Among the respondents in Russia, the lowest level of public support toward the actions of Russian military forces in Ukraine was recorded among the population aged 18 to 24 years, at around 66 percent in April 2025. In the age group of 55 years and above, that share stood at over 80 percent. Russian forces invaded Ukraine on February 24, 2022. Overall, eight out of ten Russians supported the military actions.

As of January 1, 2022, the number of people younger than 18 years in Ukraine was approximately *** million. The adult population aged 18 years and older amounted to **** million, representing around ** percent of the total inhabitants. Over ** million people, or ** percent of all residents, were aged 60 years and older. What is the population of Ukraine? Ukraine is the eighth-most populated country in Europe, ranking between Poland and Romania by the number of inhabitants. In 2023, an estimated ** million people resided in Ukraine, down approximately **** million from two years prior. The population size has decreased significantly during the Russian invasion, as millions of refugees fled to other countries. Demographics of Ukraine The number of women in Ukraine exceeded that of men by approximately ***** million as of January 1, 2022. At that point, the country’s male population stood at approximately ** million. Over the past two decades, it decreased by over ***** million. The majority, or ***** out of ten Ukrainian residents, lived in cities. Both the urban and rural population saw a decline in the past 20 years.

Population ages 25-29, male (% of male population) in Ukraine was reported at 5.8184 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Ukraine - Population ages 25-29, male (% of male population) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

The dataset includes data collected from a series of public opinion polls conducted by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) from May 2022 to February 2025, on the question aimed at measuring the readiness of the Ukrainian population for territorial concessions to end the war. The question used was: 'Which of these statements about possible compromises to achieve peace with Russia do you agree with more?' The answer options were: 'To achieve peace as quickly as possible and maintain independence, Ukraine may give up some of its territories,' or 'Under no circumstances should Ukraine give up any of its territories, even if it means the war will last longer and there will be threats to maintaining independence.' The background information includes respondents' socio-demographic profiles (gender, age, education, nationality, occupation, self-assessment of financial situation) and place of residence (oblast, type of settlement). The merged dataset includes data from 13 polls from May 2022 to February 2025 with a total of 18,215 respondents. All survey waves were conducted with samples representative of the adult population (18 years and older) of Ukraine (within the territories controlled by the Ukrainian government as of February 24, 2022) using the CATI (computer-assisted telephone interview) method. The question was asked to either the full sample (2,000 respondents) or a subsample (1,000 respondents), depending on the survey wave. The data is available in an SAV format (Ukrainian, English) and a converted CSV format (with a codebook). The Data Documentation (pdf file) also includes a short overview and discussion of survey results.

New in version 1.1. The previous version (v1.0) contained data from the beginning of the monitoring (May 2022) up to May 2024. This version (v1.1) includes data from three new survey waves, extending the coverage period to February 2025.

In all age groups until 29 years old, there were more men than women in Russia as of January 1, 2024. After that age, the female population outnumbered the male population in each category. The most represented age group in the country was from 35 to 39 years old, with approximately *** million women and *** million men. Male-to-female ratio in Russia The number of men in Russia was historically lower than the number of women, which was a result of population losses during World War I and World War II. In 1950, in the age category from 25 to 29 years, ** men were recorded per 100 women in the Soviet Union. In today’s Russia, the female-to-male ratio in the same age group reached *** women per 1,000 men. Russia has the highest life expectancy gender gap The World Health Organization estimated the average life expectancy of women across the world at over five years longer than men. In Russia, this gap between genders exceeded 10 years. According to the study “Burden of disease in Russia, 1980-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016,” Russia had the highest gender difference in life expectancy worldwide.

ObjectiveThis study examines the prevalence and predictors of mental health issues, specifically anxiety, depression, and stress, among Ukrainians during the military conflict with Russia.MethodA cross-sectional correlational study was conducted six months after the beginning of the conflict. Sociodemographic factors, traumatic experiences, anxiety, depression, and stress were assessed. The study included 706 participants, both men and women, from different age groups and living in various regions of Ukraine. The data were collected from August till October 2022.ResultsThe study found that a large portion of the Ukrainian population shows increased levels of anxiety, depression, and stress due to the war. Women were found to be more vulnerable to mental health issues than men, and younger people were found to be more resilient. Worsened financial and employment statuses predicted increased anxiety. Ukrainians who fled the conflict to other countries exhibited higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. Direct exposure to trauma predicted increased anxiety and depression, while war-related exposure to “other stressful events” predicted increased acute stress levels.ConclusionThe findings of this study highlight the importance of addressing the mental health needs of Ukrainians affected by the ongoing conflict. Interventions and support should be tailored to address the specific needs of different groups, particularly women, younger individuals, and those with worsened financial and employment statuses.

Euromaidan (or the Revolution of Dignity) is the name given to the protests of late November 2013 - February 2014 that began after the Ukrainian government announced that it was suspending its course towards European integration. KIIS, in collaboration with DIF and with funding from the International Renaissance Foundation, conducted three polls among participants of the Maidan protests in Kyiv: • The first poll of Maidan participants was held on weekdays, the 7th and 8th of December 2013. A total of 1037 respondents were interviewed using a method that provides a random sample of Maidan participants. • The second poll of Maidan, conducted when it had become a stationary camp (Maidan-camp), took place on December 20, 2013 (Friday). A total of 515 persons were interviewed, representing all stationary points on the square. • On February 3, 2014 (Monday), the third survey of Maidan participants was conducted. In total, 502 people were interviewed at all stationary points of Maidan (tents, House of Trade Unions, the building of the Kyiv City State Administration, October Palace, Ukrainian House, and others), according to a sample that provided proportional coverage of Maidan participants. The topics addressed in these polls include the motivations and demands of the protesters, their willingness to continue participating in protests, the conditions under which they would leave, as well as the socio-demographic profile of participants. The purpose of the survey was to discover whether and what changes had happened among Maidan participants at different stages, exploring shifts in the social and demographic structure, as well as changes in views and demands.

After the end of Euromaidan and a period of time passed, KIIS incorporated a question into its nationwide polls with the objective of understanding the public's perception of those protests. The question was: "Please tell me which of the following two statements is closer to your opinion? Euromaidan was... 1) a people's protest in support of Ukraine's European path of development, against government corruption, and violence from representatives of law enforcement OR 2) a struggle for power by anti-Russian, nationalist forces supported by Western intelligence services". This question was designed and employed as part of an assessment of the effectiveness of Russian propaganda; therefore, the second option deliberately repeats one of the Russian propaganda theses. In the period 2015-2018, this question was included in four public opinion polls. Each of the polls was carried out on a sample representative of Ukraine's adult population (aged 18 and older), with an average sample size of about 2,000 respondents. For ease of analysis, the data from these polls was merged into one dataset, with a total of 8,119 respondents. The background information includes respondents' socio-demographic profiles (gender, age, education, nationality, occupation, self-assessment of financial situation) and place of residence (oblast, type of settlement). These data can be used to analyse the transformations of retrospective perceptions of the Euromaidan events among the population of Ukraine, particularly as an indicator of the influence of various narratives across different territorial and socio-demographic groups.

Euromaidan (or the Revolution of Dignity) is the name given to the protests of late November 2013 - February 2014 that began after the Ukrainian government announced that it was suspending its course towards European integration. KIIS, in collaboration with DIF and with funding from the International Renaissance Foundation, conducted three polls among participants of the Maidan protests in Kyiv: • The first poll of Maidan participants was held on weekdays, the 7th and 8th of December 2013. A total of 1037 respondents were interviewed using a method that provides a random sample of Maidan participants. • The second poll of Maidan, conducted when it had become a stationary camp (Maidan-camp), took place on December 20, 2013 (Friday). A total of 515 persons were interviewed, representing all stationary points on the square. • On February 3, 2014 (Monday), the third survey of Maidan participants was conducted. In total, 502 people were interviewed at all stationary points of Maidan (tents, House of Trade Unions, the building of the Kyiv City State Administration, October Palace, Ukrainian House, and others), according to a sample that provided proportional coverage of Maidan participants. The topics addressed in these polls include the motivations and demands of the protesters, their willingness to continue participating in protests, the conditions under which they would leave, as well as the socio-demographic profile of participants. The purpose of the survey was to discover whether and what changes had happened among Maidan participants at different stages, exploring shifts in the social and demographic structure, as well as changes in views and demands.

After the end of Euromaidan and a period of time passed, KIIS incorporated a question into its nationwide polls with the objective of understanding the public's perception of those protests. The question was: "Please tell me which of the following two statements is closer to your opinion? Euromaidan was... 1) a people's protest in support of Ukraine's European path of development, against government corruption, and violence from representatives of law enforcement OR 2) a struggle for power by anti-Russian, nationalist forces supported by Western intelligence services". This question was designed and employed as part of an assessment of the effectiveness of Russian propaganda; therefore, the second option deliberately repeats one of the Russian propaganda theses. In the period 2015-2018, this question was included in four public opinion polls. Each of the polls was carried out on a sample representative of Ukraine's adult population (aged 18 and older), with an average sample size of about 2,000 respondents. For ease of analysis, the data from these polls was merged into one dataset, with a total of 8,119 respondents. The background information includes respondents' socio-demographic profiles (gender, age, education, nationality, occupation, self-assessment of financial situation) and place of residence (oblast, type of settlement). These data can be used to analyse the transformations of retrospective perceptions of the Euromaidan events among the population of Ukraine, particularly as an indicator of the influence of various narratives across different territorial and socio-demographic groups.

Ukraine. name, long name, population (source), population, constitutional form, drives on, head of state authority, Main continent, number of airports, Airports - with paved runways, Airports - with unpaved runways, Area, Birth rate, calling code, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, Current Account Balance, Death rate, Debt - external, Economic aid donor, Electricity consumption, Electricity consumption per capita, Electricity exports, Electricity imports, Electricity production, Exports, GDP - per capita (PPP), GDP (purchasing power parity), GDP real growth rate, Gross national income, Human Development Index, Health expenditures, Heliports, HIV AIDS adult prevalence rate, HIV AIDS deaths, HIV AIDS people living with HIV AIDS, Hospital bed density, capital city, Currency, Imports, Industrial production growth rate, Infant mortality rate, Inflation rate consumer prices, Internet hosts, internet tld, Internet users, Investment (gross fixed), iso 3166 code, ISO CODE, Labor force, Life expectancy at birth, Literacy, Manpower available for military service, Manpower fit for military service, Manpower reaching militarily age annually, is democracy, Market value of publicly traded shares, Maternal mortality rate, Merchant marine, Military expenditures percent of GDP, Natural gas consumption, Natural gas consumption per capita, Natural gas exports, Natural gas imports, Natural gas production, Natural gas proved reserves, Net migration rate, Obesity adult prevalence rate, Oil consumption, Oil consumption per capita, Oil exports, Oil imports, Oil production, Oil proved reserves, Physicians density, Population below poverty line, Population census, Population density, Population estimate, Population growth rate, Public debt, Railways, Reserves of foreign exchange and gold, Roadways, Stock of direct foreign investment abroad, Stock of direct foreign investment at home, Telephones main lines in use, Telephones main lines in use per capita, Telephones mobile cellular, Telephones mobile cellular per capita, Total fertility rate, Unemployment rate, Unemployment, youth ages 15-24, Waterways, valley, helicopter, canyon, artillery, crater, religion, continent, border, Plateau, marsh, Demonym

How many soldiers does Russia have? The Russian Armed Forces had 3.57 million troops as of 2025, with 37 percent of them, or 1.32 million, being active military personnel. Two million were reserve service members, and 250,000 were paramilitary forces. The number of people in the Russian military was increased twice after the invasion of Ukraine; the respective presidential decrees came into force in January and December 2023. Largest armies worldwide The Russian Army had the fourth-largest available active military manpower in 2025, having shared that rank with North Korea. The militaries of China, India, and the United States had more active soldiers. In terms of defense spending, Russia ranked third after the U.S. and China. Military personnel of Ukraine and NATO Russia’s active troops outnumbered Ukraine’s by 420,000 as of 2025. Furthermore, reserve and paramilitary forces of Russia were higher. When comparing Russia’s active military personnel to that of the countries in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), it was roughly 2.6 times smaller. In total, NATO members were estimated to over 3.4 million troops, including active, reserve, and paramilitary units. The U.S., Turkey, and Poland have the largest armies in NATO.

This data collection offers a representative omnibus survey of the Ukrainian population, living in territories controlled by the Ukrainian government without ongoing armed hostilities. The survey was conducted by the Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation together with the sociological service of the Razumkov Center from 09 to 15 August 2023. The survey was conducted using a stratified multi-stage sample. The structure of the sample reflects the demographic structure of the adult population of the surveyed territories as of the beginning of 2022 (by age, gender, type of settlement). 2019 respondents aged 18 and older were interviewed. The theoretical sampling error does not exceed 2.3%. At the same time, additional systematic sample deviations may be caused by the consequences of Russian aggression, in particular, the forced evacuation of millions of citizens. The survey covers five thematic fields: assessment of the current situation in the country, the Russian war of aggression, energy sector, corruption, volunteering. This data collection contains the original survey data. The SPSS file (.sav) is the original file provided by the Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation. It has been exported into an Excel file. The content of the respective xlsx-file should be identical with the original sav-file. The sav-file contains the questions and answer options of the original questionnaire in Ukrainian. The original questionnaire and an English translation are also included in this data collection as separate pdf-file. Additionally, the data collection contains three files with "selected results" which document some major results of the survey in the form of analytical summaries and descriptive statistics: two in English, covering assessment of the current situation in the country + the Russian war of aggression as well as volunteering; one in Ukrainian covering corruption. New in version 1.1: The numbering of questions in the separate questionnaire (file "DIF_CR_0823-questionnaire-revised.pdf") has been adjusted to the numbering in the original data file ("DIF_CR_0823.sav"). A third file with "selected results" has been added. New in version 1.2: An English translation of the questionnaire has been added under "files". Method(s) of data collection: Public Opinion PollMethod(s) of data analysis: Descriptive Statistics Published on Discuss Data, https://discuss-data.net/dataset/3f4a566d-8e85-4f7d-916a-99bd35896b57/

PurposeThe study aims to highlight the behavior of people in a state in the vicinity of a military conflict zone. Specifically, it highlights the psychological behavior of Romanian citizens after the invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation. It was considered appropriate to carry out this study, given the novelty of such a situation, since, after the end of the Second World War, Europe has no longer faced major problems of insecurity caused by armed conflicts of this magnitude.MethodsThe study was based on the questionnaire applied to a number of 1,193 people with permanent residence in Romania and a minimum age of 18 years. The data were collected in the beginning phase of the invasion of Ukraine by the troops of the Russian Federation, i.e. between March 1–17, 2022. The aim was to obtain information that would allow the observation of re-spondents' opinions on the conflict in Ukraine and its potential escalation, and on the other hand, to allow the assessment of quality of life, using the WHQOL-BREEF measurement instrument.ResultsBased on the results of the study, the highest average satisfaction among the four domains of WHOQOL-BREF is represented by the “Psychological” domain, of the category of people with the lowest fear about a potential future war between Romania and the Russian Federation (83.62 ± 17.48). On the contrary, the lowest average is represented by the “Environment” domain, for the category of persons who do not feel protected by the fact that Romania is a NATO member state (61.77 ± 20.96).ConclusionsThe results of the study show that the indices of the quality of life of the people in Romania, as a state in the proximity of a military conflict with the potential to escalate, are negatively influenced by the fears of people who believe that the war in Ukraine will escalate into a regional or global conflict, or that the Russian Federation is going to use its nuclear arsenal against Ukraine or another NATO member state.

Abstract

Different countries have different health outcomes that are in part due to the way respective health systems perform. Regardless of the type of health system, individuals will have health and non-health expectations in terms of how the institution responds to their needs. In many countries, however, health systems do not perform effectively and this is in part due to lack of information on health system performance, and on the different service providers.

The aim of the WHO World Health Survey is to provide empirical data to the national health information systems so that there is a better monitoring of health of the people, responsiveness of health systems and measurement of health-related parameters.

The overall aims of the survey is to examine the way populations report their health, understand how people value health states, measure the performance of health systems in relation to responsiveness and gather information on modes and extents of payment for health encounters through a nationally representative population based community survey. In addition, it addresses various areas such as health care expenditures, adult mortality, birth history, various risk factors, assessment of main chronic health conditions and the coverage of health interventions, in specific additional modules.

The objectives of the survey programme are to: 1. develop a means of providing valid, reliable and comparable information, at low cost, to supplement the information provided by routine health information systems. 2. build the evidence base necessary for policy-makers to monitor if health systems are achieving the desired goals, and to assess if additional investment in health is achieving the desired outcomes. 3. provide policy-makers with the evidence they need to adjust their policies, strategies and programmes as necessary.

Geographic coverage

The survey sampling frame must cover 100% of the country's eligible population, meaning that the entire national territory must be included. This does not mean that every province or territory need be represented in the survey sample but, rather, that all must have a chance (known probability) of being included in the survey sample.

There may be exceptional circumstances that preclude 100% national coverage. Certain areas in certain countries may be impossible to include due to reasons such as accessibility or conflict. All such exceptions must be discussed with WHO sampling experts. If any region must be excluded, it must constitute a coherent area, such as a particular province or region. For example if ¾ of region D in country X is not accessible due to war, the entire region D will be excluded from analysis.

Analysis unit

Households and individuals

Universe

The WHS will include all male and female adults (18 years of age and older) who are not out of the country during the survey period. It should be noted that this includes the population who may be institutionalized for health reasons at the time of the survey: all persons who would have fit the definition of household member at the time of their institutionalisation are included in the eligible population.

If the randomly selected individual is institutionalized short-term (e.g. a 3-day stay at a hospital) the interviewer must return to the household when the individual will have come back to interview him/her. If the randomly selected individual is institutionalized long term (e.g. has been in a nursing home the last 8 years), the interviewer must travel to that institution to interview him/her.

The target population includes any adult, male or female age 18 or over living in private households. Populations in group quarters, on military reservations, or in other non-household living arrangements will not be eligible for the study. People who are in an institution due to a health condition (such as a hospital, hospice, nursing home, home for the aged, etc.) at the time of the visit to the household are interviewed either in the institution or upon their return to their household if this is within a period of two weeks from the first visit to the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

SAMPLING GUIDELINES FOR WHS

Surveys in the WHS program must employ a probability sampling design. This means that every single individual in the sampling frame has a known and non-zero chance of being selected into the survey sample. While a Single Stage Random Sample is ideal if feasible, it is recognized that most sites will carry out Multi-stage Cluster Sampling.

The WHS sampling frame should cover 100% of the eligible population in the surveyed country. This means that every eligible person in the country has a chance of being included in the survey sample. It also means that particular ethnic groups or geographical areas may not be excluded from the sampling frame.

The sample size of the WHS in each country is 5000 persons (exceptions considered on a by-country basis). An adequate number of persons must be drawn from the sampling frame to account for an estimated amount of non-response (refusal to participate, empty houses etc.). The highest estimate of potential non-response and empty households should be used to ensure that the desired sample size is reached at the end of the survey period. This is very important because if, at the end of data collection, the required sample size of 5000 has not been reached additional persons must be selected randomly into the survey sample from the sampling frame. This is both costly and technically complicated (if this situation is to occur, consult WHO sampling experts for assistance), and best avoided by proper planning before data collection begins.

All steps of sampling, including justification for stratification, cluster sizes, probabilities of selection, weights at each stage of selection, and the computer program used for randomization must be communicated to WHO

STRATIFICATION

Stratification is the process by which the population is divided into subgroups. Sampling will then be conducted separately in each subgroup. Strata or subgroups are chosen because evidence is available that they are related to the outcome (e.g. health, responsiveness, mortality, coverage etc.). The strata chosen will vary by country and reflect local conditions. Some examples of factors that can be stratified on are geography (e.g. North, Central, South), level of urbanization (e.g. urban, rural), socio-economic zones, provinces (especially if health administration is primarily under the jurisdiction of provincial authorities), or presence of health facility in area. Strata to be used must be identified by each country and the reasons for selection explicitly justified.

Stratification is strongly recommended at the first stage of sampling. Once the strata have been chosen and justified, all stages of selection will be conducted separately in each stratum. We recommend stratifying on 3-5 factors. It is optimum to have half as many strata (note the difference between stratifying variables, which may be such variables as gender, socio-economic status, province/region etc. and strata, which are the combination of variable categories, for example Male, High socio-economic status, Xingtao Province would be a stratum).

Strata should be as homogenous as possible within and as heterogeneous as possible between. This means that strata should be formulated in such a way that individuals belonging to a stratum should be as similar to each other with respect to key variables as possible and as different as possible from individuals belonging to a different stratum. This maximises the efficiency of stratification in reducing sampling variance.

MULTI-STAGE CLUSTER SELECTION

A cluster is a naturally occurring unit or grouping within the population (e.g. enumeration areas, cities, universities, provinces, hospitals etc.); it is a unit for which the administrative level has clear, nonoverlapping boundaries. Cluster sampling is useful because it avoids having to compile exhaustive lists of every single person in the population. Clusters should be as heterogeneous as possible within and as homogenous as possible between (note that this is the opposite criterion as that for strata). Clusters should be as small as possible (i.e. large administrative units such as Provinces or States are not good clusters) but not so small as to be homogenous.

In cluster sampling, a number of clusters are randomly selected from a list of clusters. Then, either all members of the chosen cluster or a random selection from among them are included in the sample. Multistage sampling is an extension of cluster sampling where a hierarchy of clusters are chosen going from larger to smaller.

In order to carry out multi-stage sampling, one needs to know only the population sizes of the sampling units. For the smallest sampling unit above the elementary unit however, a complete list of all elementary units (households) is needed; in order to be able to randomly select among all households in the TSU, a list of all those households is required. This information may be available from the most recent population census. If the last census was >3 years ago or the information furnished by it was of poor quality or unreliable, the survey staff will have the task of enumerating all households in the smallest randomly selected sampling unit. It is very important to budget for this step if it is necessary and ensure that all households are properly enumerated in order that a representative sample is obtained.

It is always best to have as many clusters in the PSU as possible. The reason for this is that the fewer the number of respondents in each PSU, the lower will be the clustering effect which

As of May 31, 2025, 13,341 civilian deaths in Ukraine were reported by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) due to the Russian invasion that started on February 24, 2022. OHCHR specified that the real figures could be significantly higher. Furthermore, the increases in the figures each week should not be attributed to that week only because they include adjustments from previous weeks.

Abstract

The 2000 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey has as its primary objectives: · To provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in Ukraine at the end of the decade and for looking forward to the next decade; · To furnish data needed for monitoring progress toward goals established at the World Summit for Children and as a basis for future action; · To contribute to the improvement of data and monitoring systems in Ukraine and to strengthen technical expertise in the design, implementation, and analysis of such systems.

Geographic coverage

In forming sample from Ukraine’s total population the following population categories were excluded: population residing in the first and second zones of radioactive contamination caused by the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station disaster – alienation zone and unconditional (mandatory) resettlement zone, as well as institutionalized population (active military servicemen; penitentiary institutions inmates; hospices and senior citizens’ homes inmates).

Analysis unit

The following survey units were used: - a household; - a woman; - an under-five child

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample Design The sample for the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) was designed to provide estimates of indicators at the national level, for urban and rural areas.

For conducting cluster survey of women’s and children’s situation in Ukraine national territorial probability weighted sample of non-institutionalized units (households) was relied upon. Household selection share was equal to 1/3169, i.e. a selected sample household represented 3169 households from general population. The procedure for multiple level stratified territorial units selection with probability proportionate to size was used to form the sample population.

Households were selected at the last stage drawing on the systematic selection mechanism according to addresses listing. Taking into account demographic situation in Ukraine (according to government statistics, children under five constitute 0.9 percent of Ukraine’s population), the MICS project’s major goals, and available funding for MICS conducting, households with under-five children were selected from addresses lists within the selected areas. This approach was also instrumental in tackling the issue of fertile age women presence in households.

Sample Formation Procedure Sampling included three stages: - Exclusion of territories that cannot be surveyed; - General population units stratification; - First level territorial units selection; - Second level territorial units selection; - Households selection.

Detailed sampling procedure is available in Section "SURVEY METHODOLOGY" of the full report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaires for the Ukraine MICS were based on the MICS Model Questionnaire with some modifications and additions. A household questionnaire was administered in each household, which collected various information on household members including sex, age, literacy, marital status, and orphanhood status. The household questionnaire also included education, water and sanitation, and salt iodization modules. In addition to a household questionnaire, questionnaires were administered in each household for women age 15-49 and children under age five. For children, the questionnaire was administered to the mother or caretaker of the child. The questionnaire for women contained the following modules: Contraceptive use HIV/AIDS.

The questionnaire for children under age five includes modules on: Breastfeeding Care of Illness Anthropometry.

From the MICS model English version, the questionnaires were translated into two languages: Ukrainian and Russian. The questionnaires were pretested during May 2000. Based on the results of the pretest, modifications were made to the wording and translation of the questionnaires.

Cleaning operations

Data were entered on forty computers, with 27 of them provided by UNICEF as technical assistance, using IVA program for Windows. In order to ensure quality control, all questionnaires were double entered and internal consistency checks were performed. Procedures and standard programs developed under MICS and adapted to the country questionnaire were used throughout. Regional level data were e-mailed to the Central Office on August 7, 2000. Data processing began in August 2000 and finished in October 2000.

Response rate

Of the 5,600 households selected for the MICS survey, 5,051 gave their consent to take part in the survey. Of these, 5,051 were successfully interviewed for a household response rate of 90.2 percent. Response rate proved to be somewhat higher in urban areas (90.2%) than in rural areas (90.1%). In the interviewed households, 5,051 eligible women (age 15-49) were identified. Of these, all 5,051 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 100 percent. In addition, 4,282 children under age five were listed in the household questionnaires. Of these, all the questionnaires were completed for a response rate of 100 percent.

On behalf of the Press and Information Office of the Federal Government, the opinion research institute forsa has regularly conducted representative population surveys on the topic of Germany and the Ukraine War from calendar week 13/2022. The individual question areas were adapted according on the survey period. During the survey period from 12.12.2022 to 14.12.2022, the German-speaking resident population aged 14 and over was surveyed in telephone interviews (CATI). The respondents were selected by multi-stage random sample.
Germany should continue to maintain the adopted economic sanctions against Russia vs. end; level of concern about possible impact of war in Ukraine on Germany; specific concerns about possible impact of war in Ukraine on Germany (open question); level of concern about the following related to war in Ukraine: Germany being dragged into a war with Russia, Germany taking on more than it can handle by taking in refugees from Ukraine, everything becoming more expensive, use of nuclear weapons, basic food supply in Germany being threatened, energy supply in Germany being threatened, personal financial situation worsening, financial difficulties due to additional payments for electricity and energy costs; satisfaction with regard to how the German government is dealing with the effects of the war in Ukraine on Germany; relief measures adopted by the German government so far are sufficient vs. further relief is needed; informedness about personally received relief or relief of the budget; noticeable relief of the own budget by the relief measures adopted by the federal government so far; expected future relief of the own budget by the relief measures adopted by the federal government so far; type of rehearsal warnings received at the nationwide warning day on December 8 (warning message on cell phone, siren heard, on another way, none of the above); sufficient commitment of the federal government with regard to the following challenges: Protection of important supply systems such as energy, drinking water or transport from sabotage, preparation for disaster situations, warning citizens in the event of a disaster; precautions taken to prepare for a possible disaster situation in Germany; type of precautions taken for a possible disaster situation (e.g., drinks stockpiled or food stockpiled, emergency suitcases packed, etc.).

Demography: sex; age (grouped); employment; education; household size; net household income (grouped); party preference in the next general election; voting behaviour in the last general election.

Additionally coded were: region; federal state; weight.

More than one half of the Russian population supported the partial mobilization of reservists announced in September 2022 during the war in Ukraine, according to a survey from October 2022. The lowest level of support was recorded in the age group from 18 to 24 years, at nearly 40 percent.

The gap between the number of women and men in Russia was measured at approximately 10.3 million as of January 1, 2024, with the female population of the country historically outnumbering the male population. Both genders saw a decrease in inhabitants compared to the previous year. Why are there more women than men in Russia? One of the factors explaining gender imbalance in modern Russia is the gap in average life expectancy between the genders. In 2022, Russian women outlived men by around 10 years. In particular, working-age men were six times more likely to die from external causes of death, such as accidents and suicides, compared to working age women in that year. Furthermore, partial mobilization announced as a result of the Russia-Ukraine war resulted in a mass exodus of young men fleeing from conscription. In response to the government’s call to recruit up to 300,000 reservists in end-September 2022, Google search interest in the term "How to leave Russia" increased sharply. Gender imbalance and its consequences for Russia In Russia, the labor market remains highly segregated by gender. Manual jobs in equipment operation, metal industry, manufacturing, and mechanics are male dominated. The labor shortage in these spheres could limit the country’s potential for increased industrial production. Furthermore, fewer men exacerbate the issue of falling births in Russia. In 2023, only 1.26 million births were recorded nationwide, the lowest over the past decade. Coupled with a decreasing number of working-age men, such a decline in live births could lead to less innovation, a larger share of retired people, and rising government expenditure on pensions and healthcare.

Over 1.2 million refugees from Ukraine due to the Russian invasion fled to Germany as of April 2025. Furthermore, the second-highest number was recorded in Poland. In total, around 5.1 million Ukrainian refugees were registered across Europe and 5.6 million worldwide as of May 2025. Most of them fled the country by crossing the border with Poland. Ukrainian refugees in Germany The first increases in the number of Ukrainian refugees in Germany were registered in March and April 2022. The figure exceeded one million refugees in September of that year. Germany had the highest monthly financial allowance for Ukrainians who fled the war compared to other European countries as of June 2022. Temporary protection for Ukrainian refugees in the EU European Union (EU) members implemented the Temporary Protection Directive (TPD), which guaranteed access to accommodation, welfare, and healthcare to refugees from Ukraine. People fleeing the war had a right to a residence permit in the EU, enter the labor market, and enroll children in educational institutions. The protection is granted until March 4, 2026, but it can be extended in the future depending on the situation in the country.

Over the past decade, the Danish population gradually grew older. While there were around 230,000 inhabitants aged 80 years or older in 2014, this group counted over 320,000 people at the beginning of 2023. The largest age group, however, were Danes between 20 and 39 years of age, counting over 1.55 million people that year. Growing population The Danish population has constantly grown since 2000, almost reaching six million in 2024. This is explained by a higher number of people born than deceasing, and a higher number of immigrants than emigrants. In 2023, however, more people deceased than babies born. Eastern Europeans make up largest immigrant group The over 600,000 inhabitants in Denmark with a foreign citizenship underline the increasing role migrants play in Danish society. Many of these are people migrating to Denmark for work, such as many Poles, who make up the largest immigrant group ahead of Ukrainians. Many of the Ukrainians are refugees fleeing the Russia-Ukraine war that broke out in 2022.