United Kingdom's main stock market index, the GB100, rose to 9024 points on July 22, 2025, gaining 0.12% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 3.03% and is up 10.49% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from United Kingdom. United Kingdom Stock Market Index (GB100) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Between the first quarter of 2007 and the fourth quarter of 2024, the lowest market capitalization of all companies listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) was recorded in the first quarter of 2009, at *** trillion British pounds. As of the fourth quarter of 2024, the market capitalization of the entire LSE amounted to *** trillion British pounds. Although the value of companies trading has fluctuated and increased overall, a downward trend can be seen in the number of companies listed on the LSE.

The total market capitalization of all companies trading on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) took a large hit during the early months of 2020, due mostly part to a mass sell-off of shares caused by the fears surrounding the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Between December 2019 and March 2020, the total value of market capitalization decreased by more than *** billion British pounds (GBP). The overall number of companies currently trading has also been falling. The number of daily trades spiked in March 2020 and then decreased as well. As of February 2025, the total market value of all companies trading on the London Stock Exchange stood at over **** trillion British pounds. European stock exchanges While almost every country has a stock Exchange, in Europe only five exchanges are considered major, with total market capital amounting to over *** trillion euros. The London Stock Exchange is the second largest in Europe and tenth largest worldwide. As of January 2025, Europe’s largest stock exchange, Euronext had a total market capital of listed companies valued at approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars.

The UK Capital Market Exchange Ecosystem is Segmented by Type of Market (primary Market and Secondary Market), Financial Instruments (debt and Equity), and Investors (retail Investors and Institutional Investors). The Report Offers Market Size and Forecasts for the UK Capital Market Exchange Ecosystem in Value (USD) for all the Above Segments.

United Kingdom UK: Stocks Traded: Total Value data was reported at 2,357.017 USD bn in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,675.053 USD bn for 2013. United Kingdom UK: Stocks Traded: Total Value data is updated yearly, averaging 487.920 USD bn from Dec 1975 (Median) to 2014, with 40 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,947.700 USD bn in 2007 and a record low of 19.361 USD bn in 1977. United Kingdom UK: Stocks Traded: Total Value data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Financial Sector. The value of shares traded is the total number of shares traded, both domestic and foreign, multiplied by their respective matching prices. Figures are single counted (only one side of the transaction is considered). Companies admitted to listing and admitted to trading are included in the data. Data are end of year values converted to U.S. dollars using corresponding year-end foreign exchange rates.; ; World Federation of Exchanges database.; Sum; Stock market data were previously sourced from Standard & Poor's until they discontinued their 'Global Stock Markets Factbook' and database in April 2013. Time series have been replaced in December 2015 with data from the World Federation of Exchanges and may differ from the previous S&P definitions and methodology.

Key information about United Kingdom FTSE 100

• United Kingdom FTSE 100 closed at 8,809.7 points in Feb 2025, compared with 8,674.0 points at the previous month end
• UK Equity Market Index: Month End: FTSE 100 data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1984 to Feb 2025, with an average number of 5,430.8 points
• The data reached an all-time high of 8,809.7 points in Feb 2025 and a record low of 1,010.1 points in Jul 1984

FTSE Russell provides FTSE 100 Index, which is the key benchmark in the UK.


Further information about United Kingdom FTSE 100

• In the latest reports, FTSE All-Share recorded a daily P/E ratio of 14.4 in Jul 2022

Stock market return (%, year-on-year) in United Kingdom was reported at 14.38 % in 2021, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United Kingdom - Stock market return (%, year-on-year) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Financial Market: Share Prices for United Kingdom (SPASTT01GBM661N) from Dec 1957 to Jun 2025 about stock market and United Kingdom.

As of January 29, 2025, the FTSE index stood at ******** points - well above its average value of around ***** points in the past few years.On the 12th of March 2020, amid the escalating crisis surrounding the coronavirus and fears of a global recession, the FTSE 100 suffered the second largest one day crash in its history and the biggest since the 1987 market crash. On the 23rd of March, the FTSE index saw its lowest value this year to date at ******** but has since began a tentative recovery. With the continuation of the pandemic, the FTSE 100 index was making a tentative recovery between late March 2020 and early June 2020. Since then the FSTE 100 index had plateaued towards the end of July, before starting a tentative upward trend in November. FTSE 100 The Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index, otherwise known as the FTSE 100 Index is a share index of the 100 largest companies trading on the London Stock Exchange in terms of market capitalization. At the end of March 2024, the largest company trading on the LSE was Shell. The largest ever initial public offering (IPO) on the LSE was Glencore International plc. European stock exchanges While nearly every country in Europe has a stock exchange, only five are considered major, and have a market capital of over one trillion U.S dollars. European stock exchanges make up two of the top ten major stock markets in the world. Europe’s biggest stock exchange is the Euronext which combines seven markets based in Belgium, France, England, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Portugal.

Stock and commodity exchanges can benefit from various sources of revenue, ranging from fees charged through the purchasing and selling of stocks and commodities to the listing of companies on exchanges with IPOs. Yet, this hasn't meant exchanges have been free of challenges, with many companies looking to more attractive overseas markets in countries like the US that embrace stronger growth. The most notable culprits have been ARM and CRH, refusing to put up with the increasingly cheaper valuations offered by UK stock exchanges. Stock and commodity exchange revenue is expected to boom at a compound annual rate of 11.5% over the five years through 2024-25 to £15.4 billion. Boosted by the London Stock Exchange Group's Refinitiv purchase in 2021-22, the growth numbers seem inflated. The industry saw ample consolidations, aided by MiFID II's initiation in 2018. However, M&As have now decreased because of high borrowing costs. New reporting demands have bumped up regulatory costs, resulting in thinner profits. Banks, aligning with Basel IV, are pulling back on investments. Post-COVID market turbulence fuelled trades, but it's slowing down with economic stabilisation. The inflation slowdown pushes investors towards higher-value securities, boosting trade value despite lower volumes. The weak pound has been beneficial for revenue, especially for the LSEG, bolstered by dollar-earning companies in the FTSE 100. Stock and commodity exchange industry revenue is expected to show a moderate increase of 1.3% in 2024-25. Revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 4.1% over the five years through 2029-30 to £18.8 billion. The cautious descent of interest rates from the Bank of England will slow down volatility and ensure greater business confidence in the UK. This will bring back up consolidation activity to support revenue growth, reviving the digital information and exchange markets. The most pressing concern for the industry will be potential limitations on access to the EEA for the clearing segment of the industry, which could shatter short-term growth and keep the tap running for companies exiting UK exchanges.

The UK capital market exchange ecosystem, a significant component of the global financial landscape, is experiencing robust growth, driven by a confluence of factors. The market's expansion is fueled by increasing foreign direct investment (FDI) into the UK, particularly in technology and renewable energy sectors, leading to a heightened demand for capital. Furthermore, the UK's robust regulatory framework, a well-established legal infrastructure, and a deep pool of experienced financial professionals attract both domestic and international investors. The increasing adoption of fintech solutions is streamlining trading processes, enhancing efficiency, and attracting a younger generation of investors. While Brexit initially presented challenges, the UK's capital markets have shown resilience, adapting to the new regulatory environment and continuing to attract international capital. The segment breakdown reveals a healthy balance between debt and equity financing, catering to a diverse range of investor needs, from retail investors seeking diversification to institutional investors managing large portfolios. The presence of established exchanges like the London Stock Exchange underscores the market's maturity and global influence. Looking ahead, the UK capital market ecosystem is poised for continued growth, projected to maintain a CAGR above 5% over the forecast period (2025-2033). However, potential headwinds include geopolitical uncertainty, global economic fluctuations, and evolving regulatory landscapes. To mitigate these risks, continued investment in technological innovation, strengthening international partnerships, and fostering a supportive regulatory environment will be crucial for sustained growth. The ongoing evolution of sustainable finance initiatives and a focus on ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) investing present significant opportunities for further expansion within the UK capital markets. This will attract a new generation of conscious investors and further solidify the UK’s position as a leading global financial center. Notable trends are: Increasing Funds Under Management By Investment In UK is Driving the Market.

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Securities Exchanges Market Size 2025-2029

The securities exchanges market size is forecast to increase by USD 56.67 billion at a CAGR of 12.5% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing demand for investment opportunities. This trend is fueled by a global economic recovery and a rising interest in various asset classes, particularly in emerging markets. Another key driver is the increasing focus on sustainable and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investing. This shift reflects a growing awareness of the importance of long-term value creation and the role of exchanges in facilitating socially responsible investments. This trend is driven by the expanding securities business units, including stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and other securities, which cater to the needs of investment firms and individual investors. However, the market is not without challenges. Increasing market volatility poses a significant risk for exchanges and their clients.
Furthermore, the rapid digitization of trading and the emergence of alternative trading platforms are disrupting traditional exchange business models. To navigate these challenges, exchanges must adapt by investing in technology, expanding their product offerings, and building strong regulatory frameworks. Data analytics and big data are also crucial tools for e-brokerage firms to gain insights and make informed decisions. By doing so, they can capitalize on the market's growth potential and maintain their competitive edge. Geopolitical tensions, economic instability, and regulatory changes can all contribute to market fluctuations and uncertainty.

What will be the Size of the Securities Exchanges Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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In the dynamic market, financial instrument classification plays a crucial role in facilitating efficient trade matching through advanced execution quality metrics and order book liquidity. Quantitative trading models leverage options clearing corporation data to optimize portfolio holdings, while trade matching engines utilize high-speed data storage solutions and portfolio optimization algorithms to minimize latency and enhance market depth indicators. Data center infrastructure and network bandwidth capacity are essential components for supporting complex algorithmic trading strategies, including latency reduction and price volatility forecasting. Market impact measurement and risk assessment methodologies are integral to managing market impact and mitigating fraud, ensuring regulatory compliance through transaction reporting standards and regulatory compliance software.

Exchange traded funds (ETFs) have gained popularity, necessitating robust quote dissemination systems and trade surveillance analytics. Server virtualization and cybersecurity threat mitigation strategies further strengthen the market's resilience, enabling seamless integration of data-driven quantitative models and sophisticated fraud detection algorithms. Additionally, users of online trading platforms can easily monitor the performance of their assets thanks to real-time stock data.

How is this Securities Exchanges Industry segmented?

The securities exchanges industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Service

  Market platforms
  Capital access platforms
  Others


Trade Finance Instruments

  Equities
  Derivatives
  Bonds
  Exchange-traded funds
  Others


Type

  Large-cap exchanges
  Mid-cap exchanges
  Small-cap exchanges


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Switzerland
    UK


  APAC

    China
    Hong Kong
    India
    Japan


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Service Insights

The Market platforms segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The market is characterized by advanced technologies and systems that enable efficient price discovery, manage settlement risk, and ensure regulatory compliance. Market platforms, which include trading platforms, order-matching systems, and market data dissemination, hold the largest share of the market. These platforms facilitate the buying and selling of securities, providing market liquidity and transparency. Real-time market surveillance and high-frequency trading infrastructure are crucial components, ensuring fair and orderly markets and enabling efficient trade execution. Financial modeling techniques and algorithmic trading platforms optimize trading strategies, while electronic communication networks and central counterparty cleari

United Kingdom Market Capitalisation: UK Main Market: Total data was reported at 2,499,251.385 GBP mn in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,527,274.100 GBP mn for Feb 2025. United Kingdom Market Capitalisation: UK Main Market: Total data is updated monthly, averaging 2,256,749.813 GBP mn from Feb 2017 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 98 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,527,274.100 GBP mn in Feb 2025 and a record low of 1,618,175.400 GBP mn in Oct 2020. United Kingdom Market Capitalisation: UK Main Market: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by London Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.Z004: London Stock Exchange: Market Capitalisation: Main Market.

Volatility in financial markets has been high in recent years, which has, at times, benefitted the brokerage industry through greater trading activity as investors look to capitalise on price swings. Most notably, the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ukraine conflict and aggressive interest hikes from Central Banks facing rampant inflation have incited severe volatility. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.7% over the five years through 2023-24 to £38.1 billion, including estimated growth of 3.9% in 2023-24. Although volatility can benefit the industry, it can also deter investors, incentivising them to delay investments until economic uncertainty subsides. In recent years, uncertainty has mainly stemmed from the aggressive interest rate hikes and their expected trajectory, hitting stock and bond markets in 2022 and hurting trading activity. Although interest rate uncertainty persisted going into 2023-24, stock markets improved thanks to exceptional growth from large-cap tech stocks and a sharp rally at the end of the year as investors bet on the end of rate hikes. Competition has softened as considerable consolidation activity has occurred between SMEs in the brokerage industry. However, the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II has ramped up operating costs for brokerage firms, hurting profitability. Continued investment in software to help automate compliance procedures have benefitted margins, although the brokerage industry remains labour-intensive. Revenue is forecast to grow at a compound annual rate of 3.5% over the five years through 2028-29 to £45.2 billion, while the average industry profit margin is expected to reach 24.8%. The market narrative for interest rates is higher for longer, weighing on stock markets and hitting demand for brokers as trading activity slows. However, rate cuts are expected to occur in the second half of 2024-25, supporting bond values and stocks driving revenue growth in the short term. Further regulations related to Basel III are set to come into force in January 2025, adding pressure to brokers' operating costs. Due to Brexit, large international brokers are also shifting employees to overseas domiciles, adding downward pressure to revenue growth.

Over the five years through 2024-25, revenue has rocketed at a compound annual rate of 14.5% to £2.3 billion. The Online Stock Brokerages industry has gained users quickly, as many investors left their brokers and started trading online. The online space offered a quick and easy way for less knowledgeable people to start investing and experienced traders to get real-time updates. Recovered incomes, volatile stock markets, an increasing number of mobile connections and a growing appetite for online stock trading have fuelled revenue growth. The online stock brokerage industry experienced a rapid upward shift in revenue during the 2020-21 market volatility caused by the pandemic, rewarding commission-free platforms like Trading212. The sector managed to capitalise on surging and declining phases. Innovations became critical, with brokerages like Trading212, FreeTrade and eToro introducing attractive features to win over customers, like replicating other trade moves. Despite the sector's vulnerability during the sharp sink of Bitcoin in 2022, its subsequent rebound in 2024-25 brought renewed prospects. Offering stocks and shares ISAs and SIPPs helped certain brokerages attract more tax-savvy customers. Simultaneously, intense price competition saw various platforms reduce their commissions to lure new users, leading to a climb in revenue of 7.7% in 2024-25. Over the five years through 2029-30, revenue is set to push up at a compound annual rate of 7.9% to £3.3 billion. Investor uncertainty will weaken as macro-headwinds subside and stock markets worldwide stabilise. The value of UK and US stock markets is forecast to strengthen, enticing traders to online platforms. As UK business profits recover due to stability, businesses can manage costs efficiently, leading to increased returns and more trade commissions for online stock brokers. The brokerage industry faces fierce price competition, with companies reducing commissions to attract and retain users alongside developing novel product offerings, like AI insights and advice, ISAs, extended trading hour products and tight cybersecurity. The average profit margin is expected to improve as industry entrants, including eToro (UK) Ltd, become profitable after years of significant losses resulting from investing heavily in R&D and marketing to attract users.

Key information about United Kingdom Market Capitalization

• United Kingdom Market Capitalization accounted for 3,182.091 USD bn in Feb 2025, compared with a percentage of 3,120.628 USD bn in the previous month
• UK Market Capitalization is updated monthly, available from Apr 1999 to Feb 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 4,211.587 USD bn in Oct 2007 and a record low of 1,402.869 USD bn in Sep 2002

CEIC converts monthly Market Capitalization into USD. London Stock Exchange provides Market Capitalization in local currency. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Market capitalization includes only domestically listed companies. As of 2017, definitions from the revised Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID II) have been introduced.

United Kingdom UK: Market Capitalization: Listed Domestic Companies: % of GDP data was reported at 64.629 % in 2008. This records a decrease from the previous number of 125.114 % for 2007. United Kingdom UK: Market Capitalization: Listed Domestic Companies: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 87.239 % from Dec 1975 (Median) to 2008, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 177.400 % in 1999 and a record low of 6.368 % in 1980. United Kingdom UK: Market Capitalization: Listed Domestic Companies: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Financial Sector. Market capitalization (also known as market value) is the share price times the number of shares outstanding (including their several classes) for listed domestic companies. Investment funds, unit trusts, and companies whose only business goal is to hold shares of other listed companies are excluded. Data are end of year values.; ; World Federation of Exchanges database.; Weighted average; Stock market data were previously sourced from Standard & Poor's until they discontinued their 'Global Stock Markets Factbook' and database in April 2013. Time series have been replaced in December 2015 with data from the World Federation of Exchanges and may differ from the previous S&P definitions and methodology.

As of May 2025, the pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca was the leading company listed on the London Exchange (LSE), with a market capitalization of 159 billion British pounds. This made them the largest of all companies listed on the LSE. Seen as the heart of the global financial community, the London Stock Exchange is the second-largest stock market in Europe and ranks eighth globally. Key information The London Stock Exchange (LSE) is among the largest stock market operators globally and ranks 11th in terms of the oldest stock exchanges in existence, with 224 years of operation as of 2025. Performance after Covid The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound effect on the global economy, causing considerable volatility on the stock market. The London Stock Exchange (LSE) saw a notable decline in the market capitalization value of its listed companies, reaching its lowest value in March 2020 at approximately three trillion British pounds in correlation with a surge in the average daily number of trades, which peaked at over two billion. Following this initial reaction, the LSE observed a decrease in the average daily active traders, alongside a gradual recovery in the market capitalization of the listed companies.

End-of-day prices refer to the closing prices of various financial instruments, such as equities (stocks), bonds, and indices, at the end of a trading session on a particular trading day. These prices are crucial pieces of market data used by investors, traders, and financial institutions to track the performance and value of these assets over time. The Techsalerator closing prices dataset is considered the most up-to-date, standardized valuation of a security trading commences again on the next trading day. This data is used for portfolio valuation, index calculation, technical analysis and benchmarking throughout the financial industry. The End-of-Day Pricing service covers equities, equity derivative bonds, and indices listed on 170 markets worldwide.

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