Key Provisions of the India–UK FTA

• Tariff Reductions: India will eliminate tariffs on 99% of British goods, including whisky, automobiles, and medical devices. Conversely, the UK will reduce tariffs on Indian exports such as textiles, leather, and engineering goods. Notably, whisky tariffs in India will decrease from 150% to 75%, with a further reduction to 40% over the next decade.
• Trade Volume Increase: The FTA is expected to boost bilateral trade by £25.5 billion annually by 2040, contributing an additional £4.8 billion to the UK's GDP each year.
• Labor Mobility: The agreement includes a "Double Contribution Convention," exempting Indian professionals temporarily posted to the UK from paying national insurance contributions for up to three years. This provision aims to facilitate the movement of skilled labor between the two countries.
• Investment Protections: An investment treaty accompanying the FTA will allow companies to sue either government if they believe policy changes unfairly harm their investment or profits. This mechanism is designed to protect investors against potential unfair treatment under local laws.

The statistic shows the trade balance of goods (exports minus imports of goods) in the United Kingdom from 2014 to 2024. A positive value means a trade surplus, a negative trade balance means a trade deficit. In 2024, the trade deficit of goods in the United Kingdom amounted to about ****** billion U.S. dollars. On the effects of Brexit on the UK's economy The United Kingdom has maintained a trade deficit over the last ten years, but now that the country has chosen to leave the European Union, current trade agreements will need to be renegotiated and trade relationships and the trade balance will change. As of 2015, one of the UK’s most important import and export partners was Germany, but it also trades heavily with many other countries within the European Union; more than half of total value of the UK trade in goods is associated with European Union countries. Trade agreements which have been negotiated by the European Union extend beyond member countries, and the United Kingdom will now have to renegotiate its own trade deals with a far larger number of countries by itself. It remains to be seen as to how the UK will manage these negotiations. Another big question is how the UK banking sector will be able to access the European market. Services contributed close to ** percent of UK GDP, which includes banking services. While it is too soon predict how Brexit will impact the United Kingdom entirely, estimates of the decision’s long term effects estimate negative GDP growth of around **** percent in an optimistic scenario, with the pessimistic scenario estimating negative growth of around *** percent.

As of April 2025, just over **** of respondents to a survey on U.S. tariffs against the UK would support the government seeking a trade deal to reduce barriers, compared with ** percent who thought the UK should immediately introduce retaliatory tariffs.

In December 24, 2020, the European Union and the United Kingdom signed the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) after years of negotiations following the Brexit decision of June 2016. According to the winter economic forecast published by the European Commission, the impact of the trade agreement on the United Kingdom's gross domestic output (GDP) is predicted to lead to a loss of about **** percent by the end of 2022. This was lower than the previous forecast, which was based on a no-deal scenario trading under WTO terms. The impact of the trade agreement on the EU's GDP is forecast to be significantly lower at about *** percent.

Quantitative research with London's SMEs undertaken by the GLA's Opinion Research team. Online survey carried out by YouGov for the GLA between 5th–19th March 2021, with a response of 1,012 London businesses (owners or senior decision makers only). Sample weighted to be representative of all London businesses by size and sector, based on October 2020 Business population estimates data. Main objectives: To understand the immediate impact of Brexit and the trade deal on London’s SMEs, including which areas of business are the most/least affected, and which areas of the trade deal are causing the most confusion To assess the appetite of SMEs to continue/increase trading with the EU in light of the trade deal

This study will analyse the potential economic impact of a lack of the Trade Continuity Agreement between Canada and the United Kingdom when the United Kingdom would no longer be a legal party to Canada-EU treaties, including CETA as of January 1, 2021. In the absence of a transitional agreement or a trade agreement between Canada and the United Kingdom, bilateral trade between the two countries would be governed by WTO rules alone, and the goods trade between Canada and the United Kingdom would be subject to WTO most-favoured nation (MFN) duties. Neither Canada nor the United Kingdom would continue to benefit from the preferential market access currently provided for under CETA. In May 2020, the United Kingdom announced the applied MFN tariff schedule referred to as the UK Global Tariff (UKGT), which would take effect after the post-Brexit transition period. The United Kingdom’s bound tariff rates—the highest tariffs that the United Kingdom could apply—have not yet been certified at the WTO. The proposed bound tariffs are almost identical to the EU’s Common External Tariffs (CET). The analysis that follows explores the economic implications of the two scenarios where Canada-U.K. trade reverts to MFN conditions: the U.K. applied tariffs (UKGT) and the U.K. bound tariffs (EU CET). The benefits from increased certainty for the services sectors under CETA would also be removed.

Delays in US tariff relief for British steel and other allies continue to harm global trade, with industries facing financial losses and uncertainty.

Tesco chooses to keep sourcing beef from the UK and Ireland, ignoring a new US-UK trade deal that allows American beef imports.

As of January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom (UK) is no longer a member of the European Union (EU). The UK left the EU without a trade deal, and has until the end of 2020 to determine the new framework of its trade relations with the EU. This means either a free trade agreement (FTA) will need to be struck between the two parties, or the UK will fall back on trading under the World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules. According to a study on the possible impact of these scenarios on GDP growth in the UK, after the transition period ends by the beginning of 2021, trading under WTO terms will lead to a decline of *** percent in UK GDP. Relative to this rate, if the UK trade with the EU under a FTA, the GDP is forecast to improve by * percent.

This dataset shows the UK import tariffs which apply from 1 January 2021. It lists preferential measures where the UK has entered into a new trade agreement or arrangement with a third country or territory. For other countries and territories, it shows the UK's Most Favoured Nation (MFN) tariffs. The dataset does not include other import duties (such as VAT) and details of quota volumes.

The Origin Quotas under the CUKTCA represent specific provisions governing the import and export of certain goods between Canada and the UK. These Origin Quotas delineate predetermined volumes or quantities of certain goods, typically agricultural or manufactured products, such as textiles, apparel and vehicles, that are subject to a different set of rules of origin, in order to qualify for preferential tariffs.

After the new trade deal between the European Union and the United Kingdom came into effect in January 2021, the import and export trade between the two parties took a historic nosedive. While the value of goods imported from the EU into the UK was at approximately 17.2 billion British pounds, UK exports that made their way into the EU was measured at 7.6 billion British pounds in January 2021. However, both import and export values increased rapidly in the following months. As of March 2023, UK imports from the EU reached to about 26.1 billion British pounds, and the export value of trade goods from the UK into the EU amounted to approximately 15.2 billion British pounds.

This page has been replaced with a newer page offering CSV and ODS versions of the tariff datasets The new page is Tariffs to trade with the UK from 1st January 2021

This dataset shows current UK import tariffs and historic versions applied since 1 January 2021.

It lists preferential measures where the UK has entered into a new trade agreement or arrangement with a third country or territory. For other countries and territories, it shows the UK's Most Favoured Nation (MFN) tariffs.

The dataset does not include other import duties (such as VAT) and details of quota volumes.

Notes on use

For guidance on the content of the data and how to interpret it, see the Tariff Data Manual.

There are 4 datasets available, which show the same underlying data in two formats:

Full Tariff

This table shows all duties and commodities being applied to the UK Tariff.

Measures on declarable commodities

This is series of tables separated into sections that show the measures that apply to all declarable commodity codes.

These are 10-digit codes, which are at the lowest level in the commodity code hierarchy (as in they do not have any commodity codes below them in the hierarchy) This means they are at the most granular classification for that product.

Any codes in these tables are usable on declarations at the rates specified.

You can find which section you need on the UK Integrated Online Tariff.

Measures as defined

This is a smaller table showing where in the commodity code hierarchy each measure is defined. This includes commodity codes which are not declarable.

Codes are organised in a hierarchy, with the 'indent' column identifying the depth of the code.

Measures apply to all of the codes in the hierarchy below where they are defined.

Commodities

This table shows all the commodity codes used in the Tariff. It includes:

• Specific IDs (SIDs)
• Codes and parent codes
• Code descriptions for the type of commodity
• Validity start and end dates

Accuracy

Every effort has been made to ensure the tariff information in this dataset is correct. At times, tariffs in this dataset are a representation of future events and as such are subject to change.

This Notice sets out the policies and practices pertaining to the administration of textiles and apparel for import from the United Kingdom under the Canada-United Kingdom Trade Continuity Agreement (Canada-UK TCA).

The Political Tension Index provides a real-time measure of global political risk sentiment, built using advanced natural language processing across thousands of international news sources. The dataset captures shifts in tone around governance, diplomacy, trade disputes, and leadership dynamics, offering investors and policymakers a forward-looking lens on systemic political instability. Our analysis of the past 12 months reveals that political risk has become structural rather than episodic, with trade tensions, tariff policies, and high-profile leadership events driving persistent volatility. Temporary improvements, such as the US–UK trade deal and global tariff talks, have proven short-lived, reinforcing the fragility of the geopolitical outlook. This dataset highlights the market sensitivity to political narratives, where protectionist measures or leadership controversies can move commodity prices, equities, currencies, and global risk appetite within hours. With daily updates, the Political Tension Index delivers a powerful data feed for hedge funds, risk managers, and macro strategists to integrate into models, stress testing, and portfolio overlays—enabling more adaptive and resilient risk management strategies. By providing real-time political sentiment data, the Index transforms unstructured media flow into structured, actionable insights, helping institutional users anticipate volatility before it fully manifests in market pricing.

This Notice sets out the policies and practices pertaining to the administration of vehicles for export to the United Kingdom under the Canada - United Kingdom Trade Continuity Agreement (Canada-UK TCA).