Russia launched its armed aggression against Ukraine in February 2014, seizing Crimea and subsequently occupying parts of the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine. On February 24, 2022, Russia started a large-scale invasion of Ukraine on multiple fronts, deploying troops and shelling Ukrainian cities and infrastructure. As of the end of 2023 the war against Ukraine is still ongoing and its outcome is unknown. At different stages of the war, KIIS has studied the public opinion of the Ukrainian population regarding Russian aggression. It included surveys on people's attitudes towards the annexation of Crimea, and Ukraine's countermeasures in Eastern Ukraine (Anti-Terrorist Operation, ATO) covering the period from 2014 to 2018. Since 2022, public opinion polls have asked questions regarding people's feelings and opinions about the ongoing war between Ukraine and Russia, perceptions of the government's actions, readiness for concessions / compromises to end the war, etc. Data from individual surveys for the period 2014-2023 (14 in total) were combined into a merged dataset. Each of these polls is representative of the Ukraine's adult population (aged 18 and older), and typically includes about 2,000 respondents. The background information includes respondents' socio-demographic profiles (gender, age, education, nationality, occupation, self-assessment of financial situation) and place of residence (oblast, type of settlement). These data provide a snapshot of public opinion of the Ukrainian population on some aspects of the Russian-Ukrainian war. Some questions are repeated, which makes it possible to track changes in opinions over time.

Context

On 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War that began in 2014. The invasion caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II, with more than 6.3 million Ukrainians fleeing the country and a third of the population displaced (Source: Wikipedia).

Content

This dataset is a collection of 407 news articles from NYT and Guardians related to ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The publishing date of articles ranges from Feb 1st, 2022 to Jul 31st, 2022.

What you can do?

Here are some ideas to explore:

• Discourse analysis of Russia-Ukraine conflict (How the war has evolved over months?)
• Identify most talked about issues (refugees, food, weapons, fuel, etc.)
• Extract sentiment of articles for both Russia and Ukraine
• Which world leaders have tried to become mediators?
• Number of supporting countries for both Russia and Ukraine
• Map how NATO alliance has been affected by the war

I am looking forward to see your work and ideas and will keep adding more ideas to explore.

Dataset Card for Russia Ukraine Conflict

  Dataset Summary

Context

On 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War that began in 2014. The invasion caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II, with more than 6.3 million Ukrainians fleeing the country and a third of the population displaced (Source: Wikipedia).

Content

This dataset is a collection of 407 news articles from NYT and Guardians related to ongoing… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/hugginglearners/russia-ukraine-conflict-articles.

Since 2008, KIIS has been tracking public opinion in Ukraine regarding Russia by asking the question 'What is your general attitude towards Russia now?' with a 4-point scale from 'very good' to 'very bad.' To gain a deeper understanding of the situation, every few years the surveys also included additional questions about attitudes towards Russians (residents of Russia) and the Russian leadership. Each survey wave in Ukraine was carried out on a sample representative of Ukraine's adult population (aged 18 and older), with an average sample size of about 2,000 respondents. The merged dataset contains data from 49 waves of the survey conducted in Ukraine from 2008 to 2022 with a total of 98,575 respondents. The background information includes respondents' socio-demographic profiles (gender, age, education, nationality, occupation, self-assessment of financial situation) and place of residence (oblast, type of settlement). These data enable tracking Ukrainian public opinion regarding Russia for the period of 14 years, from 2008 to 2022, both among the population as a whole and among its different subpopulations. This monitoring of public opinion in Ukraine on Russia is a part of a joint project with the Levada Center, which simultaneously tracked public opinion in Russia on Ukraine, using the same question wording. However, only the data from the polls conducted in Ukraine are presented in this data collection.

Context

The Russian invasion of Ukraine started on February 24, 2022. Attacks by Russian forces were reported in major cities across Ukraine, including Berdyansk, Chernihiv, Kharkiv, Odesa, Sumy, and the capital Kyiv. Western officials claimed that by scope, the war could be the largest in Europe since 1945. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) verified over 5.7 thousand deaths of civilians in Ukraine during the war as of September 2022.

The invasion caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II, with over 7.2 million Ukrainians fleeing the country and a third of the population displaced. The refugees of the war mostly fled to the neighboring countries of Ukraine located in Central and Eastern Europe, prominently the nations of Poland, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Belarus, Republic of Moldova and Russia as well. With the situation in the regions of Ukraine changing, it is important to keep a general record regarding where the refugees are located, to provide better assistance to them and the concerned authorities.

About the dataset

This dataset contains information about the number of Ukrainian refugees that a neighboring country is housing at different points in time, starting from early March. The countries that mostly feature in the data are obviously the ones mentioned before that share borders with the nation of Ukraine. Each record mentions the country, the date of recording, the number of refugees in that country, and geospatial data of the particular region which could help in some useful geographical analysis. The consecutive entries for one country seem to be not more than a week apart at any given time. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and local governments are the main sources.

This file was extracted using an API about war data from RapidAPI. I will also provide regular updates to this dataset whenever I find any. I am still new to this technique of extraction so any feedback would be highly appreciated.

Inspiration

The war has inflicted large scale damage on many different communities and I believe the data science community has the knowledge and resources of providing help. I believe all data enthusiasts learn about data science to help in solving real world problems that society faces and providing aid during times of humanitarian crises would be influential work of the highest order.

Visit this link if you wish to donate or provide other support to the efforts in Ukraine: https://stand-with-ukraine.pp.ua/

Russia RU: Total Population data was reported at 145,845.591 Person th in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 146,459.802 Person th for 2020. Russia RU: Total Population data is updated yearly, averaging 145,976.470 Person th from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 148,538.190 Person th in 1992 and a record low of 139,221.500 Person th in 1981. Russia RU: Total Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Population, Labour Force and Employment: Non OECD Member: Annual.

In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.

The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.

Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.

New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.

KIIS monitors the geopolitical preferences of the Ukrainian population by asking respondents about their readiness to act in a certain way (vote for, against, or not to participate in the vote) in a hypothetical situation, namely, if a referendum on Ukraine's accession to the European Union, NATO, the Union with Russia and Belarus, or the Customs Union (with Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan) were held now. In addition to these questions, some polls also ask respondents which direction of foreign policy they consider more preferable, with the options "accession to the European Union", "accession to the Customs Union of Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan" and "not joining either the European Union or the Customs Union". This wording of the question enables evaluating the broader attitudes of the population regarding the geopolitical direction without requiring a definitive choice (such as voting for or against a specific option). Each survey wave was carried out on a sample representative of Ukraine's adult population (aged 18 and older), with an average sample size of about 2,000 respondents. In order to facilitate the analysis, the data collected for the period 2005-2022 was combined into one data set, including 31 polls with a total of 62,911 respondents. The background information includes respondents' socio-demographic profiles (gender, age, education, nationality, occupation, self-assessment of financial situation) and place of residence (oblast, type of settlement). These data enable tracking Ukrainian public opinion on the desired course of the Ukraine's foreign policy for the period of 17 years, from 2005 to 2022, both among the population as a whole and among its different subpopulations.

In December 2021 and early February 2022, KIIS included the following question in its public opinion polls with the aim of assessing the population's readiness to resist a potential Russian invasion: 'In the event of an armed intervention by Russia in your city or village, would you take any action, and if so, which ones?' The response options included: 'Resist with arms,' 'Resist by participating in civil resistance actions such as demonstrations, protests, marches, boycotts, strikes, civil disobedience,' 'Move to a safer region of Ukraine,' 'Move abroad,' and 'Do nothing.' Each of these two polls was conducted with a sample that is representative of the adult population (aged 18 and older) of Ukraine, comprising approximately 2000 respondents. The background information includes respondents' socio-demographic profiles (gender, age, education, nationality, occupation, self-assessment of financial situation) and place of residence (oblast, type of settlement). These data enable the assessment of Ukrainians' willingness to resist Russian intervention on the eve of a full-scale invasion. Consistency in methodology and question wording across the surveys allows to track the dynamics of attitudes from the end of 2021 to just before the invasion in February 2022.

Conducting social science research during an active war raises distinct challenges. To investigate the relationship between both coverage and social desirability bias, we carry out a multi-mode study (web, telephone) with two independently drawn samples of the Ukrainian population during Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in the summer of 2022. We employ identical demographic and behavioral questions in both surveys and pre-register a framing experiment to investigate reported differences in volunteering activities between modes. Observationally, we find that because web studies cannot reach the oldest and most rural Ukrainians, they likely contain much more significant coverage bias with respect to war-related demographic variables compared to the telephone sample. Experimentally, consistent with other studies that report greater social desirability bias in interviewer-mediated models, we find evidence of inflation in reporting volunteering activities only in the telephone survey. Our results demonstrate that, given modern survey techniques, wartime attitudes and behavior in Ukraine can be reliably measured, but there is a trade-off in survey modes between coverage bias and social desirability bias.

EUROPOP2023 are the latest Eurostat long-term population projections produced at national level for 30 countries: all 27 European Union (EU) Member States and three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries (Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland), covering the time horizon from 2022 to 2100. Population projections are 'what-if scenario' that aim to show the hypothetically developments of the population size and structure based on a set of assumptions regarding fertility, mortality, and net migration. They are presented for a long time period that covers more than a half-century (50 years).

The datasets consist of the baseline population projections and five sensitivity tests, which are described as follows:

• no migration – it is assumed that net migration is zero for each year within the 2023-2100 time horizon;
• lower migration – it is assumed that the net migration is lower due to a 33% reduction in non-EU immigration flows for each year within the 2023-2100 time horizon;
• higher migration – it is assumed that the net migration is higher due to a 33% increase in non-EU immigration flows for each year within the 2023-2100 time horizon;
• lower fertility – it is assumed that the fertility rates are lower 20% than the baseline assumptions for each year within the 2023-2100 time horizon;
• lower mortality – it is assumed that the mortality rates are lower resulting in an increase of approximately two years in life expectancy at birth by 2070 compared to the baseline assumptions.

In each sensitivity test, the assumptions for the year 2022 were maintained as in the baseline projections. This is because, for that year, there is a combination of observed data (i.e. beneficiaries on temporary protections at the end of December 2022), information from the national authorities, and forecasting.

Data are available by single-year time interval, as detailed below:

• Projected population on 1 January by age and sex;
• Assumptions on future age-specific fertility rates, age-specific mortality rates and net migration levels;
• Projected life expectancy by age (in completed years) and sex.

Additionally, the demographic balances and indicators are available for the baseline projections and each of the five sensitive variants, including also:

• Total numbers of the projected live births and deaths;
• Projected population structure indicators including proportions of broad age groups in total population, age dependency ratios and median ages of the population (for each sex component).

STP2024 are the short-term population projections covering the time horizon from 2023 to 2050, and produced at national level for 30 countries: all 27 European Union (EU) Member States and three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries (Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland). Similar to long-term projections, these are 'what-if scenario' that aim to show the hypothetically developments of the population size and structure based on a set of assumptions regarding fertility, mortality and net migration. The latest demographic data published on Eurostat website, as of 06 September 2024, were used as input in building the assumptions, thereby including the published post-2021 census revisions and data related to the temporary protection granted to persons displaced from Ukraine due to Russia's invasion.

The dataset (proj_stp24) includes data by single-year time interval for two types of projections:

• Baseline projections:
  • Projected total population on 1 January, the working-age population (defined as persons aged from 15 to 74), and its share in the total population;
  • Assumptions on total fertility rates, life expectancy at birth by sex, and total net migration levels;
  • Total numbers of projected live births and deaths.

• No migration sensitivity test – it is assumed that the net migration is zero for each year within the 2024-2050 time horizon.
  • Projected total population on 1 January, the working-age population (defined as persons aged from 15to 74), and its share in the total population;
  • The 2023 net migration levels remain the same as in the baseline projections to reflect the nowcast data;
  • Total numbers of projected live births and deaths.

STP2025 are the latest short-term population projections covering the time horizon from 2024 to 2050, produced at national level for 30 countries: all 27 European Union (EU) Member States and three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries (Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland). Similar to long-term projections, these are 'what-if scenario' that aim to show the hypothetically developments of the population size and structure based on a set of assumptions regarding fertility, mortality, and net migration. The latest demographic data published on Eurostat website as of 15 May 2025, were used as input in building the assumptions, thereby including the published post-2021 census revisions and data related to temporary protection granted to persons displaced from Ukraine due to Russia's invasion.

The dataset (proj_stp25) includes data by single-year time interval for two types of projections:

• Baseline projections:
  • Projected total population on 1 January, working-age population (15-74 years) and its share in the total population;
  • Assumptions on total fertility rates, life expectancy at birth by sex, and total net migration levels;
  • Total numbers of projected live births and deaths.

• No migration sensitivity test – it is assumed that the net migration is zero in each year of the 2025-2050 time horizon.
  • Projected total population on 1 January, working-age population (15-74 years) and its share in the total population;
  • The 2024 net migration levels remain as in the baseline projections to reflect the nowcast data;
  • Total numbers of projected live births and deaths.

Russia RU: Total Employment data was reported at 70,601.000 Person th in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 71,933.000 Person th for 2019. Russia RU: Total Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 70,601.000 Person th from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2020, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 72,532.000 Person th in 2018 and a record low of 58,464.000 Person th in 1998. Russia RU: Total Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Population, Labour Force and Employment: Non OECD Member: Annual.

In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.

The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.

Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.

New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.

Russia RU: Labour Fource data was reported at 74,943.094 Person th in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 75,374.582 Person th for 2019. Russia RU: Labour Fource data is updated yearly, averaging 74,943.094 Person th from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2020, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 76,586.565 Person th in 2016 and a record low of 67,402.224 Person th in 1998. Russia RU: Labour Fource data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Population, Labour Force and Employment: Non OECD Member: Annual. In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database, while previously compiled data are still available.The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.

EUROPOP2023 are the latest Eurostat long-term population projections produced at national level for 30 countries: all 27 European Union (EU) Member States and three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries (Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland), covering the time horizon from 2022 to 2100. Population projections are 'what-if scenario' that aim to show the hypothetically developments of the population size and structure based on a set of assumptions regarding fertility, mortality, and net migration. They are presented for a long time period that covers more than a half-century (50 years).

The datasets consist of the baseline population projections and five sensitivity tests, which are described as follows:

• no migration – it is assumed that net migration is zero for each year within the 2023-2100 time horizon;
• lower migration – it is assumed that the net migration is lower due to a 33% reduction in non-EU immigration flows for each year within the 2023-2100 time horizon;
• higher migration – it is assumed that the net migration is higher due to a 33% increase in non-EU immigration flows for each year within the 2023-2100 time horizon;
• lower fertility – it is assumed that the fertility rates are lower 20% than the baseline assumptions for each year within the 2023-2100 time horizon;
• lower mortality – it is assumed that the mortality rates are lower resulting in an increase of approximately two years in life expectancy at birth by 2070 compared to the baseline assumptions.

In each sensitivity test, the assumptions for the year 2022 were maintained as in the baseline projections. This is because, for that year, there is a combination of observed data (i.e. beneficiaries on temporary protections at the end of December 2022), information from the national authorities, and forecasting.

Data are available by single-year time interval, as detailed below:

• Projected population on 1 January by age and sex;
• Assumptions on future age-specific fertility rates, age-specific mortality rates and net migration levels;
• Projected life expectancy by age (in completed years) and sex.

Additionally, the demographic balances and indicators are available for the baseline projections and each of the five sensitive variants, including also:

• Total numbers of the projected live births and deaths;
• Projected population structure indicators including proportions of broad age groups in total population, age dependency ratios and median ages of the population (for each sex component).

STP2024 are the short-term population projections covering the time horizon from 2023 to 2050, and produced at national level for 30 countries: all 27 European Union (EU) Member States and three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries (Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland). Similar to long-term projections, these are 'what-if scenario' that aim to show the hypothetically developments of the population size and structure based on a set of assumptions regarding fertility, mortality and net migration. The latest demographic data published on Eurostat website, as of 06 September 2024, were used as input in building the assumptions, thereby including the published post-2021 census revisions and data related to the temporary protection granted to persons displaced from Ukraine due to Russia's invasion.

The dataset (proj_stp24) includes data by single-year time interval for two types of projections:

• Baseline projections:
  • Projected total population on 1 January, the working-age population (defined as persons aged from 15 to 74), and its share in the total population;
  • Assumptions on total fertility rates, life expectancy at birth by sex, and total net migration levels;
  • Total numbers of projected live births and deaths.

• No migration sensitivity test – it is assumed that the net migration is zero for each year within the 2024-2050 time horizon.
  • Projected total population on 1 January, the working-age population (defined as persons aged from 15to 74), and its share in the total population;
  • The 2023 net migration levels remain the same as in the baseline projections to reflect the nowcast data;
  • Total numbers of projected live births and deaths.

STP2025 are the latest short-term population projections covering the time horizon from 2024 to 2050, produced at national level for 30 countries: all 27 European Union (EU) Member States and three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries (Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland). Similar to long-term projections, these are 'what-if scenario' that aim to show the hypothetically developments of the population size and structure based on a set of assumptions regarding fertility, mortality, and net migration. The latest demographic data published on Eurostat website as of 15 May 2025, were used as input in building the assumptions, thereby including the published post-2021 census revisions and data related to temporary protection granted to persons displaced from Ukraine due to Russia's invasion.

The dataset (proj_stp25) includes data by single-year time interval for two types of projections:

• Baseline projections:
  • Projected total population on 1 January, working-age population (15-74 years) and its share in the total population;
  • Assumptions on total fertility rates, life expectancy at birth by sex, and total net migration levels;
  • Total numbers of projected live births and deaths.

• No migration sensitivity test – it is assumed that the net migration is zero in each year of the 2025-2050 time horizon.
  • Projected total population on 1 January, working-age population (15-74 years) and its share in the total population;
  • The 2024 net migration levels remain as in the baseline projections to reflect the nowcast data;
  • Total numbers of projected live births and deaths.

Special research wave of the research series "How are you, Slovakia?" was a reaction to the attack of the Russian Federation troops on Ukraine and was fielded between 25 February and 1 March 2022. The war in Ukraine began in the early hours of 24 February with the invasion of Russian troops into Ukraine. Since the beginning of the invasion, attacks on military and non-military targets and civilian casualties have been reported. Most of the Western world, as well as the European Union, has condemned the Russian aggression and imposed tough economic sanctions. Thousands of war refugees began to arrive in Slovakia from the territory of Ukraine. The survey monitors respondents' fears of war, willingness to help refugees, and preferred response to the attack on Ukraine. It also ascertains respondents' geopolitical orientation, views on responsibility for the war conflict, and attitudes toward NATO. The survey is the first special research wave within “How Are You, Slovakia?” and was conducted in parallel with the thirteenth regular research wave of the “How Are You, Slovakia?” survey series. How are you, Slovakia? Online interviews - CAWI Adult inhabitants of Slovakia (18+) with access to the internet The survey used a quota sample from the MNFORCE online panel. The sample was designed as representative for the following socio-demographic variables: gender, age, county (kraj), size of settlement and education of respondent. Only population with access to the internet is covered by the survey. This means that mostly older persons without internet access are missing from the sample.

Russia RU: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data was reported at 327.422 % in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 311.294 % for 2019. Russia RU: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 159.999 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2020, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 327.422 % in 2020 and a record low of 47.740 % in 1995. Russia RU: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.

In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.

The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.

Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.

New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.

EUROPOP2023 are the latest Eurostat long-term population projections produced at national level for 30 countries: all 27 European Union (EU) Member States and three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries (Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland), covering the time horizon from 2022 to 2100. Population projections are 'what-if scenario' that aim to show the hypothetically developments of the population size and structure based on a set of assumptions regarding fertility, mortality, and net migration. They are presented for a long time period that covers more than a half-century (50 years).

The datasets consist of the baseline population projections and five sensitivity tests, which are described as follows:

• no migration – it is assumed that net migration is zero for each year within the 2023-2100 time horizon;
• lower migration – it is assumed that the net migration is lower due to a 33% reduction in non-EU immigration flows for each year within the 2023-2100 time horizon;
• higher migration – it is assumed that the net migration is higher due to a 33% increase in non-EU immigration flows for each year within the 2023-2100 time horizon;
• lower fertility – it is assumed that the fertility rates are lower 20% than the baseline assumptions for each year within the 2023-2100 time horizon;
• lower mortality – it is assumed that the mortality rates are lower resulting in an increase of approximately two years in life expectancy at birth by 2070 compared to the baseline assumptions.

In each sensitivity test, the assumptions for the year 2022 were maintained as in the baseline projections. This is because, for that year, there is a combination of observed data (i.e. beneficiaries on temporary protections at the end of December 2022), information from the national authorities, and forecasting.

Data are available by single-year time interval, as detailed below:

• Projected population on 1 January by age and sex;
• Assumptions on future age-specific fertility rates, age-specific mortality rates and net migration levels;
• Projected life expectancy by age (in completed years) and sex.

Additionally, the demographic balances and indicators are available for the baseline projections and each of the five sensitive variants, including also:

• Total numbers of the projected live births and deaths;
• Projected population structure indicators including proportions of broad age groups in total population, age dependency ratios and median ages of the population (for each sex component).

STP2024 are the short-term population projections covering the time horizon from 2023 to 2050, and produced at national level for 30 countries: all 27 European Union (EU) Member States and three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries (Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland). Similar to long-term projections, these are 'what-if scenario' that aim to show the hypothetically developments of the population size and structure based on a set of assumptions regarding fertility, mortality and net migration. The latest demographic data published on Eurostat website, as of 06 September 2024, were used as input in building the assumptions, thereby including the published post-2021 census revisions and data related to the temporary protection granted to persons displaced from Ukraine due to Russia's invasion.

The dataset (proj_stp24) includes data by single-year time interval for two types of projections:

• Baseline projections:
  • Projected total population on 1 January, the working-age population (defined as persons aged from 15 to 74), and its share in the total population;
  • Assumptions on total fertility rates, life expectancy at birth by sex, and total net migration levels;
  • Total numbers of projected live births and deaths.

• No migration sensitivity test – it is assumed that the net migration is zero for each year within the 2024-2050 time horizon.
  • Projected total population on 1 January, the working-age population (defined as persons aged from 15to 74), and its share in the total population;
  • The 2023 net migration levels remain the same as in the baseline projections to reflect the nowcast data;
  • Total numbers of projected live births and deaths.

STP2025 are the latest short-term population projections covering the time horizon from 2024 to 2050, produced at national level for 30 countries: all 27 European Union (EU) Member States and three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries (Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland). Similar to long-term projections, these are 'what-if scenario' that aim to show the hypothetically developments of the population size and structure based on a set of assumptions regarding fertility, mortality, and net migration. The latest demographic data published on Eurostat website as of 15 May 2025, were used as input in building the assumptions, thereby including the published post-2021 census revisions and data related to temporary protection granted to persons displaced from Ukraine due to Russia's invasion.

The dataset (proj_stp25) includes data by single-year time interval for two types of projections:

• Baseline projections:
  • Projected total population on 1 January, working-age population (15-74 years) and its share in the total population;
  • Assumptions on total fertility rates, life expectancy at birth by sex, and total net migration levels;
  • Total numbers of projected live births and deaths.

• No migration sensitivity test – it is assumed that the net migration is zero in each year of the 2025-2050 time horizon.
  • Projected total population on 1 January, working-age population (15-74 years) and its share in the total population;
  • The 2024 net migration levels remain as in the baseline projections to reflect the nowcast data;
  • Total numbers of projected live births and deaths.

The survey monitors respondents' attitudes towards the war in Ukraine and the reception of refugees from Ukraine, as well as geopolitical orientations and attitudes towards NATO. The survey also includes questions on political preferences, interest in politics, trust in institutions and overall concerns. The survey also ascertains religiosity, preferred sources of information, attitudes towards the European Union Recovery Instrument and the safety of nuclear power plants. At the time of data collection, the war in Ukraine, which began in February 2022 with the invasion of Russian troops, was ongoing. There were discussions about the adoption of further sanctions against the Russian Federation, rising energy and commodity prices, and staff shortages in Slovak ambulances and hospitals. The survey is the fifteenth in the How are you, Slovakia?survey series. How Are You, Slovakia? Online interviews - CAWI Adult inhabitants of Slovakia (18+) with access to the internet The survey used a quota sample from the MNFORCE online panel. The sample was designed as representative for the following socio-demographic variables: gender, age, county (kraj), size of settlement and education of respondent. Only population with access to the internet is covered by the survey. This means that mostly older persons without internet access are missing from the sample.

EUROPOP2023 are the latest Eurostat long-term population projections produced at national level for 30 countries: all 27 European Union (EU) Member States and three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries (Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland), covering the time horizon from 2022 to 2100. Population projections are 'what-if scenario' that aim to show the hypothetically developments of the population size and structure based on a set of assumptions regarding fertility, mortality, and net migration. They are presented for a long time period that covers more than a half-century (50 years).

The datasets consist of the baseline population projections and five sensitivity tests, which are described as follows:

• no migration – it is assumed that net migration is zero for each year within the 2023-2100 time horizon;
• lower migration – it is assumed that the net migration is lower due to a 33% reduction in non-EU immigration flows for each year within the 2023-2100 time horizon;
• higher migration – it is assumed that the net migration is higher due to a 33% increase in non-EU immigration flows for each year within the 2023-2100 time horizon;
• lower fertility – it is assumed that the fertility rates are lower 20% than the baseline assumptions for each year within the 2023-2100 time horizon;
• lower mortality – it is assumed that the mortality rates are lower resulting in an increase of approximately two years in life expectancy at birth by 2070 compared to the baseline assumptions.

In each sensitivity test, the assumptions for the year 2022 were maintained as in the baseline projections. This is because, for that year, there is a combination of observed data (i.e. beneficiaries on temporary protections at the end of December 2022), information from the national authorities, and forecasting.

Data are available by single-year time interval, as detailed below:

• Projected population on 1 January by age and sex;
• Assumptions on future age-specific fertility rates, age-specific mortality rates and net migration levels;
• Projected life expectancy by age (in completed years) and sex.

Additionally, the demographic balances and indicators are available for the baseline projections and each of the five sensitive variants, including also:

• Total numbers of the projected live births and deaths;
• Projected population structure indicators including proportions of broad age groups in total population, age dependency ratios and median ages of the population (for each sex component).

STP2024 are the short-term population projections covering the time horizon from 2023 to 2050, and produced at national level for 30 countries: all 27 European Union (EU) Member States and three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries (Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland). Similar to long-term projections, these are 'what-if scenario' that aim to show the hypothetically developments of the population size and structure based on a set of assumptions regarding fertility, mortality and net migration. The latest demographic data published on Eurostat website, as of 06 September 2024, were used as input in building the assumptions, thereby including the published post-2021 census revisions and data related to the temporary protection granted to persons displaced from Ukraine due to Russia's invasion.

The dataset (proj_stp24) includes data by single-year time interval for two types of projections:

• Baseline projections:
  • Projected total population on 1 January, the working-age population (defined as persons aged from 15 to 74), and its share in the total population;
  • Assumptions on total fertility rates, life expectancy at birth by sex, and total net migration levels;
  • Total numbers of projected live births and deaths.

• No migration sensitivity test – it is assumed that the net migration is zero for each year within the 2024-2050 time horizon.
  • Projected total population on 1 January, the working-age population (defined as persons aged from 15to 74), and its share in the total population;
  • The 2023 net migration levels remain the same as in the baseline projections to reflect the nowcast data;
  • Total numbers of projected live births and deaths.

STP2025 are the latest short-term population projections covering the time horizon from 2024 to 2050, produced at national level for 30 countries: all 27 European Union (EU) Member States and three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries (Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland). Similar to long-term projections, these are 'what-if scenario' that aim to show the hypothetically developments of the population size and structure based on a set of assumptions regarding fertility, mortality, and net migration. The latest demographic data published on Eurostat website as of 15 May 2025, were used as input in building the assumptions, thereby including the published post-2021 census revisions and data related to temporary protection granted to persons displaced from Ukraine due to Russia's invasion.

The dataset (proj_stp25) includes data by single-year time interval for two types of projections:

• Baseline projections:
  • Projected total population on 1 January, working-age population (15-74 years) and its share in the total population;
  • Assumptions on total fertility rates, life expectancy at birth by sex, and total net migration levels;
  • Total numbers of projected live births and deaths.

• No migration sensitivity test – it is assumed that the net migration is zero in each year of the 2025-2050 time horizon.
  • Projected total population on 1 January, working-age population (15-74 years) and its share in the total population;
  • The 2024 net migration levels remain as in the baseline projections to reflect the nowcast data;
  • Total numbers of projected live births and deaths.

EUROPOP2023 are the latest Eurostat long-term population projections produced at national level for 30 countries: all 27 European Union (EU) Member States and three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries (Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland), covering the time horizon from 2022 to 2100. Population projections are 'what-if scenario' that aim to show the hypothetically developments of the population size and structure based on a set of assumptions regarding fertility, mortality, and net migration. They are presented for a long time period that covers more than a half-century (50 years).

The datasets consist of the baseline population projections and five sensitivity tests, which are described as follows:

• no migration – it is assumed that net migration is zero for each year within the 2023-2100 time horizon;
• lower migration – it is assumed that the net migration is lower due to a 33% reduction in non-EU immigration flows for each year within the 2023-2100 time horizon;
• higher migration – it is assumed that the net migration is higher due to a 33% increase in non-EU immigration flows for each year within the 2023-2100 time horizon;
• lower fertility – it is assumed that the fertility rates are lower 20% than the baseline assumptions for each year within the 2023-2100 time horizon;
• lower mortality – it is assumed that the mortality rates are lower resulting in an increase of approximately two years in life expectancy at birth by 2070 compared to the baseline assumptions.

In each sensitivity test, the assumptions for the year 2022 were maintained as in the baseline projections. This is because, for that year, there is a combination of observed data (i.e. beneficiaries on temporary protections at the end of December 2022), information from the national authorities, and forecasting.

Data are available by single-year time interval, as detailed below:

• Projected population on 1 January by age and sex;
• Assumptions on future age-specific fertility rates, age-specific mortality rates and net migration levels;
• Projected life expectancy by age (in completed years) and sex.

Additionally, the demographic balances and indicators are available for the baseline projections and each of the five sensitive variants, including also:

• Total numbers of the projected live births and deaths;
• Projected population structure indicators including proportions of broad age groups in total population, age dependency ratios and median ages of the population (for each sex component).

STP2024 are the short-term population projections covering the time horizon from 2023 to 2050, and produced at national level for 30 countries: all 27 European Union (EU) Member States and three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries (Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland). Similar to long-term projections, these are 'what-if scenario' that aim to show the hypothetically developments of the population size and structure based on a set of assumptions regarding fertility, mortality and net migration. The latest demographic data published on Eurostat website, as of 06 September 2024, were used as input in building the assumptions, thereby including the published post-2021 census revisions and data related to the temporary protection granted to persons displaced from Ukraine due to Russia's invasion.

The dataset (proj_stp24) includes data by single-year time interval for two types of projections:

• Baseline projections:
  • Projected total population on 1 January, the working-age population (defined as persons aged from 15 to 74), and its share in the total population;
  • Assumptions on total fertility rates, life expectancy at birth by sex, and total net migration levels;
  • Total numbers of projected live births and deaths.

• No migration sensitivity test – it is assumed that the net migration is zero for each year within the 2024-2050 time horizon.
  • Projected total population on 1 January, the working-age population (defined as persons aged from 15to 74), and its share in the total population;
  • The 2023 net migration levels remain the same as in the baseline projections to reflect the nowcast data;
  • Total numbers of projected live births and deaths.

STP2025 are the latest short-term population projections covering the time horizon from 2024 to 2050, produced at national level for 30 countries: all 27 European Union (EU) Member States and three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries (Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland). Similar to long-term projections, these are 'what-if scenario' that aim to show the hypothetically developments of the population size and structure based on a set of assumptions regarding fertility, mortality, and net migration. The latest demographic data published on Eurostat website as of 15 May 2025, were used as input in building the assumptions, thereby including the published post-2021 census revisions and data related to temporary protection granted to persons displaced from Ukraine due to Russia's invasion.

The dataset (proj_stp25) includes data by single-year time interval for two types of projections:

• Baseline projections:
  • Projected total population on 1 January, working-age population (15-74 years) and its share in the total population;
  • Assumptions on total fertility rates, life expectancy at birth by sex, and total net migration levels;
  • Total numbers of projected live births and deaths.

• No migration sensitivity test – it is assumed that the net migration is zero in each year of the 2025-2050 time horizon.
  • Projected total population on 1 January, working-age population (15-74 years) and its share in the total population;
  • The 2024 net migration levels remain as in the baseline projections to reflect the nowcast data;
  • Total numbers of projected live births and deaths.

Der Krisenmonitor wird vom Meinungsforschungsinstitut forsa im Auftrag des Presse- und Informationsamtes der Bundesregierung seit Kalenderwoche 1/2023 regelmäßig durchgeführt. Der Krisenmonitor ist die Fortsetzung der im Zeitraum von Kalenderwoche 13/2022 bis 50/2022 regelmäßig von forsa durchgeführten repräsentativen Bevölkerungsbefragungen Trendfragen Ukraine zum Thema Deutschland und der Ukraine-Krieg. Die einzelnen Fragengebiete wurden je nach Befragungszeitraum angepasst. Im Erhebungszeitraum 05.06.2023 bis 07.06.2023 wurde die deutschsprachige Wohnbevölkerung ab 14 Jahren in telefonischen Interviews (CATI) befragt. Die Auswahl der Befragten erfolgte durch eine mehrstufige Zufallsstichprobe. Stärke der persönlichen Belastung durch die aktuelle Situation rund um die derzeitigen Krisen in Deutschland; Stärke der persönlichen Belastung durch den Krieg in der Ukraine und die darüber wahrgenommenen Medieninhalte; größte Verantwortung für den Konflikt zwischen der Ukraine und Russland (Russland, Ukraine, USA, NATO, alle gleichermaßen); Meinung zum Streitmaß in wichtigen politischen Fragen (es wird zu viel, zu wenig oder gerade richtig gestritten); empfundene Entlastung des eigenen Haushalts durch die Entlastungsmaßnahmen der Bundesregierung (spürbar, kaum oder gar nicht entlastet; Split: deutlich, etwas, kaum oder gar nicht entlastet); Wichtigkeit weiterer Entlastungen des eigenen Haushalts durch den Staat. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter (gruppiert); Erwerbstätigkeit; Bildung; Parteipräferenz bei der nächsten Bundestagswahl; Wahlverhalten bei der letzten Bundestagswahl; allgemeine Einschätzung des Einkommens (niedrig, mittel, hoch). Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Region; Bundesland; Gewichtungsfaktor. The Crisis Monitor has been conducted regularly by the opinion research institute forsa on behalf of the Press and Information Office of the German Federal Government since calendar week 1/2023. The Crisis Monitor is a continuation of the representative population surveys Trendquestions Ukraine on the topic of Germany and the Ukraine war conducted regularly by forsa in the period from calendar week 13/2022 to 50/2022. The individual question areas were adjusted depending on the survey period. In the survey period from 05.06.2023 to 07.06.2023, the German-speaking resident population aged 14 and older was surveyed in telephone interviews (CATI). Respondents were selected using a multistage random sample. Level of personal burden caused by the current situation surrounding the current crises in Germany; level of personal burden caused by the war in Ukraine and the media content perceived about it; greatest responsibility for the conflict between Ukraine and Russia (Russia, Ukraine, USA, NATO, all equally); opinion on the level of dispute on important political issues (there is too much, too little or just the right amount of dispute); perceived relief for one´s own household from the federal government´s relief measures (noticeably, hardly or not at all relieved; split: noticeably, somewhat, hardly or not at all relieved); importance of further relief of the own household by the government. Demography: sex; age (grouped); employment; education; party preference in the next federal election; voting behaviour in the last federal election; general assessment of income (low, medium, high). Additionally coded were: Region; federal state; weighting factor. Telephone interview: CATI Deutschsprachige Wohnbevölkerung ab 14 Jahren German-speaking resident population aged 14 and over