Chart and table of Ukraine population from 1950 to 2025. United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100.

In 2022, the population in Poland increased significantly after Ukrainian refugees arrived. As of April 1, Rzeszów had the highest population growth of 39 percent. Gdansk and Wroclaw followed with a 28 percent increase in population.

As of January 1, 2022, the number of people younger than 18 years in Ukraine was approximately 7.3 million. The adult population aged 18 years and older amounted to 33.6 million, representing around 82 percent of total inhabitants. Over 10 million people, or 24 percent of all residents, were aged 60 years and older.

What is the population of Ukraine?

Ukraine is the eighth most populated country in Europe, ranking between Poland and Romania by the number of inhabitants. In 2023, an estimated 32 million people resided in Ukraine, down approximately nine million from two years prior. The population size has decreased significantly during the Russian invasion, as millions of refugees fled to other countries.

Demographics of Ukraine

The number of women in Ukraine exceeded that of men by approximately three million as of January 1, 2022. At that point, the country’s male population stood at approximately 19 million. Over the past two decades, it decreased by over three million. The majority, or seven out of ten Ukrainian residents, lived in cities. Both the urban and rural population saw a decline in the past 20 years.

This forecast is an approximate estimate of Ukraine’s future population.

It is based on the estimate by the Institute for Demography and Quality of Life Issues of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine of the country’s population as of January 1, 2022, within the 1991 borders.

The forecast is built on expert assessments by specialists from the Institute for Demography and Quality of Life Issues of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine regarding changes in birth rates, life expectancy, and population migration. These expert assessments are based on data from the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on registered births and deaths, as well as migration data from the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine and international organizations.

The forecast was developed under the assumption that the Russian-Ukrainian war will end in 2026. It is conducted within the 1991 borders of Ukraine. The time period of the dataset covers January 1, 2022, to January 1, 2040.

The forecast is of a recommendatory nature and serves as a basis for developing state strategies and programs aimed at stabilizing the demographic situation.

In 2022, the refugee population in Europe increased by more than 75 percent. This is mainly because of the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war. Moreover, the increase in the refugee population in Asia and the Pacific was over 60 percent as uncounted Afghan refugees in Iran and Pakistan were reported.

This dataset is a product generated to track the change of migrant numbers from Ukraine since the war began in 2023-02-05.This data provides the percent change of population detected from Facebook users compared to a pre-war baseline for the same administrative unit. For more information about the Facebook data, please refer to the Population Maps page from Data for Good at Meta.How was the pre-event baseline calculated?The pre-war baseline was calculated as an average over a 90-day time window prior to the earthquake event (2023-02-05).Key metricsPercent change between current and baseline. Change in percentage between the trackable population by Facebook of the current date and the baseline period.Baseline FB users. Anonymized and aggregated Facebook users that are trackable (consent to be included in the dataset) of 90 days before the event.

This graph shows the total population of the Russian Partition, sometimes known as Russian Poland, between the years 1815 and 1897. In the late eighteenth century the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth entered a period of political, military and economic decline and was its territories were then split between Austria, Prussia and Russia, and there was no official Polish state until 1918. The Russian Partition covered some of modern-day Poland, as well as much of Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania and Latvia, and the number of ethnic Poles in these regions was much higher than it is today.

From the graph we can see that the population of this area was 2.6 million people in 1815, and it grew to be just under 9.5 million before the turn of the next century. This proved to be a tumultuous period in the region's history, including some rebellions and uprisings, and harsh Russification policies that made life difficult for the natives. Despite this turmoil, it is difficult to assess its impact on the local populations. We can see that growth in the 1850s and 1860s was stagnant and the population even dropped during this time, although there is no clear explanation for this today. Poland eventually became an independent state again in 1918 after the First World War, although the period after this would prove to be the most devastating in Poland's history.

In all age groups until 29 years old, there were more men than women in Russia as of January 1, 2024. After that age, the female population outnumbered the male population in each category. The most represented age group in the country was from 35 to 39 years old, with approximately 6.5 million women and 6.3 million men. Male-to-female ratio in Russia The number of men in Russia was historically lower than the number of women, which was a result of population losses during World War I and World War II. In 1950, in the age category from 25 to 29 years, 68 men were recorded per 100 women in the Soviet Union. In today’s Russia, the female-to-male ratio in the same age group reached 976 women per 1,000 men. Russia has the highest life expectancy gender gap The World Health Organization estimated the average life expectancy of women across the world at over five years longer than men. In Russia, this gap between genders exceeded 10 years. According to the study “Burden of disease in Russia, 1980-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016,” Russia had the highest gender difference in life expectancy worldwide.

The gap between the number of women and men in Russia was measured at 10.26 million as of January 1, 2023, with the female population of the country historically outnumbering the male population. Both genders saw an increase in inhabitants compared to the previous year.

Why are there more women than men in Russia?

One of the factors explaining gender imbalance in modern Russia is the gap in average life expectancy between genders. In 2021, Russian women outlived men by close to 10 years. In particular, working-age men were six times more likely to die from external causes of death, such as accidents and suicides, compared to working age women in that year. Furthermore, partial mobilization announced as a result of the Russia-Ukraine war resulted in a mass exodus of young men fleeing from conscription. In response to the government’s call to recruit up to 300,000 reservists in end-September 2022, Google search interest in the term "How to leave Russia" increased sharply.

Gender imbalance and its consequences for Russia

In Russia, the labor market remains highly segregated by gender. Manual jobs in equipment operation, metal industry, manufacturing, and mechanics are male dominated, with over 10 million Russian men employed in those sectors combined as of 2022. The labor shortage in those spheres could limit the country’s potential for increased industrial production. Furthermore, fewer men exacerbate the issue of falling births in Russia. In 2021, only 1.4 million births were recorded nationwide, the lowest over the past decade. Coupled with a decreasing number of working-age men, such decline in live births could lead to less innovation, a larger share of retired people, and rising government expenditure on pensions and healthcare.

Over the past decade, the Danish population gradually grew older. While there were around 230,000 inhabitants aged 80 years or older in 2014, this group counted over 320,000 people at the beginning of 2023. The largest age group, however, were Danes between 20 and 39 years of age, counting over 1.55 million people that year. Growing population The Danish population has constantly grown since 2000, almost reaching six million in 2024. This is explained by a higher number of people born than deceasing, and a higher number of immigrants than emigrants. In 2023, however, more people deceased than babies born. Eastern Europeans make up largest immigrant group The over 600,000 inhabitants in Denmark with a foreign citizenship underline the increasing role migrants play in Danish society. Many of these are people migrating to Denmark for work, such as many Poles, who make up the largest immigrant group ahead of Ukrainians. Many of the Ukrainians are refugees fleeing the Russia-Ukraine war that broke out in 2022.

Over the past 75 years, women have generally had a higher life expectancy than men by around 4-6 years. Reasons for this difference include higher susceptibility to childhood diseases among males; higher rates of accidental deaths, conflict-related deaths, and suicide among adult men; and higher prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle habits and chronic illnesses, as well as higher susceptibility to chronic diseases among men. Therefore, men not only have lower life expectancy than women overall, but also throughout each stage of life. Throughout the given period, there were notable dips in life expectancy for both sexes, including a roughly four year drop in 1960 due to China's so-called Great Leap Forward, and a 1.8 year drop due to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2021. Across the world, differences in life expectancy can vary between the sexes by large margins. In countries such as the Nordics, for example, the difference is low due to high-quality healthcare systems and access, as well as high quality diets and lifestyles. In Eastern Europe, however, the difference is over 10 years in Russia and Ukraine due to the war, although the differences were already very pronounced in this region before 2022, in large part driven by unhealthier lifestyles among men.

The majority of immigrants in Poland in 2023 were from Ukraine (40,000), a decrease of 14 percent compared to the previous year. Immigration to Poland for different reasons In 2022, nearly 14,000 people immigrated to Poland for permanent residence, of which most came from Ukraine, the UK, and Germany, respectively. Furthermore, the majority of immigrants for temporary stay in Poland in 2022 were from Ukraine (46,000 immigrants), a decrease of 1.5 percent compared to the previous year. In 2023, most Ukrainian citizens chose Poland as a place for economic emigration. The main reason for that choice was geographical and cultural proximity. Nearly every second respondent valued the low language barrier, and for every third person, the motivation was earnings. Poles attitudes toward Russia’s war with Ukraine In 2022, most Poles had a negative attitude toward Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Poles’ biggest concerns about the Russia-Ukraine war were the military threats from Russia and the impact of the war on the condition of the Polish economy. After the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Poles proved their support for Ukrainians. One of the most common forms of support for refugees fleeing the Russia-Ukraine war to Poland was to provide blankets, food, and hygiene items. Four out of 10 Poles donated money to a charity fundraiser and volunteered in organizations.