In 2023, agriculture contributed around 0.58 percent to the United Kingdom’s GDP, 17.5 percent came from the manufacturing industry, and 72.53 percent from the services sector. The UK is not a farmer’s marketThe vast majority of the UK’s GDP is generated by the services sector, and tourism in particular keeps the economy going. In 2017, almost 214 billion British Pounds were contributed to the GDP through travel and tourism – about 277 billion U.S. dollars – and the forecasts see an upwards trend. For comparison, only an estimated 10.3 billion GBP were generated by the agriculture sector in the same year. But is it a tourist’s destination still? Though forecasts are not in yet, it is unclear whether travel and tourism can keep the UK’s economy afloat in the future, especially after Brexit and all its consequences. Higher travel costs, having to wait for visas, and overall more complicated travel arrangements are just some of the concerns tourists have when considering vacationing in the UK after Brexit. Consequences of the referendum are already observable in the domestic travel industry: In 2017, about 37 percent of British travelers said Brexit caused them to cut their holidays short by a few days, and about 14 percent said they did not leave the UK for their holidays because of it.
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Provides estimates of contributions to labour productivity, measured as output per hour (OPH), using the "Generalised Exactly Additive Decomposition" (GEAD) methodology as described in Tang and Wang (2004), UK.
There were around 5.5 million private sector businesses operating in the United Kingdom in 2024, with 870,185 of these being construction businesses and a further 754,940 professional, scientific and technical businesses.
Reported DCMS Sector GVA is estimated to have fallen by 0.4% from Quarter 2 (April to June) to Quarter 3 2022 (July to September) in real terms. By comparison, the whole UK economy fell by 0.2% from Quarter 2 to Quarter 3 2022.
GVA of reported DCMS Sectors in September 2022 was 6% above February 2020 levels, which was the most recent month not significantly affected by the pandemic. By comparison, GVA for the whole UK economy was 0.2% lower than in February 2020.
16 November 2022
These Economic Estimates are Official Statistics used to provide an estimate of the economic contribution of DCMS Sectors in terms of gross value added (GVA), for the period January 2019 to September 2022. Provisional monthly GVA in 2019 and 2020 was first published in March 2021 as an ad hoc statistical release. This current release contains new figures for July to September 2022 and revised estimates for previous months, in line with the scheduled revisions that were made to the underlying ONS datasets in October 2022.
Estimates are in chained volume measures (i.e. have been adjusted for inflation), at 2019 prices, and are seasonally adjusted. These latest monthly estimates should only be used to illustrate general trends, not used as definitive figures.
You can use these estimates to:
You should not use these estimates to:
Estimates of annual GVA by DCMS Sectors, based on the monthly series, are included in this release for 2019 to 2021. These are calculated by summing the monthly estimates for the calendar year and were first published for 2019 and 2020 in DCMS Sector National Economic Estimates: 2011 - 2020.
Since August 2022, we have been publishing these estimates as part of the regular published series of GVA data, with data being revised in line with revisions to the underlying ONS datasets, as with the monthly GVA estimates. These estimates have been published, updating what was first published last year, in order to meet growing demand for annual figures for GVA beyond the 2019 estimates in our National Statistics GVA publication. The National Statistics GVA publication estimates remain the most robust for our sectors, however estimates for years after 2019 have been delayed owing to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.
Consequently, these “summed monthly” annual estimate figures for GVA can be used but should not be seen as definitive.
The findings are calculated based on published ONS data sources including the Index of Services and Index of Production.
These data sources provide an estimate of the monthly change in GVA for all UK industries. However, the data is only available for broader industry groups, whereas DCMS sectors are defined at a more detailed industrial level. For example, GVA for ‘Cultural education’ is estimated based on the trend for all education. Sectors such as ‘Cultural education’ may have been affected differently by COVID-19 compared to education in general. These estimates are also based on the composition of the economy in 2019. Overall, this means the accuracy of monthly GVA for DCMS sectors is likely to be lower for months in 2020 and 2021.
The technical guidance contains further information about data sources, methodology, and the validation and accuracy of these estimates.
Figures are provisional and subject to revision on a monthly basis when the ONS Index of Services and Index of Production are updated. Figures for the latest month will be highly uncertain.
An example of the impact of these revisions is highlighted in the following example; for the revisions applied in February 2022 the average change to DCMS sector monthly GVA was 0.6%, but there were larger differences for some sectors, in some months e.g. the value of the Sport sector in May 2021 was revised from £1.
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Size and growth within UK non-financial business sectors, as measured by the Annual Business Survey, by four-digit Standard Industrial Classification 2007.
All level estimates in this release are presented in 2022 prices.
In March 2024, these early estimates show that GVA by DCMS sectors increased at a slower rate than the UK as a whole. GVA of the included DCMS sectors increased by around 0.1% compared to February 2024, while the UK as a whole is estimated to have increased by 0.4%.
Looking at the quarter as a whole, in the three months to March 2024, GVA for the included DCMS sectors is estimated to have grown by 0.3% compared with the three months to December 2023, compared to the UK economy as a whole which is estimated to have grown by 0.6%.
Since February 2020 (pre-pandemic), included DCMS sector GVA has grown at a faster rate than the UK as a whole at a 7% increase compared to 3% for the UK economy, though trends vary by sector.
15 May 2024
The DCMS Sector total reported here includes civil society, creative industries, cultural sector, gambling and sport. Tourism is not included as the data is not yet available (see note in data table).
These Economic Estimates are Official Statistics, used to provide an estimate of the economic contribution of DCMS sectors, in terms of gross value added (GVA), for the period January 2019 to March 2024. This current release contains new figures for January to March 2024.
Estimates are in chained volume measures (i.e. have been adjusted for inflation), at 2022 prices, and are seasonally adjusted. These latest monthly estimates should only be used to illustrate general trends, not used as definitive figures.
You can use these estimates to:
You should not use these estimates to:
The estimates are calculated based on published ONS data sources including the Index of Services and Index of Production.
These data sources provide an estimate of the monthly change in GVA for all UK industries. However, the data is only available for broader industry groups, whereas DCMS sectors are defined at a more detailed industrial level. For example, GVA for ‘cultural education’ (a sub-sector of the cultural sector within the DCMS sectors) is estimated based on the trend for all education. Sectors such as ‘cultural education’ may have been affected differently by COVID-19 compared to education in general. These estimates are also based on the composition of the economy in 2019. Overall, this means the accuracy of monthly GVA for DCMS sectors is likely to be lower for months in 2020 and 2021.
The technical guidance contains further information about data sources, methodology, and the validation and accuracy of these estimates. The latest version of this guidance was published in November 2023.
These statistics cover the contributions of the following sectors to the UK economy.
Users should note that there is overlap between DCMS sector definitions and that several cultural sector industries are simultaneously creative industries.
Timely estimates of tourism GVA are not available at present, due to a lack of suitable data.
We aim to continuously improve the quality of estimates and better meet user needs. We welcome feedback on this release. Feedback should be sent via email to evidence@dcms.gov.uk.
Our statistical practice is regulated by the OSR. OSR sets the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the https://code.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/the-code/" class="govuk-link">Code of Practice for Statistics that all producers of official statistics should adhere to.
You are welcome to contact us directly with any comments about how we meet these standards by emailing evidence@dcms.gov.uk. Alternatively, you can contact OSR by emailing <a
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Distribution and use of income account and capital account, financial account and balance sheet quarterly data for households and non-profit institutions serving households.
As of January 2025, UK construction output as measured by gross value added was 3.2 percent larger than it was in 2022, while services output has grown by 2.3 percent, and agriculture by 2.7 percent. By comparison, production output has fallen by 3.1 percent.
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Monthly and annual movements in output for services and their industry sections and components, by chained volume indices of gross value added, UK.
For DCMS sector data, please see: Economic Estimates: Employment and APS earnings in DCMS sectors, January 2023 to December 2023
For Digital sector data, please see: Economic Estimates: Employment in DCMS sectors and Digital sector, January 2022 to December 2022
These Economic Estimates are National Statistics used to provide an estimate of the contribution of DCMS Sectors to the UK economy, measured by employment (number of jobs).
These statistics cover the contributions of the following DCMS sectors to the UK economy;
A definition for each sector is available in the associated methodology note along with details of methods and data limitations.
26 June 2019
This release is published in accordance with the Code of Practice for Statistics, as produced by the UK Statistics Authority. The Authority has the overall objective of promoting and safeguarding the production and publication of official statistics that serve the public good. It monitors and reports on all official statistics, and promotes good practice in this area.
The responsible statisticians for this release is Wilmah Deda (020 7211 6376). For further details about the estimates, or to be added to a distribution list for future updates, please email us at evidence@culture.gov.uk.
The document above contains a list of ministers and officials who have received privileged early access to this release. In line with best practice, the list has been kept to a minimum and those given access for briefing purposes had a maximum of 24 hours.
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Distribution and use of income account and capital account, financial account and balance sheet quarterly data for general government.
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Unemployment by previous industrial sector. These estimates are sourced from the Labour Force Survey, a survey of households. These are official statistics in development.
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United Kingdom UK: Domestic Credit: to Private Sector: % of GDP data was reported at 136.203 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 134.256 % for 2016. United Kingdom UK: Domestic Credit: to Private Sector: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 94.784 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 194.862 % in 2009 and a record low of 17.556 % in 1960. United Kingdom UK: Domestic Credit: to Private Sector: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Bank Loans. Domestic credit to private sector refers to financial resources provided to the private sector by financial corporations, such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable, that establish a claim for repayment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises. The financial corporations include monetary authorities and deposit money banks, as well as other financial corporations where data are available (including corporations that do not accept transferable deposits but do incur such liabilities as time and savings deposits). Examples of other financial corporations are finance and leasing companies, money lenders, insurance corporations, pension funds, and foreign exchange companies.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; Weighted average;
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A breakdown of UK public sector income by latest month, financial year-to-date and full financial year, with comparisons with the same period in the previous financial year.
In July 2024, the UK's gross value added (GVA) increased by 1.2 percent when compared with the same period in 2023. During this time period, the fastest growth was in the transportation and storage sector, which grew by 8.2 percent. By contrast, GVA in the sector 'other service activities' shrank by 4.7 percent.
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United Kingdom UK: Monetary Sector Credit to Private Sector: % of GDP data was reported at 120.831 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 129.900 % for 2022. United Kingdom UK: Monetary Sector Credit to Private Sector: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 100.120 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 192.438 % in 2009 and a record low of 17.339 % in 1960. United Kingdom UK: Monetary Sector Credit to Private Sector: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Bank Loans. Domestic credit to private sector refers to financial resources provided to the private sector, such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable, that establish a claim for repayment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises.;International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.;;
These Economic Estimates are Official Statistics used to provide an estimate of the contribution of DCMS Sectors to the UK economy, measured by GVA (gross value added).
These statistics cover the contributions of the following DCMS sectors to the UK economy;
The report also includes Sport Satellite Account estimates. The Sport Satellite Account estimates of GVA included in this publication for 2016 onwards are based on a revised SSA for 2016. The previous provisional SSA for 2016 was based on the 2014 satellite account and the GVA estimates from that publication are superseded by these.
A definition for each sector is available in the associated methodology note along with details of methods and data limitations.
5 February 2020
DCMS aims to continuously improve the quality of estimates and better meet user needs. Feedback and responses should be sent to DCMS via email at evidence@culture.gov.uk
This release is published in accordance with the Code of Practice for Statistics, as produced by the UK Statistics Authority. The Authority has the overall objective of promoting and safeguarding the production and publication of official statistics that serve the public good. It monitors and reports on all official statistics, and promotes good practice in this area.
The responsible statisticians for this release is Ziga Dernac. For further details about the estimates, or to be added to a distribution list for future updates, please email us at evidence@culture.gov.uk.
The document above contains a list of ministers and officials who have received privileged early access to this release. In line with best practice, the list has been kept to a minimum and those given access for briefing purposes had a maximum of 24 hours.
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The UK's reallocated energy use and energy intensity - the level of usage per unit of economic output, by industry (SIC 2007 group - around 130 categories), 1990 to 2022.
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Analysis of Visa card spending data, including domestic, international, and combined percentage of face-to-face spending on tourism-related industries.
These Economic Estimates are National Statistics used to provide an estimate of the contribution of DCMS Sectors to the UK economy, measured by the number of businesses.
These statistics cover the contributions of the following DCMS sectors to the UK economy;
Users should note that there is overlap between DCMS sector definitions and that the Telecoms sector sits wholly within the Digital sector.
The release also includes estimates for the Audio Visual sector and Computer Games sector.
A definition for each sector is available in the associated methodology note along with details of methods and data limitations.
These statistics were first published on 14 October 2021
DCMS aims to continuously improve the quality of estimates and better meet user needs. DCMS welcomes feedback on this release. Feedback should be sent to DCMS via email at evidence@dcms.gov.uk.
This release is published in accordance with the Code of Practice for Statistics (2018) produced by the UK Statistics Authority (UKSA). The UKSA has the overall objective of promoting and safeguarding the production and publication of official statistics that serve the public good. It monitors and reports on all official statistics, and promotes good practice in this area.
The accompanying pre-release access document lists ministers and officials who have received privileged early access to this release. In line with best practice, the list has been kept to a minimum and those given access for briefing purposes had a maximum of 24 hours.
Responsible statistician: Wilmah Deda.
For any queries or feedback, please contact evidence@dcms.gov.uk.
In 2023, agriculture contributed around 0.58 percent to the United Kingdom’s GDP, 17.5 percent came from the manufacturing industry, and 72.53 percent from the services sector. The UK is not a farmer’s marketThe vast majority of the UK’s GDP is generated by the services sector, and tourism in particular keeps the economy going. In 2017, almost 214 billion British Pounds were contributed to the GDP through travel and tourism – about 277 billion U.S. dollars – and the forecasts see an upwards trend. For comparison, only an estimated 10.3 billion GBP were generated by the agriculture sector in the same year. But is it a tourist’s destination still? Though forecasts are not in yet, it is unclear whether travel and tourism can keep the UK’s economy afloat in the future, especially after Brexit and all its consequences. Higher travel costs, having to wait for visas, and overall more complicated travel arrangements are just some of the concerns tourists have when considering vacationing in the UK after Brexit. Consequences of the referendum are already observable in the domestic travel industry: In 2017, about 37 percent of British travelers said Brexit caused them to cut their holidays short by a few days, and about 14 percent said they did not leave the UK for their holidays because of it.