Over 1.2 million refugees from Ukraine due to the Russian invasion fled to Germany as of April 2025. Furthermore, the second-highest number was recorded in Poland. In total, around 5.1 million Ukrainian refugees were registered across Europe and 5.6 million worldwide as of May 2025. Most of them fled the country by crossing the border with Poland. Ukrainian refugees in Germany The first increases in the number of Ukrainian refugees in Germany were registered in March and April 2022. The figure exceeded one million refugees in September of that year. Germany had the highest monthly financial allowance for Ukrainians who fled the war compared to other European countries as of June 2022. Temporary protection for Ukrainian refugees in the EU European Union (EU) members implemented the Temporary Protection Directive (TPD), which guaranteed access to accommodation, welfare, and healthcare to refugees from Ukraine. People fleeing the war had a right to a residence permit in the EU, enter the labor market, and enroll children in educational institutions. The protection is granted until March 4, 2026, but it can be extended in the future depending on the situation in the country.

In 2025, over *********** refugees from Ukraine have crossed the Polish border. The largest number on March 6, 2022 — more than ******* people.The Government Security Center informs refugees from Ukraine about the possibility of taking refuge in Poland. Due to the Russian attack, as of Thursday, February 24, Ukrainians can cross the border without documents. These individuals are also exempt from the coronavirus (COVID-19) quarantine. According to the government's decision, all citizens of Ukraine can cross the border, even those who do not have any identity documents. This also applies to people whose papers are invalid or incomplete. In this case, to enter Poland, the consent of the Commander of the Border Guard is sufficient, which is given during the border crossing. Such a permit is issued for a stay of up to 15 days. After 15 days, the refugees will decide whether to stay in Poland or return to Ukraine if the situation there normalizes.People traveling with animals do not need to have proof of vaccination, and the animal itself does not need to be microchipped.Border services have also set up reception points at border crossings. Those who do not have a guaranteed place to stay in Poland can seek help there. At these points, refugees are provided temporary accommodation in Poland, a hot meal, a drink, basic medical care, and a resting place.Citizens of Ukraine can travel free of charge in class 2 on TLK and IC national economy trains. The passage takes place based on a passport confirming Ukrainian citizenship. Travelers will receive a free ticket.

More than 5.6 million refugees from Ukraine were recorded worldwide as of May 31, 2025. Of them, 5.1 million, or approximately 91 percent, resided in Europe. Among European countries, Germany and Poland had the most Ukrainian refugees.

This dataset is a part of UNHCR's comprehensive survey series, focusing on the intentions and perspectives of Ukrainian refugees in Switzerland. Conducted in collaboration with Ipsos, the survey encompasses responses from 1,125 households, representing over 2,800 refugees. Utilizing a stratified probability sampling method, the survey targeted 10,000 refugees aged 18 and above with protection status in Switzerland, randomly selected from the SEM’s database. The dataset provides in-depth insights into refugees' socio-economic situations, profiles, intentions, and the factors influencing their decisions. This rigorous approach ensures that the sample is representative of the Ukrainian refugee population in Switzerland, with a maximum margin of error of about ±3.3%. This valuable resource is instrumental for stakeholders in shaping effective advocacy, programming, and policy decisions to support the refugee population. Weights were applied to the data for household composition, time of arrival, and linguistic region, based on available population statistics, to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the refugees' circumstances.

Ukraine UA: Refugee Population: by Country or Territory of Origin data was reported at 139,561.000 Person in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 239,075.000 Person for 2016. Ukraine UA: Refugee Population: by Country or Territory of Origin data is updated yearly, averaging 25,317.500 Person from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2017, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 321,418.000 Person in 2015 and a record low of 38.000 Person in 1992. Ukraine UA: Refugee Population: by Country or Territory of Origin data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ukraine – Table UA.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Refugees are people who are recognized as refugees under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol, the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, people recognized as refugees in accordance with the UNHCR statute, people granted refugee-like humanitarian status, and people provided temporary protection. Asylum seekers--people who have applied for asylum or refugee status and who have not yet received a decision or who are registered as asylum seekers--are excluded. Palestinian refugees are people (and their descendants) whose residence was Palestine between June 1946 and May 1948 and who lost their homes and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict. Country of origin generally refers to the nationality or country of citizenship of a claimant.; ; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Statistics Database, Statistical Yearbook and data files, complemented by statistics on Palestinian refugees under the mandate of the UNRWA as published on its website. Data from UNHCR are available online at: www.unhcr.org/en-us/figures-at-a-glance.html.; Sum;

Germany was estimated to have the highest total costs from taking in refugees from Ukraine due to the Russian invasion that started in February 2022, at approximately 36.6 billion euros as of February 2025. Poland, which ranked second, was one of the countries that took in the most refugees from Ukraine. Spain had the third-highest estimated refugee cost, at around 8.6 billion euros.

Abstract

Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, many school-age Ukrainian refugees arrived in Europe, including in Italy, raising the need to protect their human capital and integrate them into new educational systems. Focusing on Italy, this survey aims to investigate how Ukrainian refugee children between 11 and 19 years old are adjusting to a foreign country, exploring the prevalence of factors that can hinder or facilitate their integration.

The World Bank, in collaboration with the Centro Studi di Politica Internazionale - CeSPI ETS (CeSPI), has collected survey data on Ukrainian refugees’ children and their caregivers between December 2023 and July 2024. The objective of the survey is to provide a detailed picture of the learning gaps and needs of forcibly displaced Ukrainian children in Italy.

The survey uses two main survey instruments: a caregiver questionnaire and a child questionnaire. The former is aimed to a person that can be identified as the adult (either formally or informally) responsible of the Ukrainian student in Italy, while the latter is administered to the each Ukrainian student individually.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Individual

Universe

The survey covered all 20 Italian regions

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Due to the impossibility to adopt a probabilistic sampling, survey respondents were primarily recruited by requesting contact information of caregivers of Ukrainian refugee students enrolled in Italian schools, as identified by student enrollment data provided by the Italian Ministry of Education.

Moreover, further contacts have been recruited through a series of organizations (327) that had previously assisted Ukrainian refugee children aged 11-19 years and by posting links and QR codes to access the questionnaires for children and caregivers on the UNHCR Italy's Telegram channel.

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

Research instrument

The World Bank Survey on Ukrainian refugees in Italy consists of two questionnaires for each category of respondent (the student and the related caregiver). The Student Questionnaire was administered to each Ukrainian student interviewed. The Caregiver Questionnaire was administered to eligible adult responsible (formally or informally) of the Ukrainian student(s) participating in the survey (the same caregiver is interviewed in case is identified as the responsible adult of more than one student participating in the survey).

The World Bank Survey on Ukrainian refugees in Italy Caregiver Questionnaire includes the following modules: Socio-demographic information; Employment in Italy; Displacement history; Dwelling; Access to information; Mobility; Brief Parental Self Efficacy Scale; Believes on child’s achievement and well-being; Financial services; Contact info; Social integration; Personal well-being; and Assistance.

The World Bank Survey on Ukrainian refugees in Italy Child Questionnaire includes the following modules: Socio-demographic information; Schooling history; Education aspirations; Schooling environment; Youth empowerment; Bullying; Growth mindset; Language skill; Social network; Personal well-being; and Assistance.

Response rate

The number of observations in the final sample is of 248 students and 362 caregivers interviewed.

Abstract

This survey is part of UNHCR’s intention survey series for refugees from Ukraine across Europe. It was conducted in Austria to gather data on the situation and intentions of Ukrainian refugees, including their profiles, decision-making reasons, and socio-economic conditions. The survey aims to inform advocacy, programming, and decision-making by stakeholders. A total of 553 households, representing over 1,500 refugees, participated in the online survey conducted between mid-January and mid-March 2023.

Geographic coverage

Country

Analysis unit

Household

Universe

Refugees from Ukraine

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The 2023 Survey of Intentions and Perspectives of Refugees from Ukraine in Austria employed a non-probability, respondent-assisted sampling method. Refugees residing in Austria were invited to participate through social media platforms and messaging apps, including Facebook and Telegram. Civil society moderators with connections to UNHCR shared the survey link within relevant online groups used by the Ukrainian refugee community. Participants were encouraged to complete a self-administered, web-based questionnaire, available between January 15 and March 12, 2023. In total, 553 household-level surveys were completed, providing information on over 1,500 refugees. To account for demographic representativeness, weights based on gender and age were applied using the latest available refugee population statistics from the Austrian government (as of March 2023). The sample is not statistically representative of the entire Ukrainian refugee population in Austria but offers indicative insights into their socio-economic situation and intentions.

Mode of data collection

Self-administered questionnaire (web-based)

Research instrument

Income, food consumption, expenditures, assets, community relations, wellbeing, resilience, mental health, health, accommodation, protection, and education

Response rate

A total of 553 surveys were completed. The survey provided insights into more than 1,500 individuals living within these households.

Abstract

This UNHCR dataset, developed in partnership with Ipsos SA, provides an in-depth analysis of the intentions and circumstances of Ukrainian refugees in Austria, based on data collected from January to March 2023. The survey, which includes responses from 553 households representing over 1,500 refugees, offers a detailed look at the socio-economic status, decision-making processes, and future plans of these individuals. Gathered via an online questionnaire distributed through social media and messaging apps, the data is carefully anonymized, ensuring privacy while maintaining a representative demographic profile in line with the latest Austrian government statistics. This dataset is a valuable asset in the Microdata Library, offering crucial insights for stakeholders engaged in refugee support and policy-making in Austria.

Analysis unit

Household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling for this survey employed a non-probability, respondent-assisted approach, reaching 553 refugee households in Austria through an online questionnaire disseminated via social media and messaging platforms.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Income, food consumption, expenditures, assets, community relations, wellbeing, resilience, mental health, health, accommodation, protection, and education

Abstract

This dataset represents the findings from the UNHCR's survey on the intentions and perspectives of Ukrainian refugees in Croatia, conducted in May 2023 in collaboration with Ipsos SA. It comprises data from 506 households, translating to information about approximately 1,400 refugees. The survey, administered online and targeted at refugees affected by the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, aims to shed light on their current situation, future intentions, decision-making reasons, and socio-economic status. This valuable data, collected through social media and instant messaging platforms, is critical for informing advocacy, programming, and decision-making by various stakeholders. To ensure representativeness, age and gender weighting was applied, using the latest EUROSTAT population figures. This dataset provides an essential baseline for understanding the needs and aspirations of Ukrainian refugees in Croatia, aiding in the development of targeted support and policy-making.

Analysis unit

Household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling for this survey utilized a non-probability, respondent-assisted method, reaching out to 506 Ukrainian refugee households in Croatia through an online questionnaire disseminated via social media and instant messaging platforms.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Income, food consumption, expenditures, assets, community relations, wellbeing, resilience, mental health, health, accommodation, protection, and education

After Russia started its invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, approximately ** million border crossings from Ukraine to other countries were recorded as of December 2024. Most of the refugees fled to Poland. More than *** million refugees from Ukraine were recorded in Europe as of December 16, 2024.

This data collection contains updated data from the fourth survey wave conducted in November-December 2024 by the Centre for Economic Strategy (CES) as well as a report with the general findings of the latest survey. The data provides information about Ukrainian refugees who fled abroad due to the full-scale Russian invasion and their socio-demographic profile, their integration into the host country and their intentions for the future.

The sample size was 1000 people. The telephone numbers were randomly selected among Kyivstar and Vodafone subscribers who were abroad at the time of the survey. Representativeness was ensured through geographical quotas for the distribution of Ukrainians abroad based on data from the European Statistical Office, as well as official data on the number of Ukrainians who have moved to the UK, Canada and the United States. Recruitment and surveys did not include Ukrainians in Russia or Belarus.

The data from three previous waves of surveys (November-December 2022, April-May 2023, December 2023-January 2024), published as version 1.0 of this dataset, is also included in this data collection.

All four waves of the survey were conducted by the research agency “Info Sapiens”, were commissioned by the Centre for Economic Strategy and funded by the International Renaissance Foundation.

Each wave of the survey is available in a separate .sav file. In addition, the questionnaires and codebooks (both in Ukrainian and English) for each wave are available in separate files.

This version (v1.2) is a slighty updated version of v1.1, in which variables were renamed for convenience and now also correspond to question numbers in the codebook.

Experiences of Homes for Ukraine scheme sponsors who house those fleeing conflict in Ukraine: Homes for Ukraine Sponsor Survey. Experimental Statistics.

Ukraine UA: Refugee Population: by Country or Territory of Asylum data was reported at 3,252.000 Person in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3,273.000 Person for 2015. Ukraine UA: Refugee Population: by Country or Territory of Asylum data is updated yearly, averaging 3,176.000 Person from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2016, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,334.000 Person in 2009 and a record low of 2,275.000 Person in 2006. Ukraine UA: Refugee Population: by Country or Territory of Asylum data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ukraine – Table UA.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Refugees are people who are recognized as refugees under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol, the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, people recognized as refugees in accordance with the UNHCR statute, people granted refugee-like humanitarian status, and people provided temporary protection. Asylum seekers--people who have applied for asylum or refugee status and who have not yet received a decision or who are registered as asylum seekers--are excluded. Palestinian refugees are people (and their descendants) whose residence was Palestine between June 1946 and May 1948 and who lost their homes and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict. Country of asylum is the country where an asylum claim was filed and granted.; ; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Statistics Database, Statistical Yearbook and data files, complemented by statistics on Palestinian refugees under the mandate of the UNRWA as published on its website. Data from UNHCR are available online at: www.unhcr.org/en-us/figures-at-a-glance.html.; Sum;

Abstract

To ensure the centrality of refugees’ voices in discussions about their future, as well as to inform evidence-based inter-agency responses in support of host Governments, UNHCR is leading the regular implementation of intentions surveys with refugees from Ukraine, collecting primary data on their profiles, their current situation and intentions, and the factors influencing their decision-making.

The first and second regional intentions surveys were completed and the report published in July 2022 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94176) and September 2022 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95767). This data was collected during the third round, conducted between December 2022 and January 2023. The survey covered refugees hosted in countries in Europe. In addition, the third round included a longitudinal sample of refugees surveyed in both the second and third rounds. The report was published in Februrary 2023 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99072).

A mixed methodological approach was used, combining two data collection modes. Around 3,900 refugee households (2,100 from countries neighboring Ukraine and 1,800 from other host countries) were interviewed either through a phone-based survey, web-based survey or face-to-face interview. A total of 887 households participated in both the second and third round (longitudinal sample). All surveys used a harmonized questionnaire.

This data is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

Geographic coverage

Europe

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

Refugees from Ukraine

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The target number of respondents per country is 500 individuals, representing one household unit/registration group per interview. The study is designed so that only one member of each household/registration group is interviewed. One member of each household was selected from UNHCR database. To compensate for nonresponse, an oversampling factor of 6 was applied, i.e. 3,000 contacts were provided for reaching the targeted 500 respondents, in each country. Longitudinal participants, who in the previous wave agreed to be reinterviewed (1,345 respondents overall, see table above), were sampled by certainty in the current wave. They were amended with fresh sample from the total universe, discounting units that in the previous wave were refusing to participate or declined the request to be recontacted. All other units were part of the eligible universe the “fresh” sample was selected from. The sample was implicitly stratified based on two variables: registration group structure and time of arrival to the host country. The group structure dimension considers the following three categories: single adults, adults with children, and multiple adults without children. Time of arrival segments were retained from previous wave (those arrived in Feb-Mar 2022 and those arrived Apr-Aug 2022), adding a third segment for those who arrived since the previous wave survey, in the September- November period

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

This dataset provides replication data for article "Ukrainian refugees struggling to integrate into Czech school social networks". The dataset contains "Supplementary Table S1" with student ids, gender (0 = female, 1 = male), and ethnicity (0 = Czech, 1 = Ukrainian), and with adjacency matrices denoting existence of friendship/exclusion ties between the students. The dataset further contains "Supplementary Table S2" with full description of the effects used and "Supplementary Table S3" with goodness of fit statistics.

This data collection contains updated data from the fourth survey wave conducted in November-December 2024 by the Centre for Economic Strategy (CES) as well as a report with the general findings of the latest survey. The data provides information about Ukrainian refugees who fled abroad due to the full-scale Russian invasion and their socio-demographic profile, their integration into the host country and their intentions for the future.

The sample size was 1000 people. The telephone numbers were randomly selected among Kyivstar and Vodafone subscribers who were abroad at the time of the survey. Representativeness was ensured through geographical quotas for the distribution of Ukrainians abroad based on data from the European Statistical Office, as well as official data on the number of Ukrainians who have moved to the UK, Canada and the United States. Recruitment and surveys did not include Ukrainians in Russia or Belarus.

The data from three previous waves of surveys (November-December 2022, April-May 2023, December 2023-January 2024), published as version 1.0 of this dataset, is also included in this data collection.

All four waves of the survey were conducted by the research agency "Info Sapiens", were commissioned by the Centre for Economic Strategy and funded by the International Renaissance Foundation.

Each wave of the survey is available in a separate .sav file. In addition, the questionnaires and codebooks (both in Ukrainian and English) for each wave are available in separate files.

Abstract

This dataset presents findings from Protection Profiling and Monitoring conducted by UNHCR and partners between October 2023 and April 2024 across Belarus, Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. The objective of this regional exercise is to strengthen evidence-based protection responses by regularly collecting and analyzing data on the demographics, protection risks, legal needs, displacement patterns, and basic needs of refugees from Ukraine. Data was gathered through household-level interviews conducted face-to-face at border crossing points, reception and transit centers, collective sites, and assistance locations in major cities. The structured questionnaire was administered by trained enumerators from UNHCR and partner organizations using digital data collection tools. Although respondents were selected to reduce bias, the sample follows a non-probability design and results should be interpreted as indicative rather than statistically representative of the refugee population.

Geographic coverage

Belarus, Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic

Analysis unit

Household

Universe

Refugees from Ukraine present in Europe.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Households were randomly sampled at border crossing points, reception and transit centers, collective sites, and assistance points in major cities. While households were randomly sampled, the sample is considered non-probability.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Structured questionnaire covering demographics, displacement history, protection risks, legal needs, services, and feedback on humanitarian assistance.

Abstract

This survey is part of a broader regional data collection effort across RRP countries, with a harmonized design to identify the most pressing needs of Ukrainian refugees in sectors such as protection, health, education, accommodation, and livelihoods. The SEIS is the direct successor of the Multi-Sector Needs Assessment (MSNA) conducted in Hungary and across the region in the past two years (2022 Hungary MSNA, 2023 Hungary MSNA). The 2024 Hungary SEIS was funded by UNHCR's Representation for Central Europe and developed in the RCF with contributions from partners and working group members. Scale Research carried out the data collection between May and June 2024, surveying 795 households, representing 1,824 household members among the refugee population from Ukraine. The survey included multi-sectoral questions at both individual and household levels.

Geographic coverage

Hungary

Analysis unit

Household

Universe

Ukrainian refugee households in Hungary

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Non-probability: Availability sampling due to limitations in updated refugee contact details. Data is therefore indicative, not statistically representative.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Key topics covered include protection, gender-based violence, mental health, socio-economic status, health, accommodation, food security, education, social cohesion, and access to humanitarian aid.

Abstract

The 2024 Socio-Economic Insights Survey (SEIS) in Moldova, conducted by UNHCR in partnership with REACH, provides essential data on the needs of refugees and third-country nationals displaced from Ukraine. Building on the 2023 Multi-Sectoral Needs Assessment (MSNA), this household-level survey collected insights on protection, food security, education, livelihoods, health, and socio-economic inclusion to inform humanitarian planning and decision-making. A total of 622 in-person interviews were conducted across Moldova (excluding the Transnistrian region) between June 3 and July 12, 2024. The survey used purposive and respondent-assisted sampling to capture household and individual-level data on living conditions, access to services, and integration challenges. This anonymized dataset supports stakeholders in addressing the needs of displaced populations and promoting integration and access to essential services in Moldova.

Geographic coverage

Moldova

Analysis unit

Household

Universe

Households of Ukrainian refugees and third-country nationals displaced from Ukraine residing in Moldova

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample was selected using non-probability sampling, combining purposive sampling (to target key refugee and third-country national populations) and respondent-assisted sampling (to reach households within these groups). The sampling frame included Ukrainian refugees and third-country nationals displaced from Ukraine across Moldova, excluding the Transnistrian region.

 Since this is a non-probability sample, findings are indicative of trends among surveyed populations but are not statistically representative of all refugees and displaced persons in Moldova.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face interview

Research instrument

Key topics covered include protection, gender-based violence, mental health, socio-economic status, health, accommodation, food security, education, social cohesion, and access to humanitarian aid.