Russia's military capabilities outnumbered those of Ukraine for most indicators as of 2025. For example, the number of aircraft at the disposal of the Russian Army was close to 4,300, while the Ukrainian Armed Forces possessed 324 aircraft. Russia's naval fleet was 4.7 times larger than Ukraine's. Moreover, Russia was one of the nine countries that possessed nuclear weapons. As of early 2024, Russia held the world's largest inventory of nuclear warheads. How many soldiers does Ukraine have? Ukraine's Army counted approximately 2.2 million military personnel as of 2025. Of them, 900,000 were active military staff. Furthermore, 1.2 million soldiers were part of the country's reserve forces. To compare, Russia had approximately 1.32 million active military personnel and two million of reserve military personnel. Russia's active soldier count was the fourth-largest worldwide, while Ukraine's ranked sixth. Ukraine's tank strength Ukraine's Armed Forces possessed over 1,100 tanks as of 2025, which was more than five times less than Russia's. To support Ukraine during the Russian invasion, several Western countries made commitments to deliver tanks to Ukraine, including Leopard 2, Challenger 2, and M1 Abrams. Furthermore, Ukraine received other types of armored vehicles from Western countries, such as M133 armored personnel carriers from the United States and Mastiff (6x6) protected patrol vehicles from the United Kingdom.

As of 2025, the total number of aircraft of Russia outnumbered that of the Air Forces of Ukraine by more than 13 times. The number of Russian fighter aircraft amounted to 833, whereas Ukraine had 70 fighter aircraft.

Abstract

Beyond causing immediate hardship and triggering a large exodus of displaced people, Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine and the blockade of its Black Sea export routes have also led to sharp increases in grain prices and raised concern about global food security. To provide information to the government for developing policies and programs to support the agricultural sector in Ukraine, the World Bank launched a nationwide survey of post-invasion farmers in cooperation with the Ministry of Agricultural Policy and Food (MAPF), with financial support from the EU, in areas controlled by Ukraine from October to December of 2022. The survey objective is to obtain information on changes in welfare, production, and productivity in the small and medium farm sector between 2021 and 2022 and to identify ways on how farmers could be most effectively supported. Data was collected via phone by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) under the monitoring of World Bank research team.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Households

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The frame consisted of 63,374 registered farms. The distribution of farms by size and program participation shows that most of the farms are small (85%) with farm size less than 50 ha (35,264 PSG non-applicants vs. 18,605 PSG applicants) followed by farms with 50-120 ha (7.5% with 1,634 PSG non-applicants and 3,107 PSG applicants) and farms that are not eligible for PSG participation with size greater than 120 ha (7.5% with 2,743 less than 500 ha and 2,021 greater than 500 ha).

The expected sample size for the phone survey was 2,500 farms with 10% each in the small size category from PSG applicants and non-applicants, 20% each in the farm category of 50-120 ha from PSG applicants and non-applicants, 20% from the farm size category of 120-500 ha and 20% from the farm size category of greater than 500 ha. Given the expected high non-response rate of phone interviews, all the farms with size greater than 50 ha were included in the sample and then 1,125 and 1,126 farms were randomly selected from PSG non-participants and participants in the less than 50 ha category. The final response rate was about 20% with the lowest in the greater than 500 ha category (15%) and the highest in the 50-120 ha PSG non-applicant category (28%). The survey initially targets 2, 500 farms, and eventually collected data for 2, 251 farms.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Research instrument

The survey questionnaire comprised four sections namely: • Screener & Background • Household Roster • Agricultural Production • Property and Finance

Cleaning operations

Data have been collected electronically. Survey logic has been incorporated into the instrument. After data collection, mainly general data completeness and outliers have been checked. Also, all text responses to open-ended questions have been analyzed and coded if necessary.

The final data file contains data from 2,251 interviews. It was provided to the World Bank team in SPSS formats.

Response rate

The overall and cooperation response rates were 21.3% and 37.3% respectively.

As of 2025, the fleet strength of Russia outnumbered the naval forces of Ukraine by around 4.7 times. The Ukrainian Army was reported to have no corvettes, submarines, destroyers, and aircraft carriers.

Ukraine Imports from Russia of Cigarette Paper was US$112 during 2022, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Ukraine Imports from Russia of Cigarette Paper - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on June of 2025.

Russia Imports from Ukraine of Other Paper, Paperboard, Cellulose Wadding, Other Articles was US$1.74 Million during 2021, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Russia Imports from Ukraine of Other Paper, Paperboard, Cellulose Wadding, Other Articles - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on June of 2025.

This dataset contains YouTube comments from interviews conducted by Lex Fridman regarding the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The interviews featured individuals with polar opposite views, specifically Oliver Stone, who holds a clear bias for Russia, and Stephen Kotkin, who leans towards the West and Ukraine. The aim of these interviews was to provide audiences with a more rounded understanding of the conflict, addressing issues such as disinformation and differing perspectives prevalent in today's world. This dataset of comments offers a valuable resource for further analysis, such as sentiment or polarisation studies, allowing the community to explore public opinion surrounding these critical geopolitical events.

Columns

While a specific data sample is not provided in the sources, the dataset is described as containing YouTube comments. Based on the available information, it is expected to include at least the following: * Index: A numerical identifier for each comment. * Comments: The full text of the user-submitted comment.

Distribution

The dataset is typically provided in a CSV file format. It comprises comments collected from the interviews. The available information indicates there are 894 unique comments within the dataset.

Usage

This dataset is ideal for various applications and use cases, including: * Conducting sentiment analysis to gauge public opinion on the Russia-Ukraine conflict. * Performing polarisation analysis to identify differing viewpoints and their distribution among the audience. * Analysing online discourse and the impact of interviews with prominent figures on public perception. * Research into disinformation campaigns and their influence on public comments. * Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks such as topic modelling, keyword extraction, and linguistic analysis of online political discussions.

Coverage

The dataset primarily covers the online public discourse surrounding the Russia-Ukraine conflict as expressed in YouTube comments. * Geographic Scope: The comments are from a global audience engaging with content related to a conflict predominantly set in Europe, impacting the world. * Time Range: The comments are associated with interviews that discuss historical contexts (e.g., JFK, Cold War) up to contemporary events (e.g., 2022 invasion of Ukraine), reflecting discussions around this period. Specific collection dates for the comments themselves are not detailed, but the dataset listing indicates a listed date of 27/06/2025. * Demographic Scope: The data reflects opinions from the general online public who engage with Lex Fridman's podcast. No specific demographic breakdown is available.

License

CC-BY-NC

Who Can Use It

This dataset is suitable for: * Researchers and Academics: For studies in social science, political science, media studies, and computational linguistics to understand public opinion dynamics. * Data Scientists and Analysts: To apply NLP techniques for sentiment analysis, topic modelling, and discourse analysis. * Journalists and Media Organisations: To gain insights into audience reactions and public sentiment surrounding geopolitical events. * Anyone interested in Public Opinion: Individuals seeking to explore and understand the diversity of views on the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the role of online platforms in shaping them.

Dataset Name Suggestions

• Russia-Ukraine Conflict: YouTube Comments Data
• Lex Fridman Interviews: Public Opinion on Ukraine War
• Oliver Stone & Stephen Kotkin Interview Comments
• Geopolitical Discourse: YouTube Audience Reactions
• Ukraine Conflict Sentiment Dataset

Attributes

Original Data Source: Russia/Ukraine conflict - Youtube comments

As of 2025,the combined forces of NATO had approximately 3.44 million active military personnel, compared with 1.32 million active military personnel in the Russian military. The collective military capabilities of the 32 countries that make up NATO outnumber Russia in terms of aircraft, at 22,377 to 4,957, and in naval power, with 1,143 military ships, to 419. In terms of ground combat vehicles, NATO had an estimated 11,495 main battle tanks, to Russia's 5,750. The combined nuclear arsenal of the United States, United Kingdom, and France amounted to 5,559 nuclear warheads, compared with Russia's 5,580. NATO military spending In 2024, the combined military expenditure of NATO states amounted to approximately 1.47 trillion U.S. dollars, with the United States responsible for the majority of this spending, as the U.S. military budget amounted to 967.7 billion dollars that year. The current U.S. President, Donald Trump has frequently taken aim at other NATO allies for not spending as much on defense as America. NATO member states are expected to spend at least two percent of their GDP on defense, although the U.S. has recently pushed for an even higher target. As of 2024, the U.S. spent around 3.38 percent of its GDP on defense, the third-highest in the alliance, with Estonia just ahead on 3.43 percent, and Poland spending the highest share at 4.12 percent. US aid to Ukraine The pause in aid to Ukraine from the United States at the start of March 2025 marks a significant policy change from Ukraine's most powerful ally. Throughout the War in Ukraine, military aid from America has been crucial to the Ukrainian cause. In Trump's first term in office, America sent a high number of anti-tank Javelins, with this aid scaling up to more advanced equipment after Russia's full-scale invasion in 2022. The donation of around 40 HIMARs rocket-artillery system, for example, has proven to be one of Ukraine's most effective offensive weapons against Russia. Defensive systems such as advanced Patriot air defense units have also helped protect Ukraine from aerial assaults. Although European countries have also provided significant aid, it is unclear if they will be able to fill the hole left by America should the pause in aid goes on indefinitely.

The Russian cybersecurity market, a segment within the global landscape exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8.94%, presents a compelling investment opportunity. While precise market sizing for Russia specifically is unavailable in the provided data, we can make informed estimations. Considering the global market size of 6.56 billion (USD) in 2025 and Russia's position as a major global economy with a substantial digital footprint, a reasonable estimate for the Russian cybersecurity market in 2025 would be in the range of 100-200 million USD. This estimation considers Russia's robust financial sector (BFSI), burgeoning IT and telecommunications infrastructure, and increasing government focus on digital security, particularly in light of geopolitical factors. Growth drivers include rising cyber threats targeting critical infrastructure, increasing adoption of cloud technologies, and the stringent regulatory environment pushing for enhanced data protection. Market trends indicate a shift towards advanced threat detection, proactive security measures, and managed security services. While the exact market segment breakdown (cloud vs on-premise, specific security type adoption) for Russia requires further localized research, we can infer strong growth in cloud security and identity access management solutions, mirroring global trends. Potential restraints could include economic sanctions impacting technological imports and the overall economic climate. However, the inherent need for robust cybersecurity in the face of increasing threats is expected to overcome these challenges. Looking forward, the 8.94% CAGR suggests significant expansion through 2033. The market is likely to see increasing sophistication in solutions deployed, with a greater emphasis on artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for threat detection and response. The rise of IoT devices and the expansion of 5G networks will further fuel market growth by expanding the attack surface and creating a greater demand for comprehensive security solutions. The continued investment by both private sector entities and the Russian government in cybersecurity infrastructure will solidify the Russian market as a significant player in the global cybersecurity landscape. Understanding the nuances of the regulatory landscape and geopolitical factors will be crucial in navigating the market effectively. Recent developments include: March 2022: According to Team Nautilus, part of Aqua Security, the military campaign was preceded by a sophisticated cyberattack launched by Russia against multiple Ukrainian organizations. It included highly destructive malware called IsaacWiper and HermeticWizard, which are new variants of the wiper malware. The malware attack, alongside the military campaign, aimed to impact the conflict. The malware was installed on hundreds of machines in Ukraine, followed by a wave of distributed denial-of-service attacks. The new wipers can corrupt the data on a machine and make it inaccessible. In addition to the worm's ability to spread across a local network to infect more machines, it can launch a ransomware attack and encrypt files on the compromised machine., March 2022: German cyber security agency BSI urged consumers not to use anti-virus software made by Russia's Kaspersky, warning the firm could be implicated in hacking assaults amid Russia's war in Ukraine. According to the Federal Cyber Security Authority (BSI), Russia's military and intelligence activities in Ukraine, and its threats to EU and NATO allies, particularly Germany, mean a "considerable risk of a successful IT attack. ". Key drivers for this market are: Increasing Demand for Digitalization and Scalable IT Infrastructure, Need to tackle risks from various trends such as third-party vendor risks, the evolution of MSSPs, and adoption of cloud-first strategy. Potential restraints include: Increasing Demand for Digitalization and Scalable IT Infrastructure, Need to tackle risks from various trends such as third-party vendor risks, the evolution of MSSPs, and adoption of cloud-first strategy. Notable trends are: Cloud Segment is one of the Factor Driving the Market.

Key information about Ukraine Total Imports

• Ukraine Total Imports recorded 7.1 USD bn in Dec 2024, compared with a value of 6.2 USD bn in the previous month
• Ukraine Total Imports data is updated monthly, available from Jan 2002 to Dec 2024, with an average number of 4.6 USD bn
• The data reached an all-time high of 8.8 USD bn in Jul 2008 and a record low of 1.0 USD bn in Jan 2002

• In the latest reports, Ukraine Total Imports grew 13.7 % YoY in Dec 2024
• Total Exports grew 3.2 % YoY, to 3.3 USD bn in Dec 2024
• Ukraine Trade Balance recorded a deficit of 3.8 USD bn in Dec 2024

Russia Imports from Ukraine of Cigarette Paper was US$9.8 Thousand during 2020, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Russia Imports from Ukraine of Cigarette Paper - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on June of 2025.

Russia is the largest country in Europe, and also the largest in the world, its total size amounting to 17 million square kilometers (km2). It should be noted, however, that over three quarters of Russia is located in Asia, and the Ural mountains are often viewed as the meeting point of the two continents in Russia; nonetheless, European Russia is still significantly larger than any other European country. Ukraine, the second largest country on the continent, is only 603,000 km2, making it about 28 times smaller than its eastern neighbor, or seven times smaller than the European part of Russia. France is the third largest country in Europe, but the largest in the European Union. The Vatican City, often referred to as the Holy Sea, is both the smallest country in Europe and in the world, at just one km2. Population Russia is also the most populous country in Europe. It has around 144 million inhabitants across the country; in this case, around three quarters of the population live in the European part, which still gives it the largest population in Europe. Despite having the largest population, Russia is a very sparsely populated country due to its size and the harsh winters. Germany is the second most populous country in Europe, with 83 million inhabitants, while the Vatican has the smallest population. Worldwide, India and China are the most populous countries, with approximately 1.4 billion inhabitants each. Cities Moscow in Russia is ranked as the most populous city in Europe with around 13 million inhabitants, although figures vary, due to differences in the methodologies used by countries and sources. Some statistics include Istanbul in Turkey* as the largest city in Europe with its 15 million inhabitants, bit it has been excluded here as most of the country and parts of the city is located in Asia. Worldwide, Tokyo is the most populous city, with Jakarta the second largest and Delhi the third.

Ukraine Exports of cigarette paper to Russia was US$6.31 Thousand during 2022, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Ukraine Exports of cigarette paper to Russia - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on June of 2025.

This dataset provides a collection of tweets from around the world focusing on the Russia-Ukraine conflict. It offers valuable social media data for researchers and analysts interested in public discourse, sentiment, and trends related to this geopolitical event. The data, primarily in tabular format, is suitable for various analytical approaches, including natural language processing.

Columns

• id: Unique identifier for each message.
• conversation_id: Identifier to group messages belonging to the same conversation thread.
• created_at: Date and time when the tweet was created.
• date: Date when the tweet was created.
• time: Time when the tweet was created.
• timezone: Time zone of the user who posted the tweet.
• user_id: Unique identifier for the Twitter user.
• username: The username of the Twitter account.
• name: The display name of the Twitter account.
• place: The location associated with the tweet, if provided.
• tweet: The full text content of the tweet.
• language: The detected language of the tweet.
• mentions: List of user mentions within the tweet.
• urls: List of URLs included in the tweet.
• photos: List of photo URLs attached to the tweet.
• replies_count: The number of replies to the tweet.
• retweets_count: The number of retweets the tweet received.
• likes_count: The number of likes the tweet received.
• hashtags: List of hashtags used in the tweet.
• cashtags: List of cashtags used in the tweet.
• link: The direct URL to the tweet.
• retweet: Boolean indicating if the tweet is a retweet.
• quote_url: URL of the quoted tweet, if applicable.
• video: Boolean indicating if the tweet contains a video.
• thumbnail: URL of the video thumbnail, if a video is present.
• near: Approximate geographic location (textual description).
• geo: Geographic coordinates of the tweet.
• source: The application or client used to post the tweet.
• user_rt_id: User ID of the original tweeter if this is a retweet.
• user_rt: Username of the original tweeter if this is a retweet.
• retweet_id: ID of the original tweet if this is a retweet.
• reply_to: List of IDs of tweets this tweet is a reply to.
• retweet_date: Date of the retweet.
• translate: Boolean indicating if the tweet has been translated.
• trans_src: Source language of the translation.
• trans_dest: Destination language of the translation.

Distribution

The dataset is typically provided in a CSV file format. It contains tens of thousands of tweets, with various ranges showing record counts from over 1,500 to over 5,000 tweets per segment. The total number of unique tweet IDs is approximately 41,926, and the overall dataset size is around 43,000 to 44,000 records.

Usage

This dataset is ideal for: * Sentiment Analysis: Understanding public sentiment towards the Russia-Ukraine conflict. * Trend Analysis: Identifying emerging topics, narratives, and trends in social media discussions. * Social Media Monitoring: Tracking discourse and reactions to significant geopolitical events. * Linguistic Research: Analysing language patterns and communication strategies related to conflict. * Public Opinion Research: Gaining insights into global public perspectives on the war.

Coverage

The dataset offers global coverage, collecting tweets from around the world. The time range for the tweets primarily spans from early July 2022, specifically from 3rd July 2022 to 12th July 2022, with some records extending to 13th July 2022. No specific demographic breakdown is provided, but the global coverage suggests a diverse set of contributors.

License

CC0

Who Can Use It

• Researchers: For academic studies on geopolitics, social media analysis, and public sentiment.
• Data Scientists/Analysts: To build and test natural language processing models, perform data mining, and extract insights.
• Journalists: To inform reporting and understand public reaction to current events.
• Government and Policy Analysts: To gauge public opinion and assess the impact of events.
• Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs): For understanding social narratives surrounding humanitarian and political crises.

Dataset Name Suggestions

• Global Russia-Ukraine Conflict Tweets
• Social Media Discourse: Russia-Ukraine War
• Ukraine Conflict Tweets (July 2022)
• Geopolitical Tweet Analysis Dataset
• Worldwide Tweets on Ukraine Crisis

Attributes

Original Data Source: Tweets on Russia Ukraine Conflict

Key information about Ukraine Total Exports

• Ukraine Total Exports recorded 3.3 USD bn in Dec 2024, compared with 3.7 USD bn in the previous month
• Ukraine Total Exports data is updated monthly, available from Jan 2002 to Dec 2024, with an averaged value of 3.7 USD bn
• The data reached an all-time high of 7.7 USD bn in Jul 2008 and a record low of 1.2 USD bn in Jan 2002

• In the latest reports, Ukraine Total Exports grew 3.2 % YoY in Dec 2024
• Total Imports recorded 7.1 USD bn in Dec 2024, which registered an increase of 13.7 % year on year
• Ukraine Trade Balance recorded a deficit of 3.8 USD bn in Dec 2024

On behalf of the Press and Information Office of the Federal Government, the opinion research institute forsa has regularly conducted representative population surveys on the topic of Germany and the Ukraine War from calendar week 13/2022. The individual question areas were adapted according on the survey period. During the survey period from 12.12.2022 to 14.12.2022, the German-speaking resident population aged 14 and over was surveyed in telephone interviews (CATI). The respondents were selected by multi-stage random sample.
Germany should continue to maintain the adopted economic sanctions against Russia vs. end; level of concern about possible impact of war in Ukraine on Germany; specific concerns about possible impact of war in Ukraine on Germany (open question); level of concern about the following related to war in Ukraine: Germany being dragged into a war with Russia, Germany taking on more than it can handle by taking in refugees from Ukraine, everything becoming more expensive, use of nuclear weapons, basic food supply in Germany being threatened, energy supply in Germany being threatened, personal financial situation worsening, financial difficulties due to additional payments for electricity and energy costs; satisfaction with regard to how the German government is dealing with the effects of the war in Ukraine on Germany; relief measures adopted by the German government so far are sufficient vs. further relief is needed; informedness about personally received relief or relief of the budget; noticeable relief of the own budget by the relief measures adopted by the federal government so far; expected future relief of the own budget by the relief measures adopted by the federal government so far; type of rehearsal warnings received at the nationwide warning day on December 8 (warning message on cell phone, siren heard, on another way, none of the above); sufficient commitment of the federal government with regard to the following challenges: Protection of important supply systems such as energy, drinking water or transport from sabotage, preparation for disaster situations, warning citizens in the event of a disaster; precautions taken to prepare for a possible disaster situation in Germany; type of precautions taken for a possible disaster situation (e.g., drinks stockpiled or food stockpiled, emergency suitcases packed, etc.).

Demography: sex; age (grouped); employment; education; household size; net household income (grouped); party preference in the next general election; voting behaviour in the last general election.

Additionally coded were: region; federal state; weight.

Snapshot img

Polytetrafluoroethylene Membrane Market Size 2024-2028

The polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane market size is forecast to increase by USD 744.9 million at a CAGR of 6.9% between 2023 and 2028.

The PTFE membrane market is witnessing significant growth due to the high demand for PTFE membranes in air and gas filtration applications. The increasing focus on sustainability and eco-friendly materials is also driving the market's growth. However, stringent government regulations on the use of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in the production of PTFE membranes pose a challenge to market growth. The micronized PTFE market, Fluoropolymer Coating Market, and FEVE Fluoropolymer Coatings Market are closely related and are expected to experience similar trends. The report provides an in-depth analysis of the market growth factors, challenges, and opportunities. The report covers the current market scenario and the future outlook for the PTFE membrane market.

What will be the Size of the Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Membrane Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market encompasses a diverse range of applications, including filtration, separation, and coating industries. PTFE membranes are renowned for their exceptional chemical resistance, thermal steadiness, and versatility, making them a preferred choice for various sectors. Key end-use industries include water treatment, where membranes are employed for hydrophobic and hydrophilic applications in wastewater treatment and emission control systems. In the medical sector, membranes find extensive use in pharmaceuticals, drug delivery systems, sterile venting, implantable parts, bone grafts, vascular grafts, and dental implants. Stringent regulations governing industrial wastes and environmental sustainability drive the demand for membranes in emission control and water treatment applications. Additionally, advancements in PTFE membrane technology have led to the development of oleophobic membranes, further expanding the market's scope.

How is this Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Membrane Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Type

  Hydrophobic PTFE membrane
  Hydrophilic PTFE membrane


Application

  Industrial filtration
  Water treatment
  Textiles
  Pharmaceuticals
  Others


Geography

  APAC

    India
    Vietnam


  Europe



  Middle East and Africa



  North America

    US


  South America

    Peru

By Type Insights

The hydrophobic PTFE membrane segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes, specifically hydrophobic types, are gaining significant traction in diverse industries due to their distinctive characteristics. With water scarcity emerging as a global concern, efficient filtration and separation technologies are increasingly in demand. Hydrophobic membranes excel in water purification and desalination processes, owing to their water-repellent properties. Furthermore, these membranes are indispensable in medical applications, such as drug delivery systems, medical devices, and implants, thanks to their chemical inertness and biocompatibility.

In sectors like chemical processing, oil and gas, and food and beverage, high-performance filtration solutions are essential for handling harsh conditions. Hydrophobic membranes also find applications in manufacturing breathable, waterproof fabrics for outdoor clothing and equipment. The filtration sector is moving towards eco-friendly and sustainable solutions, and membranes, with their compatibility with fumigation and resistance to industrial wastes, align with this trend.

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The hydrophobic PTFE membrane segment was valued at USD 870.20 million in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

APAC is estimated to contribute 56% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.

Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

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The market experienced significant growth in the APAC region in 2023, accounting for a substantial market share. The region's industrial expansion and increasing demand for high-performance materials have driven the PTFE membrane market's growth. Countries like China and India, with their rapid economic development, have been major contributors to the market's growth in APAC. Membranes are widely us

Ukraine Imports from Russia of Other Paper, Paperboard, Cellulose Wadding, Other Articles was US$404.36 Thousand during 2022, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Ukraine Imports from Russia of Other Paper, Paperboard, Cellulose Wadding, Other Articles - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on July of 2025.

Immediately after the onset of a war, the popularity of the head of a warring government suddenly surges. Known as the “rally ’round the flag effect”, this phenomenon may well spill over to third-party countries that are not actually at war. This paper specifically studies the case of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. We exploited the results of surveys in Czechia, Japan, and Uruguay that were already underway when the conflict began. We identify the indirect rally effect of the war on citizens’ support for the party of the head of government by comparing respondents who joined the surveys before or after the outbreak of the war. We found that the war increased approval for the national leader’s party by around three percentage points in Japan and six percentage points in Uruguay, which is comparable to the size of direct rally effects. However, this was not the case in Czechia.

Over 1.2 million refugees from Ukraine due to the Russian invasion fled to Germany as of April 2025. Furthermore, the second-highest number was recorded in Poland. In total, around 5.1 million Ukrainian refugees were registered across Europe and 5.6 million worldwide as of May 2025. Most of them fled the country by crossing the border with Poland. Ukrainian refugees in Germany The first increases in the number of Ukrainian refugees in Germany were registered in March and April 2022. The figure exceeded one million refugees in September of that year. Germany had the highest monthly financial allowance for Ukrainians who fled the war compared to other European countries as of June 2022. Temporary protection for Ukrainian refugees in the EU European Union (EU) members implemented the Temporary Protection Directive (TPD), which guaranteed access to accommodation, welfare, and healthcare to refugees from Ukraine. People fleeing the war had a right to a residence permit in the EU, enter the labor market, and enroll children in educational institutions. The protection is granted until March 4, 2026, but it can be extended in the future depending on the situation in the country.