United Kingdom's main stock market index, the GB100, fell to 9690 points on December 2, 2025, losing 0.13% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has declined 0.12%, though it remains 15.91% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from United Kingdom. United Kingdom Stock Market Index (GB100) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

This analysis presents a rigorous exploration of financial data, incorporating a diverse range of statistical features. By providing a robust foundation, it facilitates advanced research and innovative modeling techniques within the field of finance.

FTSE 100: Where to Next?

Financial data:

• Historical daily stock prices (open, high, low, close, volume)

• Fundamental data (e.g., market capitalization, price to earnings P/E ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share EPS, price to earnings growth, debt-to-equity ratio, price-to-book ratio, current ratio, free cash flow, projected earnings growth, return on equity, dividend payout ratio, price to sales ratio, credit rating)

• Technical indicators (e.g., moving averages, RSI, MACD, average directional index, aroon oscillator, stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume, accumulation/distribution A/D line, parabolic SAR indicator, bollinger bands indicators, fibonacci, williams percent range, commodity channel index)

Machine learning features:

• Feature engineering based on financial data and technical indicators

• Sentiment analysis data from social media and news articles

• Macroeconomic data (e.g., GDP, unemployment rate, interest rates, consumer spending, building permits, consumer confidence, inflation, producer price index, money supply, home sales, retail sales, bond yields)

Potential Applications:

• Stock price prediction

• Portfolio optimization

• Algorithmic trading

• Market sentiment analysis

• Risk management

Use Cases:

• Researchers investigating the effectiveness of machine learning in stock market prediction

• Analysts developing quantitative trading Buy/Sell strategies

• Individuals interested in building their own stock market prediction models

• Students learning about machine learning and financial applications

Additional Notes:

• The dataset may include different levels of granularity (e.g., daily, hourly)

• Data cleaning and preprocessing are essential before model training

• Regular updates are recommended to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the data

As of January 29, 2025, the FTSE index stood at ******** points - well above its average value of around ***** points in the past few years.On the 12th of March 2020, amid the escalating crisis surrounding the coronavirus and fears of a global recession, the FTSE 100 suffered the second largest one day crash in its history and the biggest since the 1987 market crash. On the 23rd of March, the FTSE index saw its lowest value this year to date at ******** but has since began a tentative recovery. With the continuation of the pandemic, the FTSE 100 index was making a tentative recovery between late March 2020 and early June 2020. Since then the FSTE 100 index had plateaued towards the end of July, before starting a tentative upward trend in November. FTSE 100 The Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index, otherwise known as the FTSE 100 Index is a share index of the 100 largest companies trading on the London Stock Exchange in terms of market capitalization. At the end of March 2024, the largest company trading on the LSE was Shell. The largest ever initial public offering (IPO) on the LSE was Glencore International plc. European stock exchanges While nearly every country in Europe has a stock exchange, only five are considered major, and have a market capital of over one trillion U.S dollars. European stock exchanges make up two of the top ten major stock markets in the world. Europe’s biggest stock exchange is the Euronext which combines seven markets based in Belgium, France, England, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Portugal.

Actual value and historical data chart for United Kingdom Stock Market Return Percent Year On Year

United Kingdom UK: Stocks Traded: Total Value data was reported at 2,357.017 USD bn in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,675.053 USD bn for 2013. United Kingdom UK: Stocks Traded: Total Value data is updated yearly, averaging 487.920 USD bn from Dec 1975 (Median) to 2014, with 40 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,947.700 USD bn in 2007 and a record low of 19.361 USD bn in 1977. United Kingdom UK: Stocks Traded: Total Value data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Financial Sector. The value of shares traded is the total number of shares traded, both domestic and foreign, multiplied by their respective matching prices. Figures are single counted (only one side of the transaction is considered). Companies admitted to listing and admitted to trading are included in the data. Data are end of year values converted to U.S. dollars using corresponding year-end foreign exchange rates.; ; World Federation of Exchanges database.; Sum; Stock market data were previously sourced from Standard & Poor's until they discontinued their 'Global Stock Markets Factbook' and database in April 2013. Time series have been replaced in December 2015 with data from the World Federation of Exchanges and may differ from the previous S&P definitions and methodology.

Key information about United Kingdom FTSE 100

• United Kingdom FTSE 100 closed at 9,720.5 points in Nov 2025, compared with 9,717.3 points at the previous month end
• UK Equity Market Index: Month End: FTSE 100 data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1984 to Nov 2025, with an average number of 4,814.3 points
• The data reached an all-time high of 9,720.5 points in Nov 2025 and a record low of 1,010.1 points in Jul 1984

• In the latest reports, FTSE All-Share recorded a daily P/E ratio of 14.4 in Jul 2022

London Stock Exchange stock price, live market quote, shares value, historical data, intraday chart, earnings per share and news.

The UK capital market exchange ecosystem, a significant component of the global financial landscape, is experiencing robust growth, driven by a confluence of factors. The market's expansion is fueled by increasing foreign direct investment (FDI) into the UK, particularly in technology and renewable energy sectors, leading to a heightened demand for capital. Furthermore, the UK's robust regulatory framework, a well-established legal infrastructure, and a deep pool of experienced financial professionals attract both domestic and international investors. The increasing adoption of fintech solutions is streamlining trading processes, enhancing efficiency, and attracting a younger generation of investors. While Brexit initially presented challenges, the UK's capital markets have shown resilience, adapting to the new regulatory environment and continuing to attract international capital. The segment breakdown reveals a healthy balance between debt and equity financing, catering to a diverse range of investor needs, from retail investors seeking diversification to institutional investors managing large portfolios. The presence of established exchanges like the London Stock Exchange underscores the market's maturity and global influence. Looking ahead, the UK capital market ecosystem is poised for continued growth, projected to maintain a CAGR above 5% over the forecast period (2025-2033). However, potential headwinds include geopolitical uncertainty, global economic fluctuations, and evolving regulatory landscapes. To mitigate these risks, continued investment in technological innovation, strengthening international partnerships, and fostering a supportive regulatory environment will be crucial for sustained growth. The ongoing evolution of sustainable finance initiatives and a focus on ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) investing present significant opportunities for further expansion within the UK capital markets. This will attract a new generation of conscious investors and further solidify the UK’s position as a leading global financial center. Notable trends are: Increasing Funds Under Management By Investment In UK is Driving the Market.

The 200-day pound-to-yen SMA continued to increase up to September 2025, indicating strengthening British pounds against Japanese yen. As of September 16, the pair is trading above the 200-day SMA level with a price of 199.89 for the pair, signaling bullish momentum. The simple moving average, or SMA, is a common metric used within stock and FX market analysis and especially focuses on long-term trends. The 200-day SMA, especially, is considered very important, as it displays the average price of a stock or currency over the past 200 days (or 40 weeks of trading). If the price of the asset remains above this average, it is generally considered to be in an upward trend.

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Securities Exchanges Market Size 2025-2029

The securities exchanges market size is forecast to increase by USD 56.67 billion at a CAGR of 12.5% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing demand for investment opportunities. This trend is fueled by a global economic recovery and a rising interest in various asset classes, particularly in emerging markets. Another key driver is the increasing focus on sustainable and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investing. This shift reflects a growing awareness of the importance of long-term value creation and the role of exchanges in facilitating socially responsible investments. This trend is driven by the expanding securities business units, including stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and other securities, which cater to the needs of investment firms and individual investors. However, the market is not without challenges. Increasing market volatility poses a significant risk for exchanges and their clients.
Furthermore, the rapid digitization of trading and the emergence of alternative trading platforms are disrupting traditional exchange business models. To navigate these challenges, exchanges must adapt by investing in technology, expanding their product offerings, and building strong regulatory frameworks. Data analytics and big data are also crucial tools for e-brokerage firms to gain insights and make informed decisions. By doing so, they can capitalize on the market's growth potential and maintain their competitive edge. Geopolitical tensions, economic instability, and regulatory changes can all contribute to market fluctuations and uncertainty.

What will be the Size of the Securities Exchanges Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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In the dynamic market, financial instrument classification plays a crucial role in facilitating efficient trade matching through advanced execution quality metrics and order book liquidity. Quantitative trading models leverage options clearing corporation data to optimize portfolio holdings, while trade matching engines utilize high-speed data storage solutions and portfolio optimization algorithms to minimize latency and enhance market depth indicators. Data center infrastructure and network bandwidth capacity are essential components for supporting complex algorithmic trading strategies, including latency reduction and price volatility forecasting. Market impact measurement and risk assessment methodologies are integral to managing market impact and mitigating fraud, ensuring regulatory compliance through transaction reporting standards and regulatory compliance software.

Exchange traded funds (ETFs) have gained popularity, necessitating robust quote dissemination systems and trade surveillance analytics. Server virtualization and cybersecurity threat mitigation strategies further strengthen the market's resilience, enabling seamless integration of data-driven quantitative models and sophisticated fraud detection algorithms. Additionally, users of online trading platforms can easily monitor the performance of their assets thanks to real-time stock data.

How is this Securities Exchanges Industry segmented?

The securities exchanges industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Service

  Market platforms
  Capital access platforms
  Others


Trade Finance Instruments

  Equities
  Derivatives
  Bonds
  Exchange-traded funds
  Others


Type

  Large-cap exchanges
  Mid-cap exchanges
  Small-cap exchanges


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Switzerland
    UK


  APAC

    China
    Hong Kong
    India
    Japan


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Service Insights

The Market platforms segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The market is characterized by advanced technologies and systems that enable efficient price discovery, manage settlement risk, and ensure regulatory compliance. Market platforms, which include trading platforms, order-matching systems, and market data dissemination, hold the largest share of the market. These platforms facilitate the buying and selling of securities, providing market liquidity and transparency. Real-time market surveillance and high-frequency trading infrastructure are crucial components, ensuring fair and orderly markets and enabling efficient trade execution. Financial modeling techniques and algorithmic trading platforms optimize trading strategies, while electronic communication networks and central counterparty clearing minimize r

United Kingdom UK: Stocks Traded: Turnover Ratio of Domestic Shares data was reported at 146.431 % in 2008. This records an increase from the previous number of 102.632 % for 2007. United Kingdom UK: Stocks Traded: Turnover Ratio of Domestic Shares data is updated yearly, averaging 40.860 % from Dec 1975 (Median) to 2008, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 146.431 % in 2008 and a record low of 15.170 % in 1978. United Kingdom UK: Stocks Traded: Turnover Ratio of Domestic Shares data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Financial Sector. Turnover ratio is the value of domestic shares traded divided by their market capitalization. The value is annualized by multiplying the monthly average by 12.; ; World Federation of Exchanges database.; Weighted average; Stock market data were previously sourced from Standard & Poor's until they discontinued their 'Global Stock Markets Factbook' and database in April 2013. Time series have been replaced in December 2015 with data from the World Federation of Exchanges and may differ from the previous S&P definitions and methodology.

United Kingdom Market Capitalization: LSE: Annual: Equities data was reported at 2,624,992.105 GBP mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,366,329.969 GBP mn for 2016. United Kingdom Market Capitalization: LSE: Annual: Equities data is updated yearly, averaging 855,216.150 GBP mn from Dec 1972 (Median) to 2017, with 46 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,624,992.105 GBP mn in 2017 and a record low of 17,465.700 GBP mn in 1974. United Kingdom Market Capitalization: LSE: Annual: Equities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by London Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.Z004: London Stock Exchange: Market Capitalisation.

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Predictive AI In Stock Market Size 2025-2029

The predictive AI in stock market size is valued to increase by USD 1.63 billion, at a CAGR of 21.8% from 2024 to 2029. Increasing availability and integration of alternative data will drive the predictive AI in stock market.

Market Insights

North America dominated the market and accounted for a 33% growth during the 2025-2029.
By Component - Solution segment was valued at USD 329.80 billion in 2023
By Application - Algorithmic trading segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023

Market Size & Forecast

Market Opportunities: USD 445.64 million 
Market Future Opportunities 2024: USD 1632.20 million
CAGR from 2024 to 2029 : 21.8%

Market Summary

Predictive AI in the stock market refers to the application of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and techniques to analyze historical market data and make predictions about future trends. This technology has gained significant attention in recent years due to the increasing availability and integration of alternative data sources and the advancement of generative AI and large language models for qualitative alpha generation. One real-world business scenario where predictive AI is making a significant impact is in supply chain optimization. For instance, a manufacturing company can use predictive AI to forecast demand for its products based on historical sales data, economic indicators, and other external factors.
By accurately predicting demand, the company can optimize its inventory levels, reduce carrying costs, and improve operational efficiency. However, the adoption of predictive AI in the stock market also presents several challenges. Data quality and overfitting are major concerns, as historical data may not accurately reflect future market conditions. Market reflexivity, or the phenomenon where market participants' actions influence market trends, can also make it challenging to make accurate predictions. Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of predictive AI in the stock market are significant, including improved risk management, increased operational efficiency, and enhanced investment strategies.

What will be the size of the Predictive AI In Stock Market during the forecast period?

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Predictive AI in the stock market is an evolving technology that leverages advanced algorithms and real-time analytics to identify trends and patterns, enabling data-driven decision-making for businesses. One significant trend in this domain is the integration of demand sensing technology, which improves accuracy by reducing false positive and false negative rates. For instance, model performance can be enhanced through algorithm performance improvements, feature engineering techniques, and model retraining frequencies. In the realm of supply chain optimization, predictive AI-powered forecasting plays a pivotal role in inventory control strategies. By monitoring data in real-time, businesses can implement automated ordering systems, ensuring stockout prevention and minimizing excess inventory.
This approach not only improves precision and recall but also enables better risk mitigation planning and compliance with data privacy regulations. Scalability testing and data quality management are essential aspects of deploying predictive AI models in the stock market. Hyperparameter tuning and error rate reduction are critical for maintaining model performance, while system monitoring tools facilitate predictive maintenance and performance benchmarks. By adhering to data governance policies, businesses can ensure the reliability and accuracy of their predictive AI models, ultimately leading to improved business intelligence and strategic decision-making.

Unpacking the Predictive AI In Stock Market Landscape

The market management employs advanced clustering techniques and predictive modeling to minimize lead time variability and enhance production planning. By integrating real-time data processing and scalable infrastructure, businesses can achieve significant improvements in inventory optimization and order fulfillment prediction. For instance, predictive models trained on model training datasets have demonstrated a 20% increase in demand prediction accuracy compared to traditional methods. Data security protocols are essential to safeguard sensitive stock market data. Predictive AI systems employ machine learning models, deep learning algorithms, and neural network architecture for model evaluation and classification. These advanced techniques enable real-time anomaly detection and statistical process control, ensuring risk assessment metrics align with business objectives. Cloud-based infrastructure and process automation tools facilitate seamless data integration pipelines, allowing for efficient supply chain analytics and stock level monitoring. P

The United Kingdom Mutual Fund Market Report is Segmented by Asset Class (Equity, Bond, Hybrid, Money Market, Others), Investor Type (Retail, Institutional), Distribution Channel (Banks, Online Platforms, Financial Advisors, Direct), and Geography (England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland). The Market Forecasts are Provided in Terms of Value (USD).

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UK Stock Images Market Size 2024-2028

The UK stock image market size is estimated to grow by USD 128.3 million at a CAGR of 4.6% between 2023 and 2028. The market is experiencing significant growth due to the increased popularity of visual content in digital and social media marketing. This trend is driving the demand for high-quality, royalty-free images that can be easily licensed and used for various commercial applications. Additionally, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in stock image production is revolutionizing the industry, enabling the creation of more authentic and diverse images. However, the market is also facing challenges, including the restrictions on the commercial use of copyrighted images by organizations, which necessitates the need for legal compliance and the adoption of robust licensing models. Overall, the market is poised for continued growth, driven by technological advancements and evolving marketing trends.

What will be the Size of the Market During the Forecast Period?

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Market Dynamics

The market encompasses the sale and licensing of digital visual content, including Stock Images, Footage, and both Editorial and Commercial images. This market is a significant component of the Digital Marketing landscape, particularly in Social Media Marketing. With the increasing Geographic Reach of the internet and the Diversity and Inclusion movement, there is a growing demand for authentic visuals that represent various cultures and communities. Content Creation is a crucial aspect of the Stock Images Market, with providers offering a wide range of Fresh Images to cater to different industries and applications. Image Quality is a key consideration, with Royalty-Free Images offering flexibility and affordability, while Intellectual Property Rights ensure protection for creators and buyers. The market's Global Media Landscape is dynamic, with Traditional Media and Smartphones driving demand for both Still Images and Stock Videos. User-Generated Content has also emerged as a trend, with platforms offering Macrostock and Microstock options to cater to various budgets and needs. Image Pricing and Supply and Demand are essential factors influencing the Stock Images Market. Providers offer various pricing models, including subscription-based and pay-per-image, while the balance between supply and demand impacts pricing and availability. In summary, the Stock Images Market is a vital component of the Digital Marketing industry, offering a diverse range of visual content for various applications and industries, with a focus on quality, affordability, and intellectual property rights. Our researchers analyzed the data with 2023 as the base year, along with the key drivers, trends, and challenges. A holistic analysis of drivers will help vendors refine their marketing strategies to gain a competitive advantage.

Key Market Driver

One of the key factors driving the market is the increased popularity of stock images for digital and social media marketing. Some of the key factors driving the stock images market in the UK the rise of social media platforms such as Instagram and the increasing importance of visual content in online marketing.

There is a growing popularity for stock images among consumers in the UK due to their accessibility as people can marketers can quickly find suitable images for their content without the need to hire a professional photographer or purchase expensive equipment. Hence, these factors save a lot of time and money. Therefore, such factors are expected to drive the stock image market in the UK during the forecast period.

Significant Market Trends

A key factor shaping the market growth is the rise in penetration of the OTT platform. Factors such as the increasing need for high-quality, engaging visual content to support the growth of OTT platforms are significantly driving the market growth. Some of the key OTT platforms which are the end-users of these stock images include Netflix, Amazon Prime, and Disney+.

Furthermore, these OTT platforms offer a variety of content such as TV shows, movies, documentaries, and live events which requires plenty of visual elements often generated from stock footage. There is an increasing demand for stock footage as more and more vendorsare turning to stock footage libraries to supplement their content. Hence, such factors are expected to drive the stock image market in the UK during the forecast period.

Major Market Challenge In UK

The rise in demand for free image downloads is one of the key challenges hindering the market growth. There is a significant decline in demand for paid image downloads due to the convenience and accessibility of free images. which had a negative impact on the stock image providers.

One of the major threats faced by these providers is the rise of free image websites and so

The United Kingdom Hedge Funds Market is Segmented by Investment Strategy (Equity Long/Short, Global Macro, Event-Driven, and More), Investor Type (Pension Funds, Insurance Companies, and More), Distribution Channel (Direct Sales, Placement Agents/Intermediaries, and More), Fund Domicile & Structure (UK-Onshore, Offshore, Cayman, and More), and Region. The Market Forecasts are Provided in Value (USD).

This analysis presents a rigorous exploration of financial data, incorporating a diverse range of statistical features. By providing a robust foundation, it facilitates advanced research and innovative modeling techniques within the field of finance.

Greencoat UK Wind (UKW) Stock: Riding the Wind of Renewable Energy Growth

Financial data:

• Historical daily stock prices (open, high, low, close, volume)

• Fundamental data (e.g., market capitalization, price to earnings P/E ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share EPS, price to earnings growth, debt-to-equity ratio, price-to-book ratio, current ratio, free cash flow, projected earnings growth, return on equity, dividend payout ratio, price to sales ratio, credit rating)

• Technical indicators (e.g., moving averages, RSI, MACD, average directional index, aroon oscillator, stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume, accumulation/distribution A/D line, parabolic SAR indicator, bollinger bands indicators, fibonacci, williams percent range, commodity channel index)

Machine learning features:

• Feature engineering based on financial data and technical indicators

• Sentiment analysis data from social media and news articles

• Macroeconomic data (e.g., GDP, unemployment rate, interest rates, consumer spending, building permits, consumer confidence, inflation, producer price index, money supply, home sales, retail sales, bond yields)

Potential Applications:

• Stock price prediction

• Portfolio optimization

• Algorithmic trading

• Market sentiment analysis

• Risk management

Use Cases:

• Researchers investigating the effectiveness of machine learning in stock market prediction

• Analysts developing quantitative trading Buy/Sell strategies

• Individuals interested in building their own stock market prediction models

• Students learning about machine learning and financial applications

Additional Notes:

• The dataset may include different levels of granularity (e.g., daily, hourly)

• Data cleaning and preprocessing are essential before model training

• Regular updates are recommended to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the data

GBP/USD's 50–SMA rate slightly changed on September 16, 2025, pulled towards 1.35, while the 200–SMA rate was recorded at 1.33. The simple moving average, or SMA, is a common metric used within stock and FX market analysis, and especially focuses on long-term trends. The 200-day SMA, especially, is considered very important, as it displays the average price of a stock or currency over the past 200 days (or 40 weeks of trading). If the price of the asset remains above this average, it is generally considered to be in an upward trend.

Historical dataset of the United Kingdom Stock Market Index (FTSE 100), covering values from 1984-01-01 to 2025-12-02, with the latest releases and long-term trends. Available for free download in CSV format.

Stock and commodity exchanges can benefit from various sources of revenue, ranging from fees charged through the purchasing and selling of stocks and commodities to the listing of companies on exchanges with IPOs. Yet, this hasn't meant exchanges have been free of challenges, with many companies looking to more attractive overseas markets in countries like the US that embrace stronger growth. The most notable culprits have been ARM and CRH, refusing to put up with the increasingly cheaper valuations offered by UK stock exchanges.Stock and commodity exchange revenue is expected to boom at a compound annual rate of 13% over the five years through 2025-26 to £18 billion, including growth of 5.2% in 2025-26. Boosted by the London Stock Exchange Group's Refinitiv purchase in 2021-22, the growth numbers seem inflated. The industry saw ample consolidations, aided by MiFID II's initiation in 2018. However, M&As have slumped over recent years as a result of high borrowing costs and a foggy economic outlook. Interest rate cuts and growing confidence are set to facilitate a modest recovery over the two years through 2025, driving revenue growth and supporting profit of 25.7% in 2025-26. Exchanges have also capitalised on volatile markets, with nervous investors triggering sharp sell-offs amid a tense geopolitical backdrop with Trump’s tariff policies. Consolidation amongst the largest players has been frequent, ratcheting up market share concentration. This will also prompt smaller exchanges to target niche markets and potentially band together in networks or alliances to pool liquidity and strengthen bargaining power. Revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 4.7% over the five years through 2030-31 to £22.7 billion. Over the short term, sticky inflation and how aggressively the Bank of England cuts rates will incite volatility and fuel trading on exchanges, driving revenue growth. Geopolitical tensions also show no signs of cooling, with the potential for matters to even escalate, keeping markets edgy and increasing the likelihood of large market swings. The use of blockchain will become more prevalent, with major player, the London Stock Exchange Group, already introducing a blockchain-based infrastructure platform for private markets. These exchanges allow for 24/7 trading, lower settlement times, and often lower fees, which can attract retail and institutional participants, driving fee income.