJ)
Geographies: County/Unitary Authority, Police Force Area
Geographic coverage: England and Wales
Time coverage: 2007 to 2009
Type of data: Administrative data
The quarterly release presents statistics on the reoffending of adults under supervision of the Probation Service in England and Wales. Data are available at the regional, probation area and local authority level.
These statistics will be published on a quarterly basis, and are available via the Ministry of Justice website.
All tables show 12 months of data, from the first day of the first month to the final day of the final month.
Data for the City of London is based on low numbers and has only been included for completeness in covering all Local Area Agreements. Any changes between actual and predicted rates should therefore be treated with caution.
To see the statistics from MOJ click here, for further document collections from MOJ click here.
This publication provides key statistics relating to the reoffending of offenders who were released from custody, received a non-custodial conviction at court, or received a caution. Latest figures for the three-monthly October to December 2020 offender cohort are provided.
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1049654/proven-reoffending-jan20-mar20-annual_Final.ods" class="govuk-link">Link to latest annual offender cohort figures.
As part of this edition of the proven reoffending statistics, the following are also being released:
We regularly carry out work to improve our statistics and geography breakdowns, therefore please refer to the latest publication for the most up to date figures.
The bulletin is produced and handled by the Ministry’s analytical professionals and production staff.
Pre-release access of up to 24 hours is granted to the following persons:
Ministry of Justice: Deputy Prime Minister, Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice; Minister of State; Permanent Secretary; Deputy Director, Reducing Reoffending; Deputy Director, Service Design; Deputy Director of Probation Policy; Deputy Director, Public Protection Group; Deputy Director, Data and Evidence as a Service; relevant private secretaries (x2), special advisors (x3); press officers (x13); analysts (x9); and policy officials (x3).
Her Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS): Deputy Director, Reducing Reoffending; and policy official (x1).
Youth Justice Board (YJB): YJB analysts (x1).
The report is released by the Ministry of Justice and produced in accordance with arrangements approved by the UK Statistics Authority.
For further information about the Justice Data Lab, please refer to the following guidance:
http://www.justice.gov.uk/justice-data-lab" class="govuk-link">http://www.justice.gov.uk/justice-data-lab
Two requests are being published this quarter: The Thinking Skills Programme (2010-2019), and Lancashire Women – second request (2015-2021).
There are two Thinking Skills Programme (TSP) reports which evaluate (a) the impact on reoffending behaviour, and (b) the impact on prison misconduct, for individuals who participated in the TSP. The TSP is an accredited offending behaviour programme designed and delivered by His Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS).
The reoffending study involved a treatment group of 20,293 adults (18,555 males, 1,738 females) who participated in the TSP in custody between 2010 and 2019. Proven reoffending was measured over a two-year period from the point of release from custody.
Over a two-year period from release, men who participated in the TSP were less likely to reoffend, reoffended less frequently, and took longer to reoffend, compared to similar males who did not participate in the TSP. These results were statistically significant and the effect sizes were very small.
Results indicated that over a two-year period following release, females who participated in the TSP reoffended less frequently, compared to similar females who did not participate in the TSP. These results were statistically significant with very small effect sizes.
The prison misconduct study involved a treatment group of 13,891 adults (12,938 males, and 953 females) who participated in the TSP between 2011 and 2019.
The male headline analysis results showed that over a 6-month period after starting the TSP those who had participated were less likely to receive an adjudication compared to males who did not participate in the TSP and received an adjudication less frequently. These results had very small effect sizes and were statistically significant.
The female headline analyses showed that over a 6-month period after starting the TSP females who had participated in the TSP received any form of adjudication less frequently compared to those who did not participate in the TSP. This result had a very small effect size and was statistically significant.
Lancashire Women support women involved, or at risk of involvement, in the criminal justice system. The gender specific organisation offers support around societal stigmas, housing, emotional wellbeing, education, employment, and family and relationships. This is the second JDL evaluation for Lancashire Women, looking at programme participants between 2015 and 2021.
The overall results show that those who took part in the Lancashire Women were less likely to reoffend, reoffended less frequently and took longer to reoffend than those who did not take part. These results were statistically significant.
The Justice Data Lab team have brought in reoffending data for the second quarter of 2021 into the service. It is now possible for an organisation to submit information on the individuals it was working with up to the end of June 2021, in addition to during the years 2002 to 2020.
The bulletins are produced and handled by the Ministry’s analytical professionals and production staff. Pre-release access of up to 24 hours is granted to the following persons: Minister of State, Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice, Special Advisers, Permanent Secretary, Deputy Head of News, 1 Director General, 6 press officers, 18 policy officials, and 5 analytical officials. Relevant Special Advisers and Private Office staff of Ministers and senior officials may have access to pre-release figures to inform briefing and handling arrangements.
The compendium of reoffending statistics and analysis contains a selection of papers summarising analysis produced by the Ministry of Justice on reoffending.
As of 2023, there were approximately 2,527 prisoners in Scotland aged between 25 and 34, the highest among the provided age groups. By contrast, there were just 248 prisoners aged 65 or over.
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Young people are those aged 10-17. The young offenders cohort is established during the period January to March and includes all those receiving a pre-court disposal (reprimand or final warning) or a first-tier or community penalty or who are released from custody. This cohort is then tracked for 12 months to determine the total number of offences committed by those in the cohort. A reoffence is counted if it occurs within the 12 month tracking period and leads to a pre-court disposal or a court conviction, even if the pre-court disposal or court conviction occurs outside the 12 month period. By knowing the total number of reoffences and the total number of young people in the cohort, the average rate of reoffending can be calculated. All offences will count even if two or more offences are grouped for sentencing purposes and result in only one pre-court disposal or court conviction. Source: Youth Offending Team Publisher: DCLG Floor Targets Interactive Geographies: County/Unitary Authority, Government Office Region (GOR), National Geographic coverage: England Time coverage: 2002 to 2009 Type of data: Administrative data
In 2022/23 there were approximately 7,426 male prisoners in Scotland, compared with 282 female ones. During the provided time period, male prisoner numbers in Scotland peaked during 2019/20, when there were 7,796, while the number of female prisoners was highest in 2011/12, at 469.
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The annual release presents statistics on the reoffending of adults released from custody or starting a community sentence in England and Wales in the first quarter of a particular year. The data relate to reoffending in two-year and one-year follow up periods that results in a conviction. The release also measures progress on targets to reduce reoffending.
Source agency: Justice
Designation: National Statistics
Language: English
Alternative title: Reoffending of adults
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These releases present statistics on the reoffending of juveniles released from custody or commencing out-of-court or non-custodial court disposals in England and Wales in the first quarter of a particular year. The data relate to reoffending in a one-year follow up period where the re-offence results in a conviction or out-of-court disposal. The releases also measure progress on government targets to reduce reoffending.
Source agency: Justice
Designation: National Statistics
Language: English
Alternative title: Reoffending of juveniles
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From the Police National Computer. First published from PNC in 2005; latest publication in May 2009.
The report is released by the Ministry of Justice and produced in accordance with arrangements approved by the UK Statistics Authority. For further information about the Justice Data Lab, please refer to the following guidance.
Two reports are being published this quarter: Prisoners Education Trust (4th analysis) and Resolve accredited programme.
Prisoners’ Education Trust (PET) funds prisoners to study courses via distance learning in subjects and at levels that are not generally available through mainstream education.
This analysis looked at the employment outcomes and reoffending behaviour of 9,041 adults who received grants for distance learning through Prisoners’ Education Trust (PET) schemes between 2001 and 2017. This analysis is a follow up of previous PET analyses which looked at the reoffending behaviour and employment outcomes of a smaller group of people.
The overall results show that those who received PET grants were less likely to reoffend in the year after their release from prison and more likely to be employed, compared with a group of similar offenders who did not receive these grants.
Resolve is a moderate intensity accredited programme designed and delivered by HMPPS. The prison-based programme is a cognitive-behavioural therapy-informed offending behaviour programme, which aims to improve outcomes related to violence in adult males who are of a medium risk of reoffending.
The analysis looked at the reoffending behaviour of 2,509 adult males who participated in the Resolve custody programme at some point between 2011 and 2018 and who were released from prison between 2011 and 2018. It covers one and two-year general and violent reoffending measures.
The headline results for one-year proven general reoffending (includes all reoffending) show that those who took part in the programme in England and Wales were less likely to reoffend, reoffended less frequently and took longer to reoffend than those how did not take part. The headline results for two-year proven general reoffending show that those who took part were less likely to reoffend, reoffended less frequently and took longer to reoffend that those how did not take part. These results were statistically significant.
For proven violent reoffences (a subset of general reoffending), the headline one and two-year results did not show that the programme had a statistically significant effect on a person’s reoffending behaviour, but this should not be taken to mean it fails to have an effect.
Further analyses were also conducted to examine the specific effects of Resolve on relevant sub-groups for proven general reoffending and violent reoffending. Among the one-year violent sub-analyses, those who only participated in Resolve were significantly less likely to reoffend violently and reoffended violently less frequently than those who did not take part. There were no statistically significant sub-analyses for the two-year violent measures.
Organisation can submit information on the individuals they were working with between 2002 and the end of March 2018. The bulletin is produced and handled by the Ministry’s analytical professionals and production staff. Pre-release access of up to 24 hours is granted to the following persons: Ministry of Justice Secretary of State, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State - Minister for Prisons and Probation, Permanent Secretary, Director General of Policy and Strategy Group, Director General for Prisons, Director General for Probation, Chief Financial Officer, Head of News, 2 Chief Press Officers, 11 policy and analytical advisers for reducing reoffending and rehabilitation policy, special advisors, 4 press officers, and 6 private secretaries.
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Number of convictions recorded against Prolific and other Priority Offenders.
The Electronic Monitoring Statistics publication is published to ensure transparency of the use and delivery of electronic monitoring across England and Wales. It contains details of the number of individuals with an active electronic device fitted, the numbers of new notification orders and the completed orders. This publication covers the period up to 30 June 2024.
The Electronic Monitoring Statistics publication is produced and handled by the Ministry of Justice’s (MOJ) analytical professionals and production staff. Pre-release access of up to 24 hours is granted to the following persons:
Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice; Permanent Secretary; Director General of Probation and Wales; Media Special Advisor; HMPPS Change Executive Director; Electronic Monitoring SRO; Head of Electronic Monitoring Future Services; Associate Commercial Specialist; Electronic Monitoring Operational Policy Lead; Head of Electronic Monitoring Operations; Head of Electronic Monitoring Contract Management; Head of Future Service Quality & Performance; Electronic Monitoring and Early Resolution Policy Lead; Head of Prisons, Probation and Reoffending, and Head of Profession for Statistics; Head of HMPPS Performance; Head of MOJ Strategic Performance; relevant Press Officers (x4); Senior Digital Content Manager
Electronic Monitoring Service Delivery Lead
Biennial statistics on the representation of sex groups as victims, suspects, defendants, offenders and employees in the Criminal Justice System.
These reports are released by the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) and produced in accordance with arrangements approved by the UK Statistics Authority.
The bulletin is produced and handled by the ministry’s analytical professionals and production staff. Pre-release access of up to 24 hours is granted to the following persons:
Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice; Minister of State for Prisons and Probation; Parliamentary Under Secretary of State; Parliamentary Under Secretary of State; Lords spokesperson – Ministry of Justice; Permanent Secretary; Director General, Chief Financial Officer; Deputy Director, Bail, Sentencing and Release Policy; Director, Offender and Youth Justice Policy; Director General, Policy and Strategy Group; Director, Data & Analytical Services Directorate Acting Head of Justice Statistics Analytical Services; Head of Criminal Court Statistics; Head of HMPPS Equalities Statistics; Lead on HMPPS Equalities report; Head YJB Statistics; Senior Data Analyst, YJB; Legal Aid Statistician; Head of Prison and Probation Statistics; Team Leader, Prison Statistics; Reoffending, Probation and Payment by Results Statistics; Senior Statistical Officer; Statistical Officer; Acting Head of Data Innovation, Analysis and Linking; Head of Sentencing, Criminal Records and Community Justice Policy, Policy Lead, Female Offenders; 7 Policy Advisors; 10 Private Secretaries; Head of News; 5 Press Officers; 1 Special Advisor.
Home Secretary; Minister of State for Crime and Policing; Permanent Secretary, Home Office; Director of Crime, Home Office; Chief Statistician; Head of Crime and Policing Statistics; 3 Crime and Policing Analysts; 3 Police Powers Unit Policy; Policing Minister’s Private Office; 3 Private Secretaries; 3 Press Officers.
Lord Chief Justice; Head of the Criminal Justice Team; and 2 Private Secretaries.
2 Research Officers.
2 Research Officers; and 1 Press Officer.
1 Analyst.
1 Research Officer.
The report is released by the Ministry of Justice and produced in accordance with arrangements approved by the UK Statistics Authority. For further information about the Justice Data Lab, please refer to the following guidance.
One request is being published this quarter: Penrose CJS
Penrose CJS supported men mainly between the ages of 26 and 50 (at the date of release) who were sentenced to less than 12 months in custody under the Offender Rehabilitation Act (ORA).
The overall results show that those who took part in the intervention had a lower one-year proven reoffending rate, and lower reoffending frequency compared to a matched comparison group.
The Justice Data Lab team have brought in reoffending data for the first quarter of 2018 into the service. It is now possible for an organisation to submit information on the individuals it was working with up to the end of March 2018, in addition to during the years 2002 to 2017.
The bulletin is produced and handled by the Ministry’s analytical professionals and production staff. Pre-release access of up to 24 hours is granted to the following persons: Ministry of Justice Secretary of State, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State - Minister for Prisons and Probation, Acting Permanent Secretary, Director General of Offender Reform and Commissioning Group, Acting Head of News, Chief Press Officer, 11 policy and analytical advisers for reducing reoffending and rehabilitation policy, special advisors, 2 press officers, and 4 private secretaries.
This is qualitative data collection of semi-structured interviews conducted between June-July 2023, and online surveys conducted throughout 2022, within a study that examined how the Prisons and Probation Ombudsman (seek to) effect change in prisons following prisoner suicides and how verbatim film can help to increase the impact of research findings. The study ran from 2021-2023.
Prisoner suicide rates are consistently higher than rates among communities living outside. Between 2012 and 2016, England and Wales’s prison suicide rates more than doubled, hitting record numbers in 2016. Often those most invested in prison safety are those personally impacted, and campaigns by prisoners’ families can have material effects. This project included a collaboration between an academic research team, a bereaved parent and a theatre company, which aimed to raise awareness of prison suicide through verbatim film and communicate key messages to stakeholders across criminal justice.
In May 2019, Dutch courts refused to deport an English suspected drug smuggler, citing the potential for inhuman and degrading treatment at HMP Liverpool. This well publicised judgment illustrates the necessity of my FLF: reconceptualising prison regulation, for safer societies. It seeks to save lives and money, and reduce criminal reoffending.
Over 10.74 million people are imprisoned globally. The growing transnational significance of detention regulation was signalled by the Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention against Torture/OPCAT. Its 89 signatories, including the UK, must regularly examine treatment and conditions. The quality of prison life affects criminal reoffending rates, so the consequences of unsafe prisons are absorbed by our societies. Prison regulation is more urgent than ever. England and Wales' prisons are now less safe than at any point in recorded history, containing almost 83,000 prisoners: virtually all of whom will be released at some point. In 2016, record prison suicides harmed prisoners, staff and bereaved families, draining 385 million punds from public funds. Record prisoner self-harm was seen in 2017, then again in 2018. Criminal reoffending costs £15 billion annually. Deteriorating prison safety poses a major moral, social, economic and public health threat, attracting growing recognition.
Reconceptualising prison regulation is a difficult multidisciplinary challenge. Regulation includes any activity seeking to steer events in prisons. Effective prison regulation demands academic innovation and sustained collaboration and implementation with practitioners from different sectors (e.g. public, voluntary), regulators, policymakers, and prisoners: from local to (trans)national levels. Citizen participation has become central to realising more democratic, sustainable public services but is not well integrated across theory-policy-practice. I will coproduce prison regulation with partners, including the Prisons and Probation Ombudsman, voluntary organisations Safe Ground and the Prison Reform Trust, and (former) prisoners.
This FLF examines three diverse case study countries: England and Wales, Brazil and Canada, developing multinational implications. This approach is ambitious and risky, but critical for challenging commonsensical beliefs. Interviews, focus groups, observation and creative methodologies will be used. There are three aims, to:
i) theorise the (potential) participatory roles of prisoners and the voluntary sector in prison regulation
ii) appraise the (normative) relationships between multisectoral regulators (e.g. public, voluntary) from local to (trans)national scales
iii) co-produce (with multisectoral regulators), pilot, document and disseminate models of participatory, effective and efficient prison regulation in England and Wales (and beyond) - integrating multisectoral, multiscalar penal overseers and prisoners into regulatory theory and practice.
This is an innovative study. Punishment scholars have paid limited attention to regulation. Participatory networks of (former) prisoners are a relatively new formation but rapidly growing in influence. Nobody has yet considered agencies like the Prisons Inspectorate and Ombudsman alongside voluntary sector organisations and participatory networks, nor their collective influences from local to transnational scales. Nobody has tried to work with all of these agencies to reconceptualise prison regulation and test it in practice.
Findings will be developed, disseminated and implemented internationally. The research team will present findings and engage with diverse stakeholders and decision makers through interactive workshops (Parliament, London, Manchester, Liverpool and Birmingham), and multimedia outputs (e.g. infographics). This FLF has implications for prisons and detention globally, and broader relevance as a case study of participatory regulation of public services and policy translation.
In 2022/23, the proportion of all adult offenders who reoffended in England and Wales was 26 percent. Since 2008/09 the reoffending rate has fluctuated between a high of 31.6 percent in 2008/09 to a low of 24 percent in 2020/21.