Maps of rural areas in England (Census 2001).
Defra statistics: rural
Email mailto:rural.statistics@defra.gov.uk">rural.statistics@defra.gov.uk
<p class="govuk-body">You can also contact us via Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/DefraStats" class="govuk-link">https://twitter.com/DefraStats</a></p>
A compendium of housing statistics for Rural and Urban areas in England.
The June 2025 release of the Digest includes analysis updates for the following topics within this theme:
The supplementary data tables provide additional statistics for each section of the Digest, using the Rural-Urban Classification categories. The Local Authority data tables supply the disaggregated datasets, used to conduct analysis in the Digest, at a Local Authority level where feasible.
Defra statistics: rural
Email mailto:rural.statistics@defra.gov.uk">rural.statistics@defra.gov.uk
<p class="govuk-body">You can also contact us via Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/DefraStats" class="govuk-link">https://twitter.com/DefraStats</a></p>
Copies of the Housing Statistics for Rural England publication are available from the National Archive.
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20250611155806/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/housing-statistics-for-rural-england" class="govuk-link">Housing Statistics for Rural England, 10 December 2024
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20240716154306/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/housing-statistics-for-rural-england" class="govuk-link">Housing Statistics for Rural England, 16 July 2024
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20240312163842/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/housing-statistics-for-rural-england" class="govuk-link">Housing Statistics for Rural England, 12 March 2024
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20240213162657/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/housing-statistics-for-rural-england" class="govuk-link">Housing Statistics for Rural England, 13 February 2024
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20231114164346/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/housing-statistics-for-rural-england" class="govuk-link">Housing Statistics for Rural England, 14 November 2023
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20230815152345/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/housing-statistics-for-rural-england" class="govuk-link">Housing Statistics for Rural England, 15 August 2023
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20230420154325/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/housing-statistics-for-rural-england" class="govuk-link">Housing Statistics for Rural England, 20 April 2023
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20230314171330/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/housing-statistics-for-rural-england" class="govuk-link">Housing Statistics for Rural England, 14 March 2023
Statistics up to 2022 can be found https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20230208015303/https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/statistical-digest-of-rural-england" class="govuk-link">here.
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United Kingdom UK: Rural Land Area data was reported at 183,648.922 sq km in 2010. This stayed constant from the previous number of 183,648.922 sq km for 2000. United Kingdom UK: Rural Land Area data is updated yearly, averaging 183,648.922 sq km from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2010, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 183,648.922 sq km in 2010 and a record low of 183,648.922 sq km in 2010. United Kingdom UK: Rural Land Area data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Land Use, Protected Areas and National Wealth. Rural land area in square kilometers, derived from urban extent grids which distinguish urban and rural areas based on a combination of population counts (persons), settlement points, and the presence of Nighttime Lights. Areas are defined as urban where contiguous lighted cells from the Nighttime Lights or approximated urban extents based on buffered settlement points for which the total population is greater than 5,000 persons.; ; Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)/Columbia University. 2013. Urban-Rural Population and Land Area Estimates Version 2. Palisades, NY: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/lecz-urban-rural-population-land-area-estimates-v2.; Sum;
In 2023, the urban population of the United Kingdom was approximately 57.6 million, while the rural population was around 10.5 million.
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Average weekly household expenditure on goods and services in the UK. Data are shown by region, age, income (including equivalised) group (deciles and quintiles), economic status, socio-economic class, housing tenure, output area classification, urban and rural areas (Great Britain only), place of purchase and household composition.
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<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>
<li>U.K. rural population for 2022 was <strong>10,576,752</strong>, a <strong>0.43% decline</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>U.K. rural population for 2021 was <strong>10,622,327</strong>, a <strong>1.63% decline</strong> from 2020.</li>
<li>U.K. rural population for 2020 was <strong>10,798,066</strong>, a <strong>1.17% decline</strong> from 2019.</li>
</ul>Rural population refers to people living in rural areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated as the difference between total population and urban population. Aggregation of urban and rural population may not add up to total population because of different country coverages.
The Rural Services Series monitors trends in access to services. This analysis uses the road network to provide the distances from each Output Area to each service. These figures give a measure of the availability of a service based on distance to that service. It does not factor in transportation options or cost elements which may affect usage of particular services.
<p class="gem-c-attachment_metadata"><span class="gem-c-attachment_attribute"><abbr title="OpenDocument Spreadsheet" class="gem-c-attachment_abbr">ODS</abbr></span>, <span class="gem-c-attachment_attribute">56 KB</span></p>
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This file is in an <a href="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/using-open-document-formats-odf-in-your-organisation" target="_self" class="govuk-link">OpenDocument</a> format
<p class="gem-c-attachment_metadata"><span class="gem-c-attachment_attribute"><abbr title="OpenDocument Spreadsheet" class="gem-c-attachment_abbr">ODS</abbr></span>, <span class="gem-c-attachment_attribute">12.7 MB</span></p>
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This file is in an <a href="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/using-open-document-formats-odf-in-your-organisation" target="_self" class="govuk-link">OpenDocument</a> format
Indicators:
percentage of people that live within a certain distance from a range of services
minimum distance from each Output Area to each service
Data source: There are various data sources - see metadata statement in the excel spreadsheet for details for each service that has been analysed.
Coverage: England
Rural classification used: Office for National Statistics Rural Urban Classification 2001
For further information please contact:
rural.statistics@defra.gsi.gov.uk
http://www.twitter.com/@defrastats" title="@DefraStats" class="govuk-link">Twitter@D
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United Kingdom UK: Rural Population Growth data was reported at -0.865 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of -0.794 % for 2016. United Kingdom UK: Rural Population Growth data is updated yearly, averaging -0.024 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.480 % in 1962 and a record low of -0.979 % in 2002. United Kingdom UK: Rural Population Growth data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Rural population refers to people living in rural areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated as the difference between total population and urban population.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on the United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization Prospects: 2018 Revision.; Weighted average;
Economic activity indicators showing the employment status and working patterns of people living in urban and rural areas.
These documents are part of the larger compendium publication the Statistical Digest of Rural England, a collection of rural statistics on a wide range of social and economic government policy areas. The statistics allow comparisons between the different rural and urban area classifications.
Indicators:
Data source: Office for National Statistics (ONS) Annual Business Inquiry (ABI)
Coverage: England
Rural classification used: Office for National Statistics Rural Urban Classification
Next release date: tbc
Defra statistics: rural
Email mailto:rural.statistics@defra.gov.uk">rural.statistics@defra.gov.uk
<p class="govuk-body">You can also contact us via Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/DefraStats" class="govuk-link">https://twitter.com/DefraStats</a></p>
This statistic shows broadband coverage in rural areas of the United Kingdom (UK) from 2013 to 2018, by broadband technology type. As of 2018, 86.2 percent of rural areas had access to DSL broadband technologies, while only 3.1 percent had access to standard cable technology.
A compendium of communities and households statistics for Rural and Urban areas in England.
The May 2025 release of the Communities and Households Digest includes analysis updates for the following topic within this theme:
The supplementary data tables provide additional statistics for each section of the Digest, using the Rural-Urban Classification categories. The Local Authority data tables supply the disaggregated datasets, used to conduct analysis in the Digest, at a Local Authority level where feasible.
Defra statistics: rural
Email mailto:rural.statistics@defra.gov.uk">rural.statistics@defra.gov.uk
<p class="govuk-body">You can also contact us via Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/DefraStats" class="govuk-link">https://twitter.com/DefraStats</a></p>
Copies of the Communities and Households Statistics for Rural England publication are available from the National Archive.
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20250513205557/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/communities-and-households-statistics-for-rural-england" class="govuk-link">Communities and Households Statistics for Rural England, 11 February 2025
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20241015153014/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/communities-and-households-statistics-for-rural-england" class="govuk-link">Communities and Households Statistics for Rural England, 15 October 2024
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20240910153034/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/communities-and-households-statistics-for-rural-england" class="govuk-link">Communities and Households Statistics for Rural England, 10 September 2024
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20240514152753/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/communities-and-households-statistics-for-rural-england" class="govuk-link">Communities and Households Statistics for Rural England, 14 May 2024
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20240312163826/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/communities-and-households-statistics-for-rural-england" class="govuk-link">Communities and Households Statistics for Rural England, 12 March 2024
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20231102003912/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/communities-and-households-statistics-for-rural-england" class="govuk-link">Communities and Households Statistics for Rural England, 2 November 2023
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20230815152434/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/communities-and-households-statistics-for-rural-england" class="govuk-link">Communities and Households Statistics for Rural England, 15 August 2023
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20230613144457/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/communities-and-households-statistics-for-rural-england" class="govuk-link">Communities and Households Statistics for Rural England, 13 June 2023
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20230516152305/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/communities-and-households-statistics-for-rural-england" class="govuk-link">Communities and Households Statistics for Rural England, 16 May 2023
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20230314171325/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/communities-and-households-statistics-for-rural-england" class="govuk-link">Communities and Households Statistics for Rural England, 14 March 2023
Statistics up to 2022 can be found https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20230208015303/https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/statistical-digest-of-rural-england" class="govuk-link">here.
This statistic shows the average urban, suburban and rural download speeds in the United Kingdom (UK) in November 2015. For urban areas, the average download speed was 50.5 Mbit/s, compared to only 13.7 Mbit/s in rural areas.
This is a mixed method data collection. The study is part of the Rural Economy and Land Use (RELU) programme. The data result from two RELU projects carried out by the same research team:
• Social and environmental conditions in rural areas (SECRA), 01/10/2004 - 30/09/2005
• Social and environmental inequalities in rural areas (SEIRA), 01/08/2007 -31/07/2009
Both SECRA and SEIRA consist of a series of social and environmental variables for the same 6,027 rural Lower Super Output Areas in England. SECRA is the base dataset produced during the pilot project. The SEIRA dataset contains additional variables. In addition, SEIRA also contains interviews with rural residents on perceptions of inequality and inequity. Interview results revealed that people recognise that rural areas offer limited opportunities for recreation and local services, and a lack of affordable housing.
SECRA: The dataset on social and environmental conditions in rural areas was intended to encourage and enable researchers and policy makers to include both social and environmental perspectives in their consideration of rural problems.
The original objectives of the one-year scoping study to produce the dataset were:
1. to compile a rural sustainability dataset incorporating both socio-economic and
environmental characteristics of rural census output areas in England;
2. to highlight and address the methodological difficulties in working with spatial and
survey data from sources in the social and environmental science domains;
3. to identify the limitations of currently available data for rural areas;
4. to pilot the use of the rural sustainability dataset for classifying rural areas according to socio-economic and environmental conditions and hence allowing the construction of typologies to provide sampling frames for further research and to inform policies for sustainable rural development;
5. to explore the possibilities of extending dataset coverage to Scotland and Northern
Ireland given differences in census data infrastructures and output design processes.
The SECRA dataset has been compiled at the level of the new Super Output Areas (SOAs) for England. The rural extent has been identified from the new Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) definition of urban and rural areas which relies primarily on the morphology and context of settlements.
Further information and documentation for this study may be found through the ESRC Research Catalogue: Developing spatial data for the classification of rural areas.
SEIRA: This research project has investigated the nature and extent of social and environmental inequalities and injustice in rural England addressing the questions:
1. How can we measure rural spatial inequalities in (a) socio-economic and (b) environmental-ecological characteristics of small-scale areas of England?
2. How can inequality measures inform our understanding of the distributions of social and environmental deprivation in rural England?
3. How do rural residents experience the kinds of inequality identified by the research, and what types of inequalities do they perceive as inequitable?
4. Are there identifiable areas of rural England where the potential for environmental and social inequity suggests a need for policy intervention?
Inequality in social, economic and environmental conditions has important implications for individuals or groups of people experiencing its negative effects, but also for society as a whole. In urban areas, poor environments are associated frequently with deprivation and social exclusion. Where the unequal distribution of social and environmental goods is considered unfair, it constitutes social or environmental injustice. This project has quantified inequalities in social and environmental conditions throughout rural England and identified those areas where inequalities are greatest. It has also enhanced understanding of perceptions of inequality and injustice in rural areas. The work shows how rural policy can be refined and targeted to tackle these multi-faceted problems in the most appropriate way for the benefit of society.
Further information for this study may be found through the ESRC Research Catalogue webpage: Social and environmental inequalities in rural areas.
https://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/geography/licenceshttps://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/geography/licences
This file provides a rural-urban view of 2001 Output Areas (OA) in England and Wales. The ZIP file contains the Rural Urban Classification in XLSX and CSV format and includes a user guide. The files were originally from the NeSS website. Click on the Download button in the top right corner to download the file.The classification of rural and urban areas is the outcome of a project co-sponsored by:Office for National Statistics (ONS);Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra);Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (now Communities and Local Government);Countryside Agency (CA); andNational Assembly for Wales (NAW).The classification was developed in 2004 by a consortium co-ordinated by Prof. John Shepherd from Birkbeck College. The technical work was lead by Peter Bibby of University of Sheffield and the project also involved the University of Glamorgan and Geowise. The rural and urban classification of Output Areas (this dataset), Super Output Areas and Wards has been provided to enable datasets to be analysed according to the classification. This provides a powerful tool for the development and monitoring of rural and urban policies.Please Note: Output Areas do not have all the same codes as the SOA and Ward level Datasets. For SOAs and Wards the classifications for ‘Villages, Hamlets and Isolated Dwellings’ have been combined.The classification enables each of the 175,434 Output Areas in England and Wales to be classified on the basis of context i.e. whether the surrounding area of a given Output Area is sparsely populated or less sparsely populated. Secondly, the classification enables Output Areas to be distinguished on a morphological basis - as predominantly urban or predominantly town and fringe, predominantly village or predominantly dispersed (which includes Hamlets and Isolated Dwellings). The key for these are shown below. The town and fringe, village, hamlet and isolated dwellings classifications are taken as being rural.2005 Rural and Urban morphology indicator:1 - denotes predominantly urban >10k2 - denotes predominantly town and fringe3 - denotes predominantly village4 - denotes predominantly dispersed (hamlet and isolated dwellings)2005 Rural and Urban context indicator:0 denotes less sparsely populated areas1 denotes sparsely populated areas
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How people feel about their neighbourhood across the UK. This dataset shows how people feel about their neighbourhood by looking at 5 measures of social capital and shows differences observed between regions,constituent countries and urban and rural areas by NSSEC
The project aimed to thoroughly examine the rural geographies of gentrification in France, the UK, and the USA through a comparative study of its theory, forms, and dynamics. It sought to determine whether rural gentrification could be used as a concept to explain changes in rural areas in these countries. he project began by using the concept of "sociologies of translation" to understand how the term "rural gentrification" was used in academic, policy, and popular discourses in the past and present in these countries. To identify the presence and use of social assets within rural gentrification, an asset-based theory was developed. National datasets were mapped using empirical indicators and comparable measures of rural, urban, and peri-urban spaces to analyse the geographies of gentrification in these countries and develop a typology of rural gentrification. The archive consists of the UK element of the International Rural Gentrification (iRGENT) project The dataset contains material from a questionnaire survey conducted in 9 villages, located in 6 local authority Districts in England
The Rural Economic Bulletin is a compendium of economics statistics for Rural and Urban areas in England.
Previously published as a separate report, the Bulletin is now one of the eight thematic reports which make up the Statistical Digest of Rural England. Previous versions of the Bulletin up to 2022 are available from the National Archive. This page also includes a timeline through which users can find any archived editions of the Bulletin.
The April 2025 release of the Digest includes analysis updates for the following topics within this theme:
The supplementary data tables provide additional statistics for each section of the Digest, using the Rural-Urban Classification categories. The Local Authority data tables supply the disaggregated datasets, used to conduct analysis in the Digest, at a Local Authority level where feasible.
Defra statistics: rural
Email mailto:rural.statistics@defra.gov.uk">rural.statistics@defra.gov.uk
<p class="govuk-body">You can also contact us via Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/DefraStats" class="govuk-link">https://twitter.com/DefraStats</a></p>
Copies of the Rural Economic Bulletin publication are available from the National Archive.
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20241015153452/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/quarterly-rural-economic-bulletin" class="govuk-link">Rural Economic Bulletin, 15 October 2024
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20240910153043/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/quarterly-rural-economic-bulletin" class="govuk-link">Rural Economic Bulletin, 10 September 2024
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20240716154314/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/quarterly-rural-economic-bulletin" class="govuk-link">Rural Economic Bulletin, 16 July 2024
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20240312163918/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/quarterly-rural-economic-bulletin" class="govuk-link">Rural Economic Bulletin, 12 March 2024
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20231114163928/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/quarterly-rural-economic-bulletin" class="govuk-link">Rural Economic Bulletin, 14 November 2023
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20230718155114/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/quarterly-rural-economic-bulletin" class="govuk-link">Rural Economic Bulletin, 18 July 2023
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20230516152303/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/quarterly-rural-economic-bulletin" class="govuk-link">Rural Economic Bulletin, 16 May 2023
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20230314171322/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/quarterly-rural-economic-bulletin" class="govuk-link">Rural Economic Bulletin, 14 March 2023
Statistics up to 2022 can be found https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20230208015303/https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/statistical-digest-of-rural-england" class="govuk-link">here.
This statistic illustrates the average monthly data usage in gigabytes in rural and urban areas in England in 2019. In 2019, the average monthly data usage was 334 gigabytes in the urban areas of England.
This statistic shows the average house prices in rural and urban areas in the United Kingdom (UK) from September 2012 to August 2013. In the 12 months to August 2013, a rural house in Great Britain cost on average 206,423 British pounds (GBP) in comparison with an urban house that cost 182,710 GBP during the same period.
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License information was derived automatically
United Kingdom UK: Urban Land Area data was reported at 58,698.750 sq km in 2010. This stayed constant from the previous number of 58,698.750 sq km for 2000. United Kingdom UK: Urban Land Area data is updated yearly, averaging 58,698.750 sq km from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2010, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 58,698.750 sq km in 2010 and a record low of 58,698.750 sq km in 2010. United Kingdom UK: Urban Land Area data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Land Use, Protected Areas and National Wealth. Urban land area in square kilometers, based on a combination of population counts (persons), settlement points, and the presence of Nighttime Lights. Areas are defined as urban where contiguous lighted cells from the Nighttime Lights or approximated urban extents based on buffered settlement points for which the total population is greater than 5,000 persons.; ; Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)/Columbia University. 2013. Urban-Rural Population and Land Area Estimates Version 2. Palisades, NY: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/lecz-urban-rural-population-land-area-estimates-v2.; Sum;
Maps of rural areas in England (Census 2001).
Defra statistics: rural
Email mailto:rural.statistics@defra.gov.uk">rural.statistics@defra.gov.uk
<p class="govuk-body">You can also contact us via Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/DefraStats" class="govuk-link">https://twitter.com/DefraStats</a></p>