In January 2022, it was estimated that about 1.85 million male illegal immigrants living in the United States were aged between 35 and 44 years old. In that same year, it was estimated that 1.52 million female illegal immigrants living in the U.S. were between 35 and 44 years old.

In 2022, an estimated 10.99 million unauthorized immigrants were living in the United States. This is an increase from about 3.5 million unauthorized immigrants who lived in the United States in 1990.

Abstract (en): Transatlantic Trends: Immigration, 2009 examined attitudes and policy preferences related to immigration in Europe, Canada, and the United States. The survey concentrated on issues such as: general perceptions of immigration and immigrants, perceptions of legal and illegal immigrants, the impact of immigration on society, admittance of immigrants, immigration policies, immigration and integration, decision-making level, socio-political rights, welfare, government evaluation and number of immigrants, interaction with immigrants, and economic crisis. In addition, a list experiment was implemented in this survey. Several questions were also asked pertaining to voting and politics including vote intention, political party attachment, whether candidate parties' agendas on immigration will influence their vote, and left-right political self-placement. Demographic and other background information includes age, gender, ethnicity, citizenship, origin of birth (personal and parental), religious affiliation, age when stopped full-time education and stage at which full-time education was completed, occupation, type of locality, region of residence, and language of interview. Please refer to the "Technical Note" in the ICPSR codebook for further information about weighting. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Created online analysis version with question text.; Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. Response Rates: The total response rate for all countries surveyed is 13 percent. Please refer to the "Technical Note" in the ICPSR codebook for additional information about response rate. The adult population aged 18 years and over, with access to a landline telephone in eight countries: Canada, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and the United States. Smallest Geographic Unit: country (1) Stratified multi-stage random sampling (3 steps selection) was implemented. Sampling points were selected according to region and urbanization, and then random routes were conducted within these sampling points. (2) Random-digit dialing was implemented in all countries. Up to eight callbacks were used for each telephone number. The closest birthday rule was used to randomly select respondents within a household. computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI)The original data collection was carried out by TNS Opinion and Social -- Brussels, on request of the German Marshall Fund of the United States.The documentation and/or setup files may contain references to Poland, but Poland was not a participant in this Transatlantic Trends: Immigration survey. This collection contains no data for Poland.A split ballot was used for questions Q6, Q8, Q15, Q19, and Q25 in this survey. The variables Q6_SPLIT, Q8_SPLIT, Q15_SPLIT, Q19_SPLIT, and Q25_SPLIT define the separate groups for each of these questions. Additional information on the Transatlantic Trends Survey is provided on the Transatlantic Trends Web site.

The aim of the Transatlantic Trends Survey is to identify the attitudes of the public in the United States and European countries towards foreign policy issues and transatlantic issues. Transatlantic Trends: Immigration, a special topic public opinion survey conducted yearly since 2008, is a project of the German Marshall Fund of the United States. For 2011, the Immigration survey examined attitudes and policy preferences related to immigration in France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This collection focused on respondent perceptions of legal and illegal immigrants, conditions for admittance of immigrants, level of support for policies to reduce immigration, preconditions for citizenship, and whether or not immigration enriched society. Respondents were asked to identify the most important issues facing their country, to evaluate their government's performance in managing immigration and the economy, whether immigration presented a national opportunity or a problem, and whether they believed immigrants were integrating well into society. Additional topics included the developments in North Africa and the Middle East, responsibility for displaced refugees coming from North Africa, and whether the respondent's nation should offer economic aid to countries committed to democracy. Lastly, respondents were asked about which political party they identified with, their voting intentions in the next national election, and whether political party agendas would influence their vote. Demographic and other background information includes gender, age, stage at which full-time education was completed, age when stopped full-time education, employment status, ethnic background, country of birth, citizenship, parents' citizenship status, type of phone line, ownership of a mobile phone, and the number of people in their household.

• Nationality of the person interviewed.
• Assessment of the protection offered by the State to different groups.
• Definition of immigration.
• Origin of immigrants that is most immediately thought of.
• Assessment of the number of immigrants currently in Spain.
• Scale of importance (0-10) of different aspects to allow the entry of an immigrant to Spain.
• More appropriate policy regarding the regularisation of illegal immigrants and asylum seekers.
• Degree of tolerance of the laws regulating the entry of immigrants into Spain.
• Rating scale (0-10) of the coexistence in Spanish society of people from different countries, cultures, religions and skin color.
• Treatment of foreign immigrants by Spaniards and factor influencing treatment .
• Treatment of foreign immigrants to Spaniards.
• Positioning before the rights that stable and legal immigrants should have.
• Degree according to phrases on health care and education and immigrants.
• Assessment of the compensation received by immigrants for what they contribute.
• Positive and negative aspects of immigration.
• Permissiveness with cultural and religious aspects of immigrants.
• Degree of contribution of immigrants to the enrichment of Spanish culture.
• Degree according to phrases about the world of work and immigrants in Spain.
• Degree of approval of situations resulting from the relationship between immigrants and natives.
• Positive/negative assessment of immigration to Spain.
• Acceptance of different types of relationships with immigrants, Roma and other religions.
• Presence of immigrants among their neighbors, co-workers or students, friends and relatives.
• Presence of Roma people among their neighbours, co-workers or students, friends or relatives.
• Presence of people of other religions among their neighbors, co-workers or students, friends and relatives.
• Sympathy/antipathy towards different groups of immigrants. Reason for antipathy towards different groups of immigrants.
• Assessment of violent actions of immigrants against Spaniards as a problem.
• Frequency of violent actions against immigrants. Punishment of citizens who utter racist insults or express opinions in public that incite xenophobia, racism and intolerance.
• Degree of acceptance of a racist party in Spain.
• Origin and perception of comments against immigrants.
• Degree of attention paid in the media to the issue of immigration and assessment conveyed by the media.
• Confidence scale (0-10) in people.
• Scale of racism (0-10).
• Ideological self-location scale (0-10).
• Voter turnout and recall in the 2011 general election.
• Possession of children of non-university school age and type of school in which they study.
• Type of health service, public or private, used.
• Civil status of the person interviewed.
• Situation of cohabitation of unmarried persons.
• Country of birth of the partner/spouse of the person interviewed.
• Year of arrival in Spain of the couple/spouse of the person interviewed.
• Stay at the place of residence of the interviewee.
• Time of residence in the city/town.
• Residence abroad of parents/relatives.
• Religiousness of the person interviewed.
• Assessment of personal economic situation.
• Subjective social class of the person interviewed.
• Retrospective possibility (5 years) of being unemployed.
• Household and personal income.
• Place of birth (country).
• Year since he has Spanish nationality.

BackgroundKnowledge about the health impacts of the absence of health insurance for migrants with precarious status (MPS) in Canada is scarce. MPS refer to immigrants with authorized but temporary legal status (i.e. temporary foreign workers, visitors, international students) and/or unauthorized status (out of legal status, i.e. undocumented). This is the first large empirical study that examines the social determinants of self-perceived health of MPS who are uninsured and residing in Montreal.Methods and findingsBetween June 2016 and September 2017, we performed a cross-sectional survey of uninsured migrants in Montreal, Quebec. Migrants without health insurance (18+) were sampled through venue-based recruitment, snowball strategy and media announcements. A questionnaire focusing on sociodemographic, socioeconomic and psychosocial characteristics, social determinants, health needs and access to health care, and health self-perception was administered to 806 individuals: 54.1% were recruited in urban spaces and 45.9% in a health clinic. 53.9% were categorized as having temporary legal status in Canada and 46% were without authorized status. Regions of birth were: Asia (5.2%), Caribbean (13.8%), Europe (7.3%), Latin America (35.8%), Middle East (21%), Sub-Saharan Africa (15.8%) and the United States (1.1%). The median age was 37 years (range:18–87). The proportion of respondents reporting negative (bad/fair) self-perception of health was 44.8%: 36.1% among migrants with authorized legal status and 54.4% among those with unauthorized status (statistically significant difference; p

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed. The main aim of this research is to study the criminal mobility of ethnic-based organized crime groups. The project examines whether organized crime groups are able to move abroad easily and to reproduce their territorial control in a foreign country, or whether these groups, and/or individual members, start a life of crime only after their arrival in the new territories, potentially as a result of social exclusion, economic strain, culture conflict and labeling. More specifically, the aim is to examine the criminal mobility of ethnic Albanian organized crime groups involved in a range of criminal markets and operating in and around New York City, area and to study the relevance of the importation/alien conspiracy model versus the deprivation model of organized crime in relation to Albanian organized crime. There are several analytical dimensions in this study: (1) reasons for going abroad; (2) the nature of the presence abroad; (3) level of support from ethnic constituencies in the new territories; (4) importance of cultural codes; (5) organizational structure; (6) selection of criminal activities; (7) economic incentives and political infiltration. This study utilizes a mixed-methods approach with a sequential exploratory design, in which qualitative data and documents are collected and analyzed first, followed by quantitative data. Demographic variables in this collection include age, gender, birth place, immigration status, nationality, ethnicity, education, religion, and employment status. Two main data sources were employed: (1) court documents, including indictments and court transcripts related to select organized crime cases (84 court documents on 29 groups, 254 offenders); (2) in-depth, face-to-face interviews with 9 ethnic Albanian offenders currently serving prison sentences in U.S. Federal Prisons for organized crime related activities, and with 79 adult ethnic Albanian immigrants in New York, including common people, undocumented migrants, offenders, and people with good knowledge of Albanian organized crime modus operandi. Sampling for these data were conducted in five phases, the first of which involved researchers examining court documents and identifying members of 29 major ethnic Albanian organized crime groups operating in the New York area between 1975 and 2013 who were or had served sentences in the U.S. Federal Prisons for organized crime related activities. In phase two researchers conducted eight in-depth interviews with law enforcement experts working in New York or New Jersey. Phase three involved interviews with members of the Albanian diaspora and filed observations from an ethnographic study. Researchers utilized snowball and respondent driven (RDS) recruitment methods to create the sample for the diaspora dataset. The self-reported criteria for recruitment to participate in the diaspora interviews were: (1) age 18 or over; (2) of ethnic Albanian origin (foreign-born or 1st/2nd generation); and (3) living in NYC area for at least 1 year. They also visited neighborhoods identified as high concentrations of ethnic Albanian individuals and conducted an ethnographic study to locate the target population. In phase four, data for the cultural advisors able to help with the project data was collected. In the fifth and final phase, researchers gathered data for the second wave of the diaspora data, and conducted interviews with offenders with ethnic Albanian immigrants with knowledge of the organized crime situation in New York City area. Researchers also approached about twenty organized crime figures currently serving a prison sentence, and were able to conduct 9 in-depth interviews.

Transatlantic Trends: Immigration, 2010 examined attitudes and policy preferences related to immigration in Europe, Canada, and the United States. The survey concentrated on the most important issues facing the respondent's country, general perceptions of immigration and immigrants, perceptions of legal and illegal immigrants, the impact of immigration on society, conditions for citizenship, policies on legal and illegal immigration, access to social benefits, government evaluation, decision-making level, socio-political rights, consequences of an aging society, immigration and integration, economic evaluation, vote intention, and political party identification. Demographic and other background information includes gender, age, age when stopped full-time education and stage at which full-time education was completed, religious affiliation, ethnicity, citizenship, origin of birth (personal and parental), type of locality, region of residence, and language of interview.

Attitudes towards the topics of internal security, asylum, immigration and counter-terrorism.

1. Internal security: subjective feeling of security or concern about criminal attacks; assessment of relevant sources of fear of crime (e.g. through portrayals of violence on television, through the daily news about crime and criminality, own experiences of victimisation, etc.); concern about concrete crimes (attacks by Islamist terrorists, organised criminal gangs from abroad, young people´s propensity to violence, theft and assaults on the open street, break-ins and break-ins of cars, violence in the family, police assaults); assessment of policy efforts to ensure security; assessment of appropriate security measures (more visible presence of police and law enforcement officers, faster deportation of foreign criminals, law enforcement officers in public transport, video surveillance of public places and in public transport vehicles, tougher penalties, more intensive police checks on motorways, stronger internet surveillance, more social prevention projects for young people); assessment of stronger cooperation between different German and international security bodies (police authorities of the Federation and the federal states, police and intelligence services of the EU states, resp. police and intelligence services of Germany and the USA); attitude towards video surveillance in public places (feeling of security or rather of unease or both at the same time); attitude towards data retention.

2. Attitudes towards asylum and immigration: Dealing with refugees with rejected asylum applications (deportation or toleration under certain conditions); concern about the increase in the number of refugees; concrete concerns regarding the topic of asylum and refugees in Germany (alienation, increasing criminality, rise in right-wing radicalism, loss of German identity, increase in illegal immigrants in the country, excessive demands on social security systems); necessity of selected measures to improve and tighten asylum law (immediate deportation in the case of rejected asylum applications, work permits for asylum seekers, toleration despite rejection of the asylum application, stricter examination of the grounds for asylum); assessment of selected criteria for immigration to Germany (occupation in demand, family members in Germany, young or old, political persecution in home country, university degree, good knowledge of German, no criminal offences in home country, desire for education); opinion on the immigration of highly qualified skilled workers from abroad; assessment of the domestic significance of German immigration policy; assessment of the importance of a welcoming culture for immigrants; immigrants feel welcome vs. not welcome in Germany.

3. Counter-terrorism: assessment of the danger of terrorist attacks in Germany; assessment of the federal government´s efforts with regard to protection against a terrorist attack; opinions on punishment of financial supporters and of sympathisers of terrorist organisations.

Demography: sex; age; highest level of education; employment; occupational status; marital status (household structure); religious denomination; net household income.

Additionally coded were: Respondent ID; weighting factor; city size; federal state.

IntroductionLa Maison Bleue is a community-based perinatal health and social centre in Montreal that provides services during pregnancy up to age five to families living in vulnerable contexts. The study aimed to describe: 1) the challenges and protective factors that affect the well-being of migrant families receiving care at La Maison Bleue; and 2) how La Maison Bleue strengthens resilience among these families.MethodsWe conducted a focused ethnography. Immigrants, refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants were invited to participate. We collected data from November to December 2017 via semi-structured interviews and participant observation during group activities at La Maison Bleue. Data were thematically analysed.ResultsTwenty-four mothers participated (9 interviewed, 17 observed). Challenges to well-being included family separation, isolation, loss of support, the immigration process, an unfamiliar culture and environment, and language barriers. Key protective factors were women’s intrinsic drive to overcome difficulties, their positive outlook and ability to find meaning in their adversity, their faith, culture and traditions, and supportive relationships, both locally and transnationally. La Maison Bleue strengthened resilience by providing a safe space, offering holistic care that responded to both medical and psychosocial needs, and empowering women to achieve their full potential towards better health for themselves and their families.ConclusionMigrant mothers have many strengths and centres like La Maison Bleue can offer a safe space and be an empowering community resource to assist mothers in overcoming the multiple challenges that they face while resettling and raising their young children in a new country.

This poll, fielded May 18-23, 2007, is a part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. An oversample of African Americans was conducted for this poll. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way George W. Bush was handling the presidency and issues such as immigration and foreign policy. Views were sought on Vice President Dick Cheney, the United States Congress, the most important problem facing the country, and the condition of the national economy. Those who were registered to vote were asked how closely they were following the 2008 presidential campaign, whether they were more likely to vote in a Democratic or Republican primary, for whom they would vote, their opinion of the nominees from each party, and which party they trusted to handle foreign policy and immigration issues. A series of questions addressed immigration policy in the United States, the effect of legal and illegal immigration on the economy, society, crime, and terrorism, whether immigration should be kept at current levels, and respondents' opinions of proposed solutions for dealing with illegal immigration. Additional topics addressed the war in Iraq, abortion, baseball star Barry Bonds, and steroid use in professional sports. Information was also collected on whether respondents were born in the United States, whether they had been raised in a non-English speaking household, and whether they had regular contact with anyone who was a legal or illegal immigrant to the United States. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, education level, marital status, United States citizenship status, household income, religious preference, frequency of religious attendance, military service, political party affiliation, political philosophy, voter registration status and participation history, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), the presence of children under 18 and household members between the ages of 18 and 24, and whether respondents had children attending a four-year college.

Abstract (en): This poll, fielded February, 2012, and the first of two, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicits public opinion on a range of political and social issues. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way Barack Obama was handling his job as president, foreign policy, the economy, the situation in Afghanistan, job creation, and the federal budget deficit. Respondents were also asked whether they approved of Congress, about the condition of the economy, and whether things in the country were on the right track. Multiple questions addressed the 2012 Republican presidential candidates, including respondents' overall opinions of several of the candidates and their policies. Respondents were asked what issues and qualities were most important in deciding who to support for the Republican nomination, what topics they would like to hear them discuss, as well as the Tea Party movement and the amount of influence they have in the Republican Party. Additionally, respondents were questioned whether they voted in the 2008 presidential election and who they voted for, whether they voted or plan to vote in a Democratic or Republican 2012 primary or caucus, their first and second choice for the 2012 Republican nomination for president, which candidate would have the best chance of winning against Barack Obama, and who they would vote for in the 2012 presidential election. Other topics include the housing market, the federal budget deficit, birth control, same-sex marriage, and illegal immigrants. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, education level, household income, religious preference, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), whether respondents thought of themselves as born-again Christians, marital status, number of people in the household between the ages of 18 and 29, political party affiliation, political philosophy, and voter registration status. The data contain a weight variable that should be used in analyzing the data. According to the CBS News Web site, the data were weighted to match United States Census Bureau breakdowns on age, sex, race, education, and region of the country. The data were also adjusted for the fact that people who share a telephone with others have less chance to be contacted than people who live alone and have their own telephones, and that households with more than one telephone number have more chances to be called than households with only one telephone number. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. Persons aged 18 years and older living in households with telephones in the United States. Smallest Geographic Unit: congressional district A variation of random-digit dialing (RDD) using primary sampling units (PSUs) was employed, consisting of blocks of 100 telephone numbers identical through the eighth digit and stratified by geographic region, area code, and size of place. Phone numbers were dialed from RDD samples of both standard land-lines and cell phones. Within households, respondents were selected using a method developed by Leslie Kish and modified by Charles Backstrom and Gerald Hursh (see Backstrom and Hursh, SURVEY RESEARCH. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1963). telephone interview

Human Trafficking Statistics: Human trafficking remains a pervasive global issue, with millions of individuals subjected to exploitation and abuse each year. According to recent statistics, an estimated 25 million people worldwide are victims of human trafficking, with the majority being women and children. This lucrative criminal industry generates profits of over $150 billion annually, making it one of the most profitable illegal trades globally. As market research analysts, it's imperative to understand the scale and impact of human trafficking to develop effective strategies for prevention and intervention. Efforts to combat human trafficking have intensified in recent years, driven by increased awareness and advocacy. However, despite these efforts, the problem persists, with trafficking networks adapting to evade law enforcement and exploit vulnerabilities in communities. Through comprehensive data analysis and research, we can uncover trends, identify high-risk areas, and develop targeted interventions to disrupt trafficking networks and support survivors. In this context, understanding human trafficking statistics is crucial for informing policy decisions, resource allocation, and collaborative efforts to combat this grave violation of human rights. Editor’s Choice Every year, approximately 4.5 billion people become victims of forced sex trafficking. Two out of three immigrants become victims of human trafficking, regardless of their international travel method. There are 5.4 victims of modern slavery for every 1000 people worldwide. An estimated 40.3 million individuals are trapped in modern-day slavery, with 24.9 million in forced labor and 15.4 million in forced marriage. Around 16.55 million reported human trafficking cases have occurred in the Asia Pacific region. Out of 40 million human trafficking victims worldwide, 25% are children. The highest proportion of forced labor trafficking cases occurs in domestic work, accounting for 30%. The illicit earnings from human trafficking amount to approximately USD 150 billion annually. The sex trafficking industry globally exceeds the size of the worldwide cocaine market. Only 0.4% of survivors of human trafficking cases are detected. Currently, there are 49.6 million people in modern slavery worldwide, with 35% being children. Sex trafficking is the most common type of trafficking in the U.S. In 2022, there were 88 million child sexual abuse material (CSAM) files reported to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) tip line. Child sex trafficking has been reported in all 50 U.S. states. Human trafficking is a USD 150 billion industry globally. It ranks as the second most profitable illegal industry in the United States. 25 million people worldwide are denied their fundamental right to freedom. 30% of global human trafficking victims are children. Women constitute 49% of all victims of global trafficking. In 2019, 62% of victims in the US were identified as sex trafficking victims. In the same year, US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) grantees reported that 68% of clients served were victims of labor trafficking. Human traffickers in the US face a maximum statutory penalty of 20 years in prison. In France, 74% of exploited victims in 2018 were victims of sex trafficking. You May Also Like To Read Domestic Violence Statistics Sexual Assault Statistics Crime Statistics FBI Crime Statistics Referral Marketing Statistics Prison Statistics GDPR Statistics Piracy Statistics Notable Ransomware Statistics DDoS Statistics Divorce Statistics

The first International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) survey by COMPASS Research Centre at the University of Auckland, with funding support from its Business School. Three years after Professor Philip Gendall retired from contributing to the international programme, COMPASS worked to carry on this fine tradition, branding it locally as the Social Attitudes Survey New Zealand.Questions on national consciousness and national identity. Identification with town/city and nation; most important characteristics for national identity; perceived pride in the democracy of the country, the political influence of the country in the world, the economic achievement, the social security system, the scientific achievements, the achievements in sports, the achievements in arts or literature, the armed forces, the history and equal rights of all social groups in society.Attitude to the right of international institutions to enforce solutions to be accepted nationally; attitude to enforcing national interests regardless of evoking conflicts with other countries; rejection of acquisition of land by foreigners in the country; preference for national films in national television stations; damage done by large international companies to the local business; attitude to free trade; attitude to follow the decisions of international organisations even if the local government does not agree with them; international organisations take away too much power from the country.

Availability of worldwide information as a benefit of the internet; importance of sharing national customs and traditions to achieve full nationality; attitude to government support of national minorities to preserve their customs and habits; preference for assimilation of minorities or retention of their identity; hostility to foreigners and prejudices against immigrants (scale); attitude to a reduction of immigration of foreigners; respondent’s citizenship; citizenship of parents at birth of respondent; same rights for citizens and legal immigrants; attitude towards stronger measures regarding illegal immigrants. Attitudes towards ethnic diversity in the workplace.

Demography: Sex; age; marital status; steady life-partner; years in school, current employment status; current employment status of spouse; hours worked weekly; occupation of respondent and spouse; respondent and spouse working for private, public sector or self-employed; supervisor function; union membership; household size; family income; respondent’s earnings; vote last election; religious denomination; frequency of church attendance; region; town size, rural or urban region; ethnicity. Additionally encoded: mode of data collection.

In the twelve months to December 2024, approximately 948,000 people migrated to the United Kingdom, while 517,000 emigrated away from the country, resulting in a net migration figure of 431,000.

This statistic shows the total population of Saudi Arabia from 2020 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. In 2024, Saudi Arabia's total population amounted to 35.3 million inhabitants. Population of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, the second largest Arab state, is a nation in development. As a result of the economic stability, gross domestic product (GDP) has grown by about 520 billion U.S. dollars over the past decade. This comes as a result of Saudi Arabia’s positive trade balance and the fact that Saudi Arabia exports about 2.5 times more goods than it imports. Therefore, it is no surprise that Saudi Arabia has constantly had a very high GDP growth in the past decade. In a developing country, there is a tendency for the population to move to more urban cities where the employment rates are higher. The degree of urbanization in Saudi Arabia has grown by around 2 percent from 2002 to 2012. Some of the biggest cities in Saudi Arabia have witnessed the urbanization changes first-hand. The capital of Saudi Arabia and the biggest city, Ar-Riyad, is home to about five million inhabitants. However, the high number of illegal immigrants in Saudi Arabia also accounts for the total population. More awareness to health risks and better living conditions have increased the life expectancy at birth in Saudi Arabia by about 3 years in the last decade. With a rapidly growing total population, it has grown by around 8 million inhabitants over the past decade, the government has set some rules to avoid overcrowding and overpopulation. The fertility rate in Saudi has steadily decreased over the past years in order to attempt to control the rapidly growing population.