Over 1.2 million refugees from Ukraine due to the Russian invasion fled to Germany as of January 2025. Furthermore, the second-highest number was recorded in Russia as of the end of 2024. In total, around 6.3 million Ukrainian refugees were registered across Europe and 6.8 million worldwide as of January 2025. Most of them fled the country by crossing the border with Poland. Ukrainian refugees in Germany As of January 2025, over 1.2 million refugees from Ukraine were recorded in Germany. The first increases in the number of Ukrainian refugees were registered in March and April 2022. At the end of January 2023, over one million refugees were officially counted by the authorities. Germany had the highest monthly financial allowance for Ukrainians who fled the war compared to other European countries as of June 2022. Temporary protection for Ukrainian refugees in the EU European Union (EU) members implemented the Temporary Protection Directive (TPD), which guaranteed access to accommodation, welfare, and healthcare to refugees from Ukraine. People fleeing the war had a right to a residence permit in the EU, enter the labor market, and enroll children in educational institutions. The protection is granted until March 4, 2026, but it can be extended in the future depending on the situation in the country.

Estonia and Czechia had the highest number of Ukrainian refugees per thousand inhabitants during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, at 41 as of mid-September 2022. Furthermore, Poland received 36 Ukrainian refugees per thousand residents.

Germany was estimated to have the highest total costs from taking in refugees from Ukraine due to the Russian invasion that started in February 2022, at approximately 35.4 billion euros as of December 2024. Poland, which ranked second, was one of the countries that took in the most refugees from Ukraine. Spain had the third-highest estimated refugee cost, at around 8.2 billion euros.

More than 6.8 million refugees from Ukraine were recorded worldwide as of January 16, 2025. Of them, 6.3 million, or approximately 92 percent, resided in Europe. Among European countries, Russia, Germany, and Poland took in the highest number of Ukrainian refugees.

Abstract

Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, many school-age Ukrainian refugees arrived in Europe, including in Italy, raising the need to protect their human capital and integrate them into new educational systems. Focusing on Italy, this survey aims to investigate how Ukrainian refugee children between 11 and 19 years old are adjusting to a foreign country, exploring the prevalence of factors that can hinder or facilitate their integration.

The World Bank, in collaboration with the Centro Studi di Politica Internazionale - CeSPI ETS (CeSPI), has collected survey data on Ukrainian refugees’ children and their caregivers between December 2023 and July 2024. The objective of the survey is to provide a detailed picture of the learning gaps and needs of forcibly displaced Ukrainian children in Italy.

The survey uses two main survey instruments: a caregiver questionnaire and a child questionnaire. The former is aimed to a person that can be identified as the adult (either formally or informally) responsible of the Ukrainian student in Italy, while the latter is administered to the each Ukrainian student individually.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Individual

Universe

The survey covered all 20 Italian regions

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Due to the impossibility to adopt a probabilistic sampling, survey respondents were primarily recruited by requesting contact information of caregivers of Ukrainian refugee students enrolled in Italian schools, as identified by student enrollment data provided by the Italian Ministry of Education.

Moreover, further contacts have been recruited through a series of organizations (327) that had previously assisted Ukrainian refugee children aged 11-19 years and by posting links and QR codes to access the questionnaires for children and caregivers on the UNHCR Italy's Telegram channel.

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

Research instrument

The World Bank Survey on Ukrainian refugees in Italy consists of two questionnaires for each category of respondent (the student and the related caregiver). The Student Questionnaire was administered to each Ukrainian student interviewed. The Caregiver Questionnaire was administered to eligible adult responsible (formally or informally) of the Ukrainian student(s) participating in the survey (the same caregiver is interviewed in case is identified as the responsible adult of more than one student participating in the survey).

The World Bank Survey on Ukrainian refugees in Italy Caregiver Questionnaire includes the following modules: Socio-demographic information; Employment in Italy; Displacement history; Dwelling; Access to information; Mobility; Brief Parental Self Efficacy Scale; Believes on child’s achievement and well-being; Financial services; Contact info; Social integration; Personal well-being; and Assistance.

The World Bank Survey on Ukrainian refugees in Italy Child Questionnaire includes the following modules: Socio-demographic information; Schooling history; Education aspirations; Schooling environment; Youth empowerment; Bullying; Growth mindset; Language skill; Social network; Personal well-being; and Assistance.

Response rate

The number of observations in the final sample is of 248 students and 362 caregivers interviewed.

Germany allocated the highest monthly amount of financial support per Ukrainian refugee in accommodation, at 449 euros per month as of June 2022. Ireland followed with 412 euros monthly. The lowest figure was recorded in Poland at slightly over 15 euros. In Luxembourg, which ranked first among European countries by gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the monthly allocation exceeded 255 euros.

Abstract

The 2024 Socio-Economic Insights Survey (SEIS) in Moldova, conducted by UNHCR in partnership with REACH, provides essential data on the needs of refugees and third-country nationals displaced from Ukraine. Building on the 2023 Multi-Sectoral Needs Assessment (MSNA), this household-level survey collected insights on protection, food security, education, livelihoods, health, and socio-economic inclusion to inform humanitarian planning and decision-making. A total of 622 in-person interviews were conducted across Moldova (excluding the Transnistrian region) between June 3 and July 12, 2024. The survey used purposive and respondent-assisted sampling to capture household and individual-level data on living conditions, access to services, and integration challenges. This anonymized dataset supports stakeholders in addressing the needs of displaced populations and promoting integration and access to essential services in Moldova.

Geographic coverage

Moldova

Analysis unit

Household

Universe

Households of Ukrainian refugees and third-country nationals displaced from Ukraine residing in Moldova

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample was selected using non-probability sampling, combining purposive sampling (to target key refugee and third-country national populations) and respondent-assisted sampling (to reach households within these groups). The sampling frame included Ukrainian refugees and third-country nationals displaced from Ukraine across Moldova, excluding the Transnistrian region.

Since this is a non-probability sample, findings are indicative of trends among surveyed populations but are not statistically representative of all refugees and displaced persons in Moldova.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face interview

Research instrument

Key topics covered include protection, gender-based violence, mental health, socio-economic status, health, accommodation, food security, education, social cohesion, and access to humanitarian aid.

Abstract

To ensure the centrality of refugees’ voices in discussions about their future, as well as to inform evidence-based inter-agency responses in support of host Governments, UNHCR is leading the regular implementation of intentions surveys with refugees from Ukraine, collecting primary data on their profiles, their current situation and intentions, and the factors influencing their decision-making.

The first and second regional intentions surveys were completed and the report published in July 2022 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94176) and September 2022 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95767). This data was collected during the third round, conducted between December 2022 and January 2023. The survey covered refugees hosted in countries in Europe. In addition, the third round included a longitudinal sample of refugees surveyed in both the second and third rounds. The report was published in Februrary 2023 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99072).

A mixed methodological approach was used, combining two data collection modes. Around 3,900 refugee households (2,100 from countries neighboring Ukraine and 1,800 from other host countries) were interviewed either through a phone-based survey, web-based survey or face-to-face interview. A total of 887 households participated in both the second and third round (longitudinal sample). All surveys used a harmonized questionnaire.

This data is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

Geographic coverage

Europe

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

Refugees from Ukraine

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The target number of respondents per country is 500 individuals, representing one household unit/registration group per interview. The study is designed so that only one member of each household/registration group is interviewed. One member of each household was selected from UNHCR database. To compensate for nonresponse, an oversampling factor of 6 was applied, i.e. 3,000 contacts were provided for reaching the targeted 500 respondents, in each country. Longitudinal participants, who in the previous wave agreed to be reinterviewed (1,345 respondents overall, see table above), were sampled by certainty in the current wave. They were amended with fresh sample from the total universe, discounting units that in the previous wave were refusing to participate or declined the request to be recontacted. All other units were part of the eligible universe the “fresh” sample was selected from. The sample was implicitly stratified based on two variables: registration group structure and time of arrival to the host country. The group structure dimension considers the following three categories: single adults, adults with children, and multiple adults without children. Time of arrival segments were retained from previous wave (those arrived in Feb-Mar 2022 and those arrived Apr-Aug 2022), adding a third segment for those who arrived since the previous wave survey, in the September- November period

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

Abstract

This dataset is a part of UNHCR's comprehensive survey series, focusing on the intentions and perspectives of Ukrainian refugees in Switzerland. Conducted in collaboration with Ipsos, the survey encompasses responses from 1,125 households, representing over 2,800 refugees. Utilizing a stratified probability sampling method, the survey targeted 10,000 refugees aged 18 and above with protection status in Switzerland, randomly selected from the SEM’s database. The dataset provides in-depth insights into refugees' socio-economic situations, profiles, intentions, and the factors influencing their decisions. This rigorous approach ensures that the sample is representative of the Ukrainian refugee population in Switzerland, with a maximum margin of error of about ±3.3%. This valuable resource is instrumental for stakeholders in shaping effective advocacy, programming, and policy decisions to support the refugee population. Weights were applied to the data for household composition, time of arrival, and linguistic region, based on available population statistics, to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the refugees' circumstances.

Geographic coverage

Country

Analysis unit

Household

Universe

Refugees Returnees Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) Host Communities

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The survey's sampling procedure involved a stratified probability approach, selecting a random sample of 10,000 Ukrainian refugees aged 18+ with protection status S from the SEM’s database in Switzerland, ensuring representation across various household types, arrival times, and linguistic regions.

Mode of data collection

Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based

Research instrument

Income, food consumption, expenditures, assets, community relations, wellbeing, resilience, mental health, health, accommodation, protection, and education

Ukraine UA: Refugee Population: by Country or Territory of Asylum data was reported at 3,252.000 Person in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3,273.000 Person for 2015. Ukraine UA: Refugee Population: by Country or Territory of Asylum data is updated yearly, averaging 3,176.000 Person from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2016, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,334.000 Person in 2009 and a record low of 2,275.000 Person in 2006. Ukraine UA: Refugee Population: by Country or Territory of Asylum data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ukraine – Table UA.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Refugees are people who are recognized as refugees under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol, the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, people recognized as refugees in accordance with the UNHCR statute, people granted refugee-like humanitarian status, and people provided temporary protection. Asylum seekers--people who have applied for asylum or refugee status and who have not yet received a decision or who are registered as asylum seekers--are excluded. Palestinian refugees are people (and their descendants) whose residence was Palestine between June 1946 and May 1948 and who lost their homes and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict. Country of asylum is the country where an asylum claim was filed and granted.; ; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Statistics Database, Statistical Yearbook and data files, complemented by statistics on Palestinian refugees under the mandate of the UNRWA as published on its website. Data from UNHCR are available online at: www.unhcr.org/en-us/figures-at-a-glance.html.; Sum;

Abstract

This survey is part of UNHCR’s intention survey series for refugees from Ukraine across Europe. It was conducted in Austria to gather data on the situation and intentions of Ukrainian refugees, including their profiles, decision-making reasons, and socio-economic conditions. The survey aims to inform advocacy, programming, and decision-making by stakeholders. A total of 553 households, representing over 1,500 refugees, participated in the online survey conducted between mid-January and mid-March 2023.

Geographic coverage

Country

Analysis unit

Household

Universe

Refugees from Ukraine

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The 2023 Survey of Intentions and Perspectives of Refugees from Ukraine in Austria employed a non-probability, respondent-assisted sampling method. Refugees residing in Austria were invited to participate through social media platforms and messaging apps, including Facebook and Telegram. Civil society moderators with connections to UNHCR shared the survey link within relevant online groups used by the Ukrainian refugee community. Participants were encouraged to complete a self-administered, web-based questionnaire, available between January 15 and March 12, 2023. In total, 553 household-level surveys were completed, providing information on over 1,500 refugees. To account for demographic representativeness, weights based on gender and age were applied using the latest available refugee population statistics from the Austrian government (as of March 2023). The sample is not statistically representative of the entire Ukrainian refugee population in Austria but offers indicative insights into their socio-economic situation and intentions.

Mode of data collection

Self-administered questionnaire (web-based)

Research instrument

Income, food consumption, expenditures, assets, community relations, wellbeing, resilience, mental health, health, accommodation, protection, and education

Response rate

A total of 553 surveys were completed. The survey provided insights into more than 1,500 individuals living within these households.

Poland was estimated to have the highest total costs of taking in Ukrainian refugees in terms of housing, education, and health care, at nearly 8.4 billion euros as of October 2022. The country spent the most on providing accommodation, at over 6.2 billion euros. Germany had the highest health-related costs, at approximately 1.4 billion euros.

According to a survey conducted in February 2022, three quarters of respondents in Romania were willing to help refugees fleeing from Ukraine. Out of the surveyed countries, the lowest figure was recorded in France, where one in two people expressed their intention to assist refugees. The most common form of support was to donate blankets, food, and hygiene items.

Abstract

This survey is part of a broader regional data collection effort across RRP countries, with a harmonized design to identify the most pressing needs of Ukrainian refugees in sectors such as protection, health, education, accommodation, and livelihoods. The SEIS is the direct successor of the Multi-Sector Needs Assessment (MSNA) conducted in Hungary and across the region in the past two years (2022 Hungary MSNA, 2023 Hungary MSNA). The 2024 Hungary SEIS was funded by UNHCR's Representation for Central Europe and developed in the RCF with contributions from partners and working group members. Scale Research carried out the data collection between May and June 2024, surveying 795 households, representing 1,824 household members among the refugee population from Ukraine. The survey included multi-sectoral questions at both individual and household levels.

Geographic coverage

Hungary

Analysis unit

Household

Universe

Ukrainian refugee households in Hungary

Sampling procedure

Non-probability: Availability sampling due to limitations in updated refugee contact details. Data is therefore indicative, not statistically representative.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Key topics covered include protection, gender-based violence, mental health, socio-economic status, health, accommodation, food security, education, social cohesion, and access to humanitarian aid.

Occupational status and type of economic activity.

To strengthen and promote an evidence-based protection response, UNHCR and its partners implemented a protection profiling and monitoring exercise in Europe starting in May 2022 to regularly collect and analyze data about the profiles, protection risks, and needs of refugees from Ukraine and monitor changes over time. The exercise covered the following countries that received refugees from Ukraine: Belarus, Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Moldova, Poland, Romania and Slovakia.

The protection profiling and monitoring involved household-level interviews conducted at border crossing points, reception and transit centres, collective sites, and assistance points in major cities using a structured questionnaire. Trained enumerators from UNHCR and partners collected data digitally using the Kobo Toolbox. While respondents were randomly selected to reduce bias, the sample is considered a non-probability sample and results should be considered indicative, meaning they cannot be extrapolated to the population of refugees from Ukraine. The result reflects the refugees' situation at the time of data collection.

The first round of data collection took place between May and Nov 2022. The focus of the first round was general profiling of Ukraine refugees and their needs, as well as key issues during the intial phase of the crisis such as family separation, etc.

In October 2022, a new questionnaire was rolled out, shifting towards exploring longer-term issues in host countries such as access to health care, education, etc. The second round took place between Oct 2022 and 15 Feb 2023. overlapping slightly with the first round, however the datasets are not comparable due to the change in the questionnaire. The third round employed the same questionnaire as the second, and took place between 16 Feb and 30 Jun 2023.

This dataset is the anonymous version of the data that was collected during the third round. It includes 21,340 household interviews. Data from the following countries are new to this round: Czechia, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

The data from the first round is also available on the Microdata Library as a separate dataset for each country where the exercise took place.

Information about asylum applications lodged in 38 European and 6 non-European countries. Data are broken down by month and origin. Where possible, figures exclude repeat/re-opened asylum applications and applications lodged on appeal or with courts. For some countries, the monthly data are available since 1999 while for others at a later period.

This comprehensive dataset provides invaluable insights into the evolving protection needs and integration challenges facing Ukrainian refugees several months into displacement in major host countries. It contains the results of 17,708 household interviews conducted by UNHCR and partners between October 2022 and February 15, 2023 across 5 key reception countries: Hungary, Republic of Moldova, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia.

The interviews were carried out through rigorous random sampling at strategically selected locations including border crossings, reception and transit centers, collective sites, and assistance points in major cities. The questionnaire was redesigned for this second round to focus on pressing longer-term issues like healthcare, education, employment, housing, and local integration.

While the sampling provides indicative findings only due to the non-probability approach, the dataset offers a rich evidence base to inform policy and programming. By comparing results over time with the first round (May-November 2022), researchers can analyze trends in refugees' situations, vulnerabilities, coping mechanisms, and unmet needs several months into displacement.

The data collection was part of UNHCR's comprehensive protection profiling and monitoring exercise implemented since May 2022 to regularly gather insights into Ukrainian refugees' evolving profiles, risks, and needs. Detailed methodology documentation is provided to support proper interpretation and ethical utilization of the data.

United States Immigrants Admitted: Ukraine data was reported at 10,135.000 Person in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 10,422.000 Person for 2016. United States Immigrants Admitted: Ukraine data is updated yearly, averaging 11,428.000 Person from Sep 1992 (Median) to 2017, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22,745.000 Person in 2005 and a record low of 7,444.000 Person in 1998. United States Immigrants Admitted: Ukraine data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Homeland Security. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.G087: Immigration.

Sweden Number of Immigrants: Male: Ukraine data was reported at 401.000 Person in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 255.000 Person for 2016. Sweden Number of Immigrants: Male: Ukraine data is updated yearly, averaging 172.500 Person from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2017, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 401.000 Person in 2017 and a record low of 82.000 Person in 2005. Sweden Number of Immigrants: Male: Ukraine data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics Sweden. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sweden – Table SE.G009: Number of Immigrants: by Sex and Country.