This national digital GIS product produced by the British Geological Survey indicates the susceptibility of corroded underground ferrous (iron) assets (e.g. pipes) to failure, as a result of ground instability. It is largely derived from the digital geological map and expert knowledge. The GIS dataset contains eight fields. The first field is a summary map that gives an overview of where corroded ferrous assets may fail. The other seven fields indicate the properties of the ground with respect to corrosivity and hazards associated with soluble rocks, landslides, compressible ground, collapsible ground, swelling clays and running sands. The data is useful to asset managers in water companies, local authorities and utility companies who would like to understand where underground ferrous assets are susceptible to failure as a result of ground conditions.

Class I4 easements relate to easements in the vicinity of an overhead or underground power line. These are two categories of servitude established by the Energy Distributions Act of 15 June 1906. the easements provided for in paragraphs 1°, 2°, 3° and 4° of section 12 concerning all electrical energy distributions: — anchorage for permanent installation of supports and anchorages for overhead electricity operators, either outside walls or facades overlooking the public road or on the roofs and terraces of buildings, — overhang easement allowing electricity conductors to pass over private property, — easement of passage or support enabling underground pipes or air conductors to be permanently installed on unbuilt private land which is not closed by walls or other equivalent fences, — easement for pruning and cutting trees to cut trees and branches of trees which, being in the vicinity of overhead electricity operators, hinder their installation or could, by their movement or fall, cause short circuits or damage to the works. These are servitudes that result in no dispossession of the owner who retains the right to demolish, repair, raise, close or build, provided that the concessionaire is notified one month before starting work. the perimeters established pursuant to Article 12a on either side of an overhead power line with a voltage of 130 kilovolts or more and within which: — are prohibited: • buildings for residential use, • reception areas for Travellers, • certain categories of establishments receiving the public: reception facilities for the elderly and persons with disabilities, hotels and accommodations, educational institutions, holiday camps, health facilities, penitentiary institutions, outdoor establishments. — may be prohibited or subject to requirements: • other categories of establishments receiving the public, • installations classified for the protection of the environment subject to authorisation and manufacturing, using or storing oxidising, explosive, flammable or combustible substances, without, however, obstructing the adaptation, repair or extension of the existing, provided that the capacity of inhabitants within the scope of the servitudes is not increased. This resource describes the surface plates of Class I4 easements combined with their generators, i.e. all electrical power distribution facilities, including: — air operators of electricity, — underground pipelines for the transmission of electricity, — the carriers of air drivers, — works, such as processing posts, etc.

PIPELINES_IGS_IN depicts the location and extent of known natural gas, crude oil, and refined products pipelines in Indiana. PIPELINES, the predecessor of PIPELINES_IGS_IN, was digitized from data shown on 1:63,360 scale (1 inch = 1 mile) county work maps compiled for the creation of Indiana Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Map 53, Map of Indiana Showing Oil, Gas, and Products Pipelines, by S.J. Keller, 1991, Scale 1:500,000.

Underground Services Locators Market Outlook

The global underground services locators market size was valued at approximately USD 1.2 billion in 2023 and is anticipated to reach around USD 2.5 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.6% during the forecast period. The market is driven by the increasing need for precise and efficient locators due to the growing infrastructure development and urbanization across the globe.

A significant growth factor for the underground services locators market is the surge in construction activities worldwide. Urbanization and the expansion of smart city projects necessitate the accurate detection of underground utilities to prevent damage and ensure the safety of construction workers. Moreover, technological advancements in underground locating technologies, such as electromagnetic and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) systems, have enhanced the accuracy and reliability of these devices, making them indispensable in modern construction and maintenance operations.

Another key driver is the increasing demand for utility detection and mapping services. As cities expand, so does the complexity of their underground utility networks. Municipalities and utility companies are increasingly relying on advanced locator technologies to map and maintain their underground infrastructure. This trend is further fueled by stringent regulations and standards mandating the use of efficient detection systems to minimize the risk of damages and service disruptions, thereby ensuring public safety and service continuity.

In addition to construction and utility sectors, the oil and gas industry also significantly contributes to the market growth. The exploration and maintenance of pipelines require precise locators to detect existing underground utilities and avoid potential hazards. Advanced locator technologies are employed in the oil and gas sector to enhance the accuracy of pipeline mapping and leak detection, thereby reducing operational risks and environmental impacts.

From a regional perspective, North America holds a prominent share in the underground services locators market, attributed to its well-established infrastructure, high adoption rate of advanced technologies, and stringent regulatory framework. Moreover, the presence of major market players in the region further boosts market growth. Asia Pacific is expected to exhibit the highest CAGR during the forecast period, driven by rapid urbanization, increasing investments in infrastructure development, and the expansion of the construction industry.

Pipe Locators play a crucial role in the accurate detection and mapping of underground pipelines, which is essential for the safety and efficiency of construction and maintenance activities. These devices utilize advanced technologies to pinpoint the exact location of pipes, reducing the risk of accidental damage during excavation. As infrastructure projects continue to expand globally, the demand for reliable Pipe Locators is expected to rise, driven by the need to ensure seamless operations and prevent costly disruptions. The integration of innovative features in Pipe Locators, such as real-time data analysis and enhanced detection capabilities, further enhances their utility in diverse sectors, including construction, oil and gas, and utilities.

Technology Analysis

The underground services locators market is segmented based on technology into electromagnetic, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), acoustic, and others. Among these, the electromagnetic technology segment dominates the market owing to its widespread adoption for utility detection and mapping. Electromagnetic locators are highly preferred due to their ability to detect both conductive and non-conductive utilities with high accuracy. These devices are user-friendly and provide real-time data, making them essential for diverse applications in construction and utility sectors.

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) technology is gaining traction in the market due to its superior ability to detect non-metallic objects and provide detailed subsurface imaging. GPR systems are instrumental in identifying utilities buried at greater depths and in challenging soil conditions where electromagnetic locators might fall short. The increasing adoption of GPR technology in archaeological surveys, environmental studies, and geological mapping further propels its market growth.

Acousti

This layer shows the location of underground pipelines in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania

A storm drain lateral is the underground pipe that connects a residence or business to the storm drain main.Storm Drain Lateral connections were originally recorded as points on the property line, but in 2017 the points were changed to lines instead to accommodate new software. The lateral line begins at the same location on the property line where the existing point was, and then it is drawn straight out to the nearest main. The lines were automatically drawn by the computer, so the actual path of the lateral line from the property line to the storm drain main may differ.Data are updated by city staff as needed, and automatically copied to the Open Data Portal. The "Last Updated" date shown on our Open Data Portal refers to the last time the data schema was modified in the portal, or any changes were made to this description. We update our data through automated scripts which does not trigger the "last updated" date to change.Note: Attributes represent each field in a dataset, and some fields will contain information such as ID numbers. As a result some visualizations on the tabs on our Open Data page will not be relevant.

The attitude of an easement is the spatial field (i.e., the geographical area) within which the easement applies. This space field can be defined either in 2D or in 3D in particular in the specific cases of airport clearance easements, easements to protect radio transmission centres.

Named Waterbody is a 1:24,000-scale, polygon and line feature-based layer that includes all named waterbodies depicted on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle maps for the State of Connecticut. This layer only includes features located in Connecticut. Named Waterbody features include water, dams, flow connectors, aqueducts, canals, ditches, shorelines, and islands. The layer does not include the marsh areas, tidal flats, rocks, shoals, or channels typically shown on USGS 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle maps. However, the layer includes linear (flow) connector features that fill in gaps between river and stream features where water passes through marshes or underground through pipelines and tunnels. Note that connectors represent general pathways and do not represent the exact _location or orientation of actual underground pipelines, tunnels, aqueducts, etc. The Named Waterbody layer is comprised of polygon and line features. Polygon features represent areas of water for rivers, streams, brooks, reservoirs, lakes, ponds, bays, coves, and harbors. Polygon features also depict related information such as dams and islands. Line features represent single-line rivers and streams, flow connectors, aqueducts, canals, and ditches. Line features also enclose all polygon features in the form of shorelines, dams, and closure lines separating adjacent water features. The Named Waterbody layer is based on information from USGS topographic quadrangle maps published between 1969 and 1984 so it does not depict conditions at any one particular point in time. Also, the layer does not reflect recent changes with the course of streams or _location of shorelines impacted by natural events or changes in development since the time the USGS 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle maps were published. Attribute information is comprised of codes to identify waterbody features by type, cartographically represent (symbolize) waterbody features on a map, select waterbodies appropriate to display at different map scales, identify individual waterbodies on a map by name, and describe waterbody feature area and length. The names assigned to individual waterbodies are based on information published on the USGS 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle maps or other state and local maps. The Named Waterbody layer does not include bathymetric, stream gradient, water flow, water quality, or biological habitat information. Derived from the Hydrography layer, the Named Waterbody layer was originally published in 1999. The 2005 edition includes the same water features published in 1999, however some attribute information has been slightly modified and made easier to use. Also, the 2005 edition corrects previously undetected attribute coding errors and includes the flow connector features. Connecticut Named Waterbody Polygon includes the polygon features of a layer named Named Waterbody. Named Waterbody is a 1:24,000-scale, polygon and line feature-based layer that includes all named waterbodies depicted on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle maps for the State of Connecticut. This layer only includes features located in Connecticut. Named Waterbody features include water, dams, flow connectors, aqueducts, canals, ditches, shorelines, and islands. The layer does not include the marsh areas, tidal flats, rocks, shoals, or channels typically shown on USGS 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle maps. However, the layer includes linear (flow) connector features that fill in gaps between river and stream features where water passes through marshes or underground through pipelines and tunnels. Note that connectors represent general pathways and do not represent the exact _location or orientation of actual underground pipelines, tunnels, aqueducts, etc. The Named Waterbody layer is comprised of polygon and line features. Polygon features represent areas of water for rivers, streams, brooks, reservoirs, lakes, ponds, bays, coves, an

The Municipal Sanitary Sewer System, as represented in the Sanitary Sewer Network dataset for the City of Moorhead, encompasses a comprehensive infrastructure that efficiently manages the collection and transport of wastewater within the urban environment. This network comprises various essential elements designed to ensure the proper disposal and treatment of sanitary sewage generated by residential, commercial, and industrial activities. Below, we provide a more detailed description of these elements:1. Main Sewer Lines: These are the primary conduits within the sanitary sewer system, typically consisting of underground pipes of varying sizes and materials. Main sewer lines serve as the central channels through which wastewater flows from its source points to treatment facilities.2. Forcemains: Forcemains are specialized pressurized pipes within the system, typically used to transport wastewater against gravity, especially in areas with challenging topography or when pumping is required to overcome elevation differences.3. Manholes: Manholes are access points strategically located along the sewer network. They provide entry for maintenance crews to inspect, clean, and repair the sewer system. Manholes also serve as junctures where multiple sewer lines converge.4. Structures: Within the municipal sanitary sewer system, structures refer to various components that help manage and control the flow of wastewater. These may include diversion chambers, junction chambers, and other infrastructure designed to facilitate efficient sewage conveyance.5. Valves: Valves are crucial for regulating the flow of wastewater within the system. They allow for the isolation of specific sections of the sewer network, making maintenance and repairs more manageable. Valves also help control flow direction and prevent system overloads during heavy rainfall events.6. Other Major Components: This category encompasses a diverse range of elements necessary for the proper functioning of the sanitary sewer system. It may include items like backflow preventers, lift stations, monitoring equipment, and more, all of which contribute to the overall efficiency and reliability of the system.7. Flow Direction: The dataset includes symbology to indicate the direction of wastewater flow within the sewer network. Understanding flow direction is critical for system operators and maintenance personnel to ensure that sewage moves efficiently toward treatment facilities.In summary, the Municipal Sanitary Sewer System in the City of Moorhead is a complex and essential infrastructure network designed to collect, transport, and manage wastewater. It consists of a variety of components, including main sewer lines, forcemains, manholes, structures, valves, and other critical elements, all of which work together to safeguard public health and protect the environment by properly handling and treating sanitary sewage. The inclusion of flow direction symbology enhances the dataset's utility by providing valuable information for system management and maintenance.

This application provides the public information on our underground assets, particularly water, sanitary and storm features.

This national digital GIS product produced by the British Geological Survey indicates the potential for leakage to have a negative effect on ground stability. It is largely derived from the digital geological map and expert knowledge. The GIS dataset contains seven fields. The first field is a summary map that gives an overview of where leakage may affect ground stability. The other six fields indicate the properties of the ground with respect to the extent to which hazards associated with soluble rocks, landslides, compressible ground, collapsible ground, swelling clays and running sands will be increased due to leakage. The data is useful to asset managers in water companies, local authorities and utility companies who would like to understand where. and to what extent, leaking underground pipes or other structures may initate or worsen ground stability.

This layer is a component of Pipelines.

© FBC GIS

The dataset is a Soil Corrosivity Map for the U.K. based on the BGS DIGMapGB-PLUS Map. The creation of this dataset involves scoring the Soil Parent Material types for five different attributes that contribute towards the corrosion of underground assets. These are (i) high or low soil pH, (ii) general soil moisture, (iii) the likelihood that soil saturated and undergo periods of anaerobic conditions, (iv) the presence of sulphides and sulphates and (v) the resistivity of the soil parent material. The scoring of each of these parameters was undertaken based on the Cast Iron Pipe Association (CIPA) (now the Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association, DIPRA) rating system. By combining the scores of each parameter a GIS layer has been created that identifies those areas that may provide a corrosive environment to underground cast iron assets. The final map has been classified into three categories signifying: 'GROUND CONDITIONS BENEATH TOPSOIL ARE UNLIKELY TO CAUSE CORROSION OF IRON', 'GROUND CONDITIONS BENEATH TOPSOIL MAY CAUSE CORROSION TO IRON', 'GROUND CONDITIONS BENEATH TOPSOIL ARE LIKELY TO CAUSE CORROSION TO IRON'. The dataset is designed to aid engineers and planners in the management of and maintenance of underground ferrous assets.

The Los Angeles County Storm Drain System is a geometric network model representing the storm drain infrastructure within Los Angeles County. The long term goal of this network is to seamlessly integrate the countywide drainage infrastructure, regardless of ownership or jurisdiction. Current uses by the Department of Public Works (DPW) include asset inventory, operational maintenance, and compliance with environmental regulations.

GIS DATA DOWNLOADS: (More information is in the table below)

File geodatabase: A limited set of feature classes comprise the majority of this geometric network. These nine feature classes are available in one file geodatabase (.gdb). ArcMap versions compatible with the .gdb are 10.1 and later. Read-only access is provided by the open-source software QGIS. Instructions on opening a .gdb file are available here, and a QGIS plugin can be downloaded here.

Acronyms and Definitions (pdf) are provided to better understand terms used.

ONLINE VIEWING: Use your PC’s browser to search for drains by street address or drain name and download engineering drawings. The Web Viewer link is: https://dpw.lacounty.gov/fcd/stormdrain/

MOBILE GIS: This storm drain system can also be viewed on mobile devices as well as your PC via ArcGIS Online. (As-built plans are not available with this mobile option.)

More About these Downloads All data added or updated by Public Works is contained in nine feature classes, with definitions listed below. The file geodatabase (.gdb) download contains these eleven feature classes without network connectivity. Feature classes include attributes with unabbreviated field names and domains.

ArcMap versions compatible with the .gdb are 10.1 and later.

Feature Class Download Description

CatchBasin In .gdb Catch basins collect urban runoff from gutters

Culvert In .gdb A relatively short conduit that conveys storm water runoff underneath a road or embankment. Typical materials include reinforced concrete pipe (RCP) and corrugated metal pipe (CMP). Typical shapes are circular, rectangular, elliptical, or arched.

ForceMain In .gdb Force mains carry stormwater uphill from pump stations into gravity mains and open channels.

GravityMain In .gdb Underground pipes and channels.

LateralLine In .gdb Laterals connect catch basins to underground gravity mains or open channels.

MaintenanceHole In .gdb The top opening to an underground gravity main used for inspection and maintenance.

NaturalDrainage In .gdb Streams and rivers that flow through natural creek beds

OpenChannel In .gdb Concrete lined stormwater channels.

PumpStation In .gdb Where terrain causes accumulation, lift stations are used to pump stormwater to where it can once again flow towards the ocean

Data Field Descriptions

Most of the feature classes in this storm drain geometric network share the same GIS table schema. Only the most critical attributes are listed here per LACFCD operations.

Attribute Description

ASBDATE The date the design plans were approved “as-built” or accepted as “final records”.

CROSS_SECTIN_SHAPE The cross-sectional shape of the pipe or channel. Examples include round, square, trapezoidal, arch, etc.

DIAMETER_HEIGHT The diameter of a round pipe or the height of an underground box or open channel.

DWGNO Drain Plan Drawing Number per LACFCD Nomenclature

EQNUM Asset No. assigned by the Department of Public Works’ (in Maximo Database).

MAINTAINED_BY Identifies, to the best of LAFCD’s knowledge, the agency responsible for maintaining the structure.

MOD_DATE Date the GIS features were last modified.

NAME Name of the individual drainage infrastructure.

OWNER Agency that owns the drainage infrastructure in question.

Q_DESIGN The peak storm water runoff used for the design of the drainage infrastructure.

SOFT_BOTTOM For open channels, indicates whether the channel invert is in its natural state (not lined).

SUBTYPE Most feature classes in this drainage geometric nature contain multiple subtypes.

UPDATED_BY The person who last updated the GIS feature.

WIDTH Width of a channel in feet.

Surface drainage points are structures that help direct rainwater in the City’s sub-surface pipe drainage system. The informal drainage system makes up nearly one-third of the City of Seattle footprint. This layer displays connected surface drainage points, regardless of ownership, that cannot be found in other layers. For example, Catch Basins, Junction Boxes, Sandboxes, and Inlets are not included. The data source is DWW.surface_drainline_pt_pv with the following data query: SDP_LIFECYCLE_TEXT IN ( 'Connected' , 'Unknown' , 'Temporary' ,'To Be Connected', 'Under Construction', 'Provisionally Connected', 'Proposed', 'Abandoned', 'Abandoned Temporary', 'Removed') AND SDP_FEA_TYPE_TEXT IN ( 'Area Drain;Area Way;Driveway Drain' ,'Cleanout', 'Flow Control MH' , 'Infall' , 'Maintenance Hole' , 'Overflow MH' , 'Other' , 'Rubber Coupler' , 'Reducer' , 'Surface Cleanout' , 'Sedimentation Chamber;Sand Catcher;Sand Trap' , 'Stand Pipe' , 'Weephole', 'Catch Basin MH', 'Vault', 'Underground Injection Cell; Drilled Drain')This layer does not display when zoomed out beyond 1:2,000. Labels are based on the attribute SDP_ASSET_ID and only display when zoomed in to 1:1,000 or closer. Only SPU owned assets will have a label.Refreshed weekly.

An EPCI, regardless of its form, may have powers for EPAs conferred by its statutes (Article L5211-5 of the CGCT: General code of territorial authorities). This competence may include: the production of drinking water by surface or underground sampling, AND/OR its transmission through the pipeline network, AND/OR its distribution to the subscriber’s connection.A municipality that adheres to an EPCI may choose to: (delegating this competence) to another public institution or body- to retain that competence. Thus, “areas of competence” differing from the administrative boundaries of the EPCI.This layer consists of the so defined “EPA areas” existing on a department on a given date. DDT61/SAE/PTEM — validite: 01/01/2017

Drainage pipe data showing the underground network of drainage infrastructure.

Developed using the open council data standard (0.2) http://standards.opencouncildata.org/#/drainpipes

This feature layer contains Water and Sewer Infrastructure Location Data. Data is represented by Water Asset Points, Water Asset Lines, Sewer Asset Points and Sewer Asset Lines. Fields include Asset ID and Feature Class only. Water Assets contain: Water Hydrants, Water Maintenance Hole, Water Valves, Water Service Fittings, Water Supply Pipes. Sewer Assets contain: Sewer Fittings, Sewer Maintenance Holes, Sewer Meters, Sewer Valves, Sewer Designated Outlet, Sewer Connections, Sewer Pipe Pressure, Sewer Pipe Non Pressure. While every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of this product, Logan City Council do not make any representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and all liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for all expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs that may occur as a result of the product being inaccurate or incomplete in any way or for any reason.

The Topo50 map series provides topographic mapping for the New Zealand mainland, Chatham Islands, offshore islands, and offshore dependancies at 1:50,000 (some of the islands at 1:25,000) scale. For Tokelau the printed map scale is 1:25,000. Although presented at 1:25,000 this layer, for all intents and purposes, forms part of the Topo50 map series. Along with the paper-based Topo50 map series, digital images of the maps are also publicly available. Georeferenced raster digital images are provided at a resolution of 300 DPI. Georeferencing allows adjacent maps to be accurately and automatically aligned within GIS systems. This version is provided without a grid or graticule ticks. To create this product the grid, graticule, grid text and graticule text representations were termporarily removed and the text-clashing routines rerun to reinstate features previously masked by the grid and graticule text. For more information, and a description of the georeferencing keys: http://www.linz.govt.nz/topography/topo-maps/topo50/digital-images Please be aware of the following: The existence of a road or track does not necessarily indicate public right of access. Contact local authorities for the latest information on tracks and huts. Not all aerial wires, cableways and obstructions that could be hazardous to aircraft are held in the data. Contours and spot elevations in vegetation areas may be less accurate. Not all pipelines including both underground and above ground are held in the data or shown on the printed maps. For the latest information please contact the utility and infrastructure agencies Permits may be required to visit some sensitive and special areas.

Named Waterbody is a 1:24,000-scale, polygon and line feature-based layer that includes all named waterbodies depicted on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle maps for the State of Connecticut. This layer only includes features located in Connecticut. Named Waterbody features include water, dams, flow connectors, aqueducts, canals, ditches, shorelines, and islands. The layer does not include the marsh areas, tidal flats, rocks, shoals, or channels typically shown on USGS 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle maps. However, the layer includes linear (flow) connector features that fill in gaps between river and stream features where water passes through marshes or underground through pipelines and tunnels. Note that connectors represent general pathways and do not represent the exact _location or orientation of actual underground pipelines, tunnels, aqueducts, etc. The Named Waterbody layer is comprised of polygon and line features. Polygon features represent areas of water for rivers, streams, brooks, reservoirs, lakes, ponds, bays, coves, and harbors. Polygon features also depict related information such as dams and islands. Line features represent single-line rivers and streams, flow connectors, aqueducts, canals, and ditches. Line features also enclose all polygon features in the form of shorelines, dams, and closure lines separating adjacent water features. The Named Waterbody layer is based on information from USGS topographic quadrangle maps published between 1969 and 1984 so it does not depict conditions at any one particular point in time. Also, the layer does not reflect recent changes with the course of streams or _location of shorelines impacted by natural events or changes in development since the time the USGS 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle maps were published. Attribute information is comprised of codes to identify waterbody features by type, cartographically represent (symbolize) waterbody features on a map, select waterbodies appropriate to display at different map scales, identify individual waterbodies on a map by name, and describe waterbody feature area and length. The names assigned to individual waterbodies are based on information published on the USGS 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle maps or other state and local maps. The Named Waterbody layer does not include bathymetric, stream gradient, water flow, water quality, or biological habitat information. Derived from the Hydrography layer, the Named Waterbody layer was originally published in 1999. The 2005 edition includes the same water features published in 1999, however some attribute information has been slightly modified and made easier to use. Also, the 2005 edition corrects previously undetected attribute coding errors and includes the flow connector features. Connecticut Named Waterbody Polygon includes the polygon features of a layer named Named Waterbody. Named Waterbody is a 1:24,000-scale, polygon and line feature-based layer that includes all named waterbodies depicted on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle maps for the State of Connecticut. This layer only includes features located in Connecticut. Named Waterbody features include water, dams, flow connectors, aqueducts, canals, ditches, shorelines, and islands. The layer does not include the marsh areas, tidal flats, rocks, shoals, or channels typically shown on USGS 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle maps. However, the layer includes linear (flow) connector features that fill in gaps between river and stream features where water passes through marshes or underground through pipelines and tunnels. Note that connectors represent general pathways and do not represent the exact _location or orientation of actual underground pipelines, tunnels, aqueducts, etc. The Named Waterbody layer is comprised of polygon and line features. Polygon features represent areas of water for rivers, streams, brooks, reservoirs, lakes, ponds, bays, coves, an