Over 1.2 million refugees from Ukraine due to the Russian invasion fled to Germany as of April 2025. Furthermore, the second-highest number was recorded in Poland. In total, around 5.1 million Ukrainian refugees were registered across Europe and 5.6 million worldwide as of May 2025. Most of them fled the country by crossing the border with Poland. Ukrainian refugees in Germany The first increases in the number of Ukrainian refugees in Germany were registered in March and April 2022. The figure exceeded one million refugees in September of that year. Germany had the highest monthly financial allowance for Ukrainians who fled the war compared to other European countries as of June 2022. Temporary protection for Ukrainian refugees in the EU European Union (EU) members implemented the Temporary Protection Directive (TPD), which guaranteed access to accommodation, welfare, and healthcare to refugees from Ukraine. People fleeing the war had a right to a residence permit in the EU, enter the labor market, and enroll children in educational institutions. The protection is granted until March 4, 2026, but it can be extended in the future depending on the situation in the country.

Germany was estimated to have the highest total costs from taking in refugees from Ukraine due to the Russian invasion that started in February 2022, at approximately 36.6 billion euros as of February 2025. Poland, which ranked second, was one of the countries that took in the most refugees from Ukraine. Spain had the third-highest estimated refugee cost, at around 8.6 billion euros.

Estonia and Czechia had the highest number of Ukrainian refugees per thousand inhabitants during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, at 41 as of mid-September 2022. Furthermore, Poland received 36 Ukrainian refugees per thousand residents.

After Russia started its invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, approximately ** million border crossings from Ukraine to other countries were recorded as of December 2024. Most of the refugees fled to Poland. More than *** million refugees from Ukraine were recorded in Europe as of December 16, 2024.

Abstract

The 2024 Socio-Economic Insights Survey (SEIS) in Moldova, conducted by UNHCR in partnership with REACH, provides essential data on the needs of refugees and third-country nationals displaced from Ukraine. Building on the 2023 Multi-Sectoral Needs Assessment (MSNA), this household-level survey collected insights on protection, food security, education, livelihoods, health, and socio-economic inclusion to inform humanitarian planning and decision-making. A total of 622 in-person interviews were conducted across Moldova (excluding the Transnistrian region) between June 3 and July 12, 2024. The survey used purposive and respondent-assisted sampling to capture household and individual-level data on living conditions, access to services, and integration challenges. This anonymized dataset supports stakeholders in addressing the needs of displaced populations and promoting integration and access to essential services in Moldova.

Geographic coverage

Moldova

Analysis unit

Household

Universe

Households of Ukrainian refugees and third-country nationals displaced from Ukraine residing in Moldova

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample was selected using non-probability sampling, combining purposive sampling (to target key refugee and third-country national populations) and respondent-assisted sampling (to reach households within these groups). The sampling frame included Ukrainian refugees and third-country nationals displaced from Ukraine across Moldova, excluding the Transnistrian region.

 Since this is a non-probability sample, findings are indicative of trends among surveyed populations but are not statistically representative of all refugees and displaced persons in Moldova.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face interview

Research instrument

Key topics covered include protection, gender-based violence, mental health, socio-economic status, health, accommodation, food security, education, social cohesion, and access to humanitarian aid.

More than 5.6 million refugees from Ukraine were recorded worldwide as of May 31, 2025. Of them, 5.1 million, or approximately 91 percent, resided in Europe. Among European countries, Germany and Poland had the most Ukrainian refugees.

Abstract

Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, many school-age Ukrainian refugees arrived in Europe, including in Italy, raising the need to protect their human capital and integrate them into new educational systems. Focusing on Italy, this survey aims to investigate how Ukrainian refugee children between 11 and 19 years old are adjusting to a foreign country, exploring the prevalence of factors that can hinder or facilitate their integration.

The World Bank, in collaboration with the Centro Studi di Politica Internazionale - CeSPI ETS (CeSPI), has collected survey data on Ukrainian refugees’ children and their caregivers between December 2023 and July 2024. The objective of the survey is to provide a detailed picture of the learning gaps and needs of forcibly displaced Ukrainian children in Italy.

The survey uses two main survey instruments: a caregiver questionnaire and a child questionnaire. The former is aimed to a person that can be identified as the adult (either formally or informally) responsible of the Ukrainian student in Italy, while the latter is administered to the each Ukrainian student individually.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Individual

Universe

The survey covered all 20 Italian regions

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Due to the impossibility to adopt a probabilistic sampling, survey respondents were primarily recruited by requesting contact information of caregivers of Ukrainian refugee students enrolled in Italian schools, as identified by student enrollment data provided by the Italian Ministry of Education.

Moreover, further contacts have been recruited through a series of organizations (327) that had previously assisted Ukrainian refugee children aged 11-19 years and by posting links and QR codes to access the questionnaires for children and caregivers on the UNHCR Italy's Telegram channel.

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

Research instrument

The World Bank Survey on Ukrainian refugees in Italy consists of two questionnaires for each category of respondent (the student and the related caregiver). The Student Questionnaire was administered to each Ukrainian student interviewed. The Caregiver Questionnaire was administered to eligible adult responsible (formally or informally) of the Ukrainian student(s) participating in the survey (the same caregiver is interviewed in case is identified as the responsible adult of more than one student participating in the survey).

The World Bank Survey on Ukrainian refugees in Italy Caregiver Questionnaire includes the following modules: Socio-demographic information; Employment in Italy; Displacement history; Dwelling; Access to information; Mobility; Brief Parental Self Efficacy Scale; Believes on child’s achievement and well-being; Financial services; Contact info; Social integration; Personal well-being; and Assistance.

The World Bank Survey on Ukrainian refugees in Italy Child Questionnaire includes the following modules: Socio-demographic information; Schooling history; Education aspirations; Schooling environment; Youth empowerment; Bullying; Growth mindset; Language skill; Social network; Personal well-being; and Assistance.

Response rate

The number of observations in the final sample is of 248 students and 362 caregivers interviewed.

Graph and download economic data for Refugee Population by Country or Territory of Asylum for Ukraine (SMPOPREFGUKR) from 1994 to 2023 about refugee, Ukraine, World, and population.

Germany allocated the highest monthly amount of financial support per Ukrainian refugee in accommodation, at 449 euros per month as of June 2022. Ireland followed with 412 euros monthly. The lowest figure was recorded in Poland at slightly over 15 euros. In Luxembourg, which ranked first among European countries by gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the monthly allocation exceeded 255 euros.

Abstract

To ensure the centrality of refugees’ voices in discussions about their future, as well as to inform evidence-based inter-agency responses in support of host Governments, UNHCR is leading the regular implementation of intentions surveys with refugees from Ukraine, collecting primary data on their profiles, their current situation and intentions, and the factors influencing their decision-making.

The first and second regional intentions surveys were completed and the report published in July 2022 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94176) and September 2022 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95767). This data was collected during the third round, conducted between December 2022 and January 2023. The survey covered refugees hosted in countries in Europe. In addition, the third round included a longitudinal sample of refugees surveyed in both the second and third rounds. The report was published in Februrary 2023 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99072).

A mixed methodological approach was used, combining two data collection modes. Around 3,900 refugee households (2,100 from countries neighboring Ukraine and 1,800 from other host countries) were interviewed either through a phone-based survey, web-based survey or face-to-face interview. A total of 887 households participated in both the second and third round (longitudinal sample). All surveys used a harmonized questionnaire.

This data is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

Geographic coverage

Europe

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

Refugees from Ukraine

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The target number of respondents per country is 500 individuals, representing one household unit/registration group per interview. The study is designed so that only one member of each household/registration group is interviewed. One member of each household was selected from UNHCR database. To compensate for nonresponse, an oversampling factor of 6 was applied, i.e. 3,000 contacts were provided for reaching the targeted 500 respondents, in each country. Longitudinal participants, who in the previous wave agreed to be reinterviewed (1,345 respondents overall, see table above), were sampled by certainty in the current wave. They were amended with fresh sample from the total universe, discounting units that in the previous wave were refusing to participate or declined the request to be recontacted. All other units were part of the eligible universe the “fresh” sample was selected from. The sample was implicitly stratified based on two variables: registration group structure and time of arrival to the host country. The group structure dimension considers the following three categories: single adults, adults with children, and multiple adults without children. Time of arrival segments were retained from previous wave (those arrived in Feb-Mar 2022 and those arrived Apr-Aug 2022), adding a third segment for those who arrived since the previous wave survey, in the September- November period

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

Context

The Russian invasion of Ukraine started on February 24, 2022. Attacks by Russian forces were reported in major cities across Ukraine, including Berdyansk, Chernihiv, Kharkiv, Odesa, Sumy, and the capital Kyiv. Western officials claimed that by scope, the war could be the largest in Europe since 1945. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) verified over 5.7 thousand deaths of civilians in Ukraine during the war as of September 2022.

The invasion caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II, with over 7.2 million Ukrainians fleeing the country and a third of the population displaced. The refugees of the war mostly fled to the neighboring countries of Ukraine located in Central and Eastern Europe, prominently the nations of Poland, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Belarus, Republic of Moldova and Russia as well. With the situation in the regions of Ukraine changing, it is important to keep a general record regarding where the refugees are located, to provide better assistance to them and the concerned authorities.

About the dataset

This dataset contains information about the number of Ukrainian refugees that a neighboring country is housing at different points in time, starting from early March. The countries that mostly feature in the data are obviously the ones mentioned before that share borders with the nation of Ukraine. Each record mentions the country, the date of recording, the number of refugees in that country, and geospatial data of the particular region which could help in some useful geographical analysis. The consecutive entries for one country seem to be not more than a week apart at any given time. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and local governments are the main sources.

This file was extracted using an API about war data from RapidAPI. I will also provide regular updates to this dataset whenever I find any. I am still new to this technique of extraction so any feedback would be highly appreciated.

Inspiration

The war has inflicted large scale damage on many different communities and I believe the data science community has the knowledge and resources of providing help. I believe all data enthusiasts learn about data science to help in solving real world problems that society faces and providing aid during times of humanitarian crises would be influential work of the highest order.

Visit this link if you wish to donate or provide other support to the efforts in Ukraine: https://stand-with-ukraine.pp.ua/

Abstract

This dataset is a part of UNHCR's comprehensive survey series, focusing on the intentions and perspectives of Ukrainian refugees in Switzerland. Conducted in collaboration with Ipsos, the survey encompasses responses from 1,125 households, representing over 2,800 refugees. Utilizing a stratified probability sampling method, the survey targeted 10,000 refugees aged 18 and above with protection status in Switzerland, randomly selected from the SEM’s database. The dataset provides in-depth insights into refugees' socio-economic situations, profiles, intentions, and the factors influencing their decisions. This rigorous approach ensures that the sample is representative of the Ukrainian refugee population in Switzerland, with a maximum margin of error of about ±3.3%. This valuable resource is instrumental for stakeholders in shaping effective advocacy, programming, and policy decisions to support the refugee population. Weights were applied to the data for household composition, time of arrival, and linguistic region, based on available population statistics, to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the refugees' circumstances.

Geographic coverage

Country

Analysis unit

Household

Universe

Refugees Returnees Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) Host Communities

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The survey's sampling procedure involved a stratified probability approach, selecting a random sample of 10,000 Ukrainian refugees aged 18+ with protection status S from the SEM’s database in Switzerland, ensuring representation across various household types, arrival times, and linguistic regions.

Mode of data collection

Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based

Research instrument

Income, food consumption, expenditures, assets, community relations, wellbeing, resilience, mental health, health, accommodation, protection, and education

Abstract

This survey is part of UNHCR’s intention survey series for refugees from Ukraine across Europe. It was conducted in Austria to gather data on the situation and intentions of Ukrainian refugees, including their profiles, decision-making reasons, and socio-economic conditions. The survey aims to inform advocacy, programming, and decision-making by stakeholders. A total of 553 households, representing over 1,500 refugees, participated in the online survey conducted between mid-January and mid-March 2023.

Geographic coverage

Country

Analysis unit

Household

Universe

Refugees from Ukraine

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The 2023 Survey of Intentions and Perspectives of Refugees from Ukraine in Austria employed a non-probability, respondent-assisted sampling method. Refugees residing in Austria were invited to participate through social media platforms and messaging apps, including Facebook and Telegram. Civil society moderators with connections to UNHCR shared the survey link within relevant online groups used by the Ukrainian refugee community. Participants were encouraged to complete a self-administered, web-based questionnaire, available between January 15 and March 12, 2023. In total, 553 household-level surveys were completed, providing information on over 1,500 refugees. To account for demographic representativeness, weights based on gender and age were applied using the latest available refugee population statistics from the Austrian government (as of March 2023). The sample is not statistically representative of the entire Ukrainian refugee population in Austria but offers indicative insights into their socio-economic situation and intentions.

Mode of data collection

Self-administered questionnaire (web-based)

Research instrument

Income, food consumption, expenditures, assets, community relations, wellbeing, resilience, mental health, health, accommodation, protection, and education

Response rate

A total of 553 surveys were completed. The survey provided insights into more than 1,500 individuals living within these households.

Abstract

This dataset is the fifth round of UNHCR’s Intention Surveys with refugees from Ukraine, implemented in partnership with Ipsos SA. Data collection was conducted between January and February 2024 and includes close to 4,000 refugee households hosted across countries in Europe. The survey includes a longitudinal component, with part of the sample having participated in previous rounds. A mixed methodological approach was used, combining two data collection modes and mixed sampling designs. The anonymized dataset includes household- and individual-level data and supports inter-agency planning and evidence-based response related to refugee intentions, returns, and durable solutions.

Geographic coverage

All of Europe, stratified by neighbouring and non-neighbouring countries

Analysis unit

Household

Universe

Refugees from Ukraine hosted in European countries.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Probability: Stratified; Non-probability: Respondent-assisted

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Topics covered include demographics, displacement history, return intentions, decision-making factors, livelihoods, protection, health, education, accommodation, and feedback on humanitarian assistance.

Abstract

To ensure the centrality of refugees’ voices in discussions about their future, as well as to inform evidence-based inter-agency responses in support of host Governments, UNHCR is leading the regular implementation of intentions surveys with refugees from Ukraine, collecting primary data on their profiles, their current situation and intentions, and the factors influencing their decision-making. The first regional intentions survey was completed and the report published in July 2022 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94176). This data was collected during the second round, conducted between August and September 2022. The scope was expanded to include not only countries neighbouring Ukraine but other host countries in Europe and beyond. In addition, the second round also includes a deeper analysis of the factors influencing refugees’ decisions, as well as key insights into their current socio-economic situation. The report was published in September 2022 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95767). A mixed methodological approach was used, combining different sampling approaches and data collection modes. Over 4,800 refugee households (2,000 from countries neighboring Ukraine and 2,800 from other host countries) were interviewed either through a phone-based survey, web-based survey or face-to-face interview. All surveys used a harmonized questionnaire. This data is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

Geographic coverage

Europe

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

Refugees from Ukraine

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The overall combined sample included a total of over 4,800 surveys completed using one of the three methods. All surveys used a harmonized questionnaire, which collected data on refugees’ demographic profile, including about their place of origin, conditions in current host country and detailed intentions information. For the regional analysis, weights were applied based on the most recent figures available of the number of individual refugees recorded in each country. Most results are disaggregated between countries neighbouring Ukraine (2,000 surveys) and the rest of host countries covered in the survey (2,800 surveys), for the purpose of identifying differences in intentions and current conditions. A more detailed description of the sampling and weighting approach is included in Annex 1 of the report.

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

this graph was created in unhcr :

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The war in Ukraine, which began with the Russian Federation's large-scale invasion in February 2022, has created Europe’s largest and fastest-growing displacement crisis since World War II. This conflict has forced millions of Ukrainians to flee their homes, either escaping into nearby countries or relocating within Ukraine itself. In response, there has been an impressive, collective effort from national and local authorities, civil society groups, volunteers, and even the refugees themselves to meet the needs of those fleeing violence, ensuring protection and essential services.

Now, nearly two years into the crisis, these refugee support efforts remain crucial in host countries and show signs of long-term support. Host governments are increasingly committed to integrating refugees into their communities, with a focus on socio-economic inclusion to help Ukrainians rebuild their lives.

While the largest wave of displacement happened in the initial months of the invasion, Ukrainians continue to move back and forth across borders. Some are still fleeing the ongoing conflict, while others make short visits to Ukraine or even return more permanently. This mobility creates a complex pattern of movement that governments and aid organizations track closely to adjust their support strategies.

In the third year of this crisis, host countries face the challenge of balancing short-term and longer-term refugee needs. To help, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has recommended that host countries remain flexible with refugees who visit Ukraine for short periods, encouraging states to allow them to retain their legal status abroad. For those staying in Ukraine longer, UNHCR suggests a temporary pause in refugee status rather than permanent withdrawal, so they can easily regain protection if they need to leave Ukraine again.

This approach helps refugees make informed choices about returning when the situation allows and reduces unnecessary administrative hurdles, providing a more supportive environment for Ukrainians as they face an uncertain future.

IntroductionThe Russian invasion of Ukraine displaced over 14 million people. By 2024, around 6 million Ukrainian refugees settled in Europe under the EU Temporary Protection Directive, providing permit of residence, work and health care. This influx strained European healthcare systems, particularly in addressing acute injuries. As the stay of refugees in EU countries prolongs, the management of chronic conditions becomes increasingly important. However, there is limited information available about Ukrainian refugees' access to various healthcare services.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate perceived accessibility of healthcare services in Europe for Ukrainian war refugees and to identify barriers to healthcare access, in order to inform improvements in healthcare provision.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted across Europe from July 2023 to April 2024, targeting adult Ukrainian war refugees. Survey explored areas defined as key health care needs. Descriptive, parametric and non-parametric statistical analysis methods were employed in data analysis.ResultsOf 659 respondents, 550 (83.4%) were included in the final analysis due to having reported need to use healthcare services in the past year. The most prevalent needs included dental care (82.9%), prescription medication (81.6%), care for acute (78.4%), and chronic conditions (64.0%). Perceived access to care varied across services, with vaccinations rated highest, while chronic condition care rated lowest. Around ¼ of respondents reported that they had to temporarily return to Ukraine for services not available in the countries where they stayed, these being mostly dental and gynaecologic care. The most prevalent barriers reported were long waiting times (64.2%), information barriers (55.5%), and high service costs (49.1%).DiscussionThe survey identified several barriers in the access to healthcare system for Ukrainians, particularly for chronic conditions care. Some barriers may be subjective, relating to limited access to information. However, others point to potential shortcomings within national healthcare systems, suggesting areas that require further review and improvement.ConclusionsAddressing language barriers, improving information dissemination, and enhancing chronic condition management were identified as crucial for improving healthcare access for Ukrainian war refugees. Coordinated strategies are needed to support refugees and ensure the sustainability of host healthcare systems.

Historical dataset showing Ukraine refugee statistics by year from 1994 to 2023.

This data collection contains updated data from the fourth survey wave conducted in November-December 2024 by the Centre for Economic Strategy (CES) as well as a report with the general findings of the latest survey. The data provides information about Ukrainian refugees who fled abroad due to the full-scale Russian invasion and their socio-demographic profile, their integration into the host country and their intentions for the future.

The sample size was 1000 people. The telephone numbers were randomly selected among Kyivstar and Vodafone subscribers who were abroad at the time of the survey. Representativeness was ensured through geographical quotas for the distribution of Ukrainians abroad based on data from the European Statistical Office, as well as official data on the number of Ukrainians who have moved to the UK, Canada and the United States. Recruitment and surveys did not include Ukrainians in Russia or Belarus.

The data from three previous waves of surveys (November-December 2022, April-May 2023, December 2023-January 2024), published as version 1.0 of this dataset, is also included in this data collection.

All four waves of the survey were conducted by the research agency "Info Sapiens", were commissioned by the Centre for Economic Strategy and funded by the International Renaissance Foundation.

Each wave of the survey is available in a separate .sav file. In addition, the questionnaires and codebooks (both in Ukrainian and English) for each wave are available in separate files.

Estimated coefficients for intentions to stay in Country of Arrival (a) and to return to Ukraine (b), average marginal effects.