This dataset provides the Unemployment Rate (UR) in percentage according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State and Union Territory in India, categorized by age groups: 15-29 years, 15-59 years, 15 years and above, and all ages. It is sourced from the PLFS by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation and offers insights into regional and age-group-specific unemployment rates. For 2023-24, Chandigarh's entire area has been considered urban for this survey, with data available only for the age groups 15-59 years, 15 years and above, and all ages. Before 2019-20, Ladakh was part of Jammu and Kashmir, and since 2020-21, Daman and Diu has been merged with Dadra and Nagar Haveli to form the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.

In 2024, the estimated youth unemployment rate in India was at 16.03 percent. According to the source, the data are ILO estimates. For the past decade, India’s youth unemployment rate has been hovering around the 22 percent mark. What is the youth unemployment rate?The youth unemployment rate refers to those in the workforce who are aged 15 to 24 years and without a job, but actively seeking one. Generally, youth unemployment rates are higher than the adult unemployment rates, and India is no exception: youth unemployment in India is significantly higher than the national unemployment rate. The Indian workforce, young and oldIndia’s unemployment rate in general is not remarkably high when compared to those of other countries. Both India’s unemployment rate and youth unemployment rate are below their global equivalents. In a comparison of the Asia-Pacific region countries, India ranks somewhere in the middle, with Cambodia’s unemployment rate being estimated to be below one percent, and Afghanistan’s the highest at 8.8 percent.

The statistic shows the unemployment rate in India from 1999 to 2024. In 2024, the unemployment rate in India was estimated to be 4.2 percent. India's economy in comparison to other BRIC states India possesses one of the fastest-growing economies in the world and as a result, India is recognized as one of the G-20 major economies as well as a member of the BRIC countries, an association that is made up of rapidly growing economies. As well as India, three other countries, namely Brazil, Russia and China, are BRIC members. India’s manufacturing industry plays a large part in the development of its economy; however its services industry is the most significant economical factor. The majority of the population of India works in this sector. India’s notable economic boost can be attributed to significant gains over the past decade in regards to the efficiency of the production of goods as well as maintaining relatively low debt, particularly when compared to the total amount earned from goods and services produced throughout the years. When considering individual development as a country, India progressed significantly over the years. However, in comparison to the other emerging countries in the BRIC group, India’s progress was rather minimal. While China experienced the most apparent growth, India’s efficiency and productivity remained somewhat stagnant over the course of 3 or 4 years. India also reported a rather large trade deficit over the past decade, implying that its total imports exceeded its total amount of exports, essentially forcing the country to borrow money in order to finance the nation. Most economists consider trade deficits a negative factor, especially in the long run and for developing or emerging countries.

Unemployment Rate in India remained unchanged at 5.60 percent in June. This dataset provides - India Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Abstract

The Employment and Unemployment surveys of National sample Survey (NSS) are primary sources of data on various indicators of labour force at National and State levels. These are used for planning, policy formulation, decision support and as input for further statistical exercises by various Government organizations, academicians, researchers and scholars. NSS surveys on employment and un-employment with large sample size of households have been conducted quinquennially from 27th. round(October'1972 - September'1973) onwards. Cotinuing in this series the fourth such all-india survey on the situation of employment and unemployment in India was carried out during the period july 1987 - june 1988 .

The working Group set up for planning of the entire scheme of the survey, among other things, examined also in detail some of the key results generated from the 38th round data and recommended some stream-lining of the 38th round schedule for the use in the 43rd round. Further, it felt no need for changing the engaging the easting conceptual frame work. However, some additional items were recommended to be included in the schedule to obtain the necessary and relevant information for generating results to see the effects on participation rates in view of the ILO suggestions.5.0.1. The NSSO Governing Council approved the recommendations of the working Group and also the schedule of enquiry in its 44th meeting held on 16 January, 1987. In this survey, a nation-wide enquiry was conducted to provide estimates on various characteristics pertaining to employment and unemployment in India and some characteristics associated with them at the national and state levels. Information on various facets of employment and unemployment in India was collected through a schedule of enquiry (schedule 10).

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of Indian Union excepting i) Ladakh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir ii) Rural areas of Nagaland

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

It may be mentioned here that in order to net more households of the upper income bracket in the Sample , significant changes have been made in the sample design in this round (compares to the design of the 38th round).

SAMPLE DESIGN AND SAMPLE SIZE The survey had a two-stage stratified design. The first stage units (f.s.u.'s) are villages in the rural sector and urban blocks in the urban sector. The second stage units are households in both the sectors. Sampling frame for f.s.u.'s : The lists of 1981 census villages constituted the sampling frame for rural sector in most districts. But the 1981 census frame could not be used for a few districts because, either the 1981 census was not held there or the list of 1981 census villages could not be obtained or the lists obtained from the census authorities were found to be grossly incomplete. In such cases 1971 census frame were used. In the urban sector , the Urban Frame Survey (U.F.S.) blocks constituted the sampling frame. STRATIFICATION : States were first divided into agro-economic regions which are groups of contiguous districts , similar with respect to population density and crop pattern. In Gujarat, however , some districts have been split for the purpose of region formation In consideration of the location of dry areas and the distribution of the tribal population in the state. The composition of the regions is given in the Appendix. RURAL SECTOR: In the rural sector, within each region, each district with 1981Census rural population less 1.8 million formed a single stratum. Districts with larger population were divided into two or more strata, depending on population, by grouping contiguous tehsils similar, as for as possible, in respect of rural population Density and crop pattern. (In Gujarat, however , in the case of districts extending over more than one region, even if the rural population was less than 1.8 million, the portion of a district falling in each region constituted a separate stratum. Further ,in Assam the old "basic strata" formed on the basis of 1971 census rural population exactly in the above manner, but with cut-off population as 1.5 million have been retained as the strata for rural sampling.) URBAN SECTOR : In the urban sector , strata were formed , again within NSS region , on the basis of the population size class of towns . Each city with population 10 lakhs or more is self-representative , as in the earlier rounds . For the purpose of stratification, in towns with '81 census population 4 lakhs or more , the blocks have been divided into two categories , viz . : One consisting of blocks in areas inhabited by the relatively affluent section of the population and the other consisting of the remaining blocks. The strata within each region were constituted as follows :

Table (1.2) : Composition of urban strata

Stratum population class of town

number

(1) (2)

1 all towns with population less than 50,000 2 -do- 50,000 - 199,999 3 -do- 200,000 - 399,999 4 -do- 400,000 - 999,999 ( affluent area) 5 (other area) 6 a single city with population 1 million and above (affluent area) 7 " (other area) 8 another city with population 1 million and above

9 " (other area)

Note : There is no region with more than one city with population 1 million and above. The stratum number have been retained as above even if in some regions some of the strata are empty. Allocation for first stage units : The total all-India sample size was allocated to the states /U.T.'s proportionate to the strength of central field staff. This was allocated to the rural and urban sectors considering the relative size of the rural and urban population. Now the rural samples were allocated to the rural strata in proportion to rural population. The urban samples were allocated to the urban strata in proportion to urban population with double weight age given to those strata of towns with population 4 lakhs or more which lie in area inhabited by the relatively affluent section. All allocations have been adjusted such that the sample size for stratum was at least a multiple of 4 (preferably multiple of 8) and the total sample size of a region is a multiple of 8 for the rural and urban sectors separately.
Selection of f.s.u.'s : The sample villages have been selected circular systematically with probability proportional to population in the form of two independent interpenetrating sub-samples (IPNS) . The sample blocks have been selected circular systematically with equal probability , also in the form of two IPNS' s. As regards the rural areas of Arunachal Pradesh, the procedure of 'cluster sampling' was:- The field staff will be supplied with a list of the nucleus villages of each cluster and they selected the remaining villages of the cluster according to the procedure described in Section Two. The nucleus villages were selected circular systematically with equal probability, in the form of two IPNS 's. Hamlet-group and sub-blocks : Large villages and blocks were sub- divided into a suitable number of hamlet-groups and sub-blocks respectively having equal population convent and one them was selected at random for surveys. Hamlet-group and sub-blocks : Large villages and blocks were sub- divided into a suitable number of hamlet-groups and sub-blocks respectively having equal population convent and one them was selected at random for surveys. Selection of households : rural : In order to have adequate number of sample households from the affluent section of the society, some new procedures were introduced for selection of sample households, both in the rural and urban sectors. In the rural sector , while listing households, the investigator identified the households in village/ selected hamlet- group which may be considered to be relatively more affluent than the rest. This was done largely on the basis of his own judgment but while exercising his judgment considered factors generally associated with rich people in the localitysuch as : living in large pucca house in well-maintained state, ownership/possession of cultivated/irrigated land in excess of certain norms. ( e.g.20 acres of cultivated land or 10 acres of irrigated land), ownership of motor vehicles and costly consumer durables like T.V. , VCR, VCP AND refrigerator, ownership of large business establishment , etc. Now these "rich" households will form sub-stratum 1. (If the total number of households listed is 80 or more , 10 relatively most affluent households will form sub-stratum 1. If it is below 80, 8 such households will form sub-stratum 1. The remaining households will 'constitute sub-stratum 2. At the time of listing, information relating to each household' s major sources of income will be collected, on the basis of which its means of livelihood will be identified as one of the following : "self-employed in non-agriculture " "rural labour" and "others" (see section Two for definition of these terms) . Also the area of land possessed as on date of survey will be ascertained from all households while listing. Now the households of sub-stratum 2 will be arranged in the order : (1)self-employed in non-agriculture, (2) rural labour, other households, with land possessed (acres) : (3) less than 1.00 (4) 1.00-2.49,(5)2.50-4.99, (6)

As per the Periodic Labour Force Survey of 2024, the unemployment rate among individuals with secondary education and above was 7.1 percent, the highest among other levels of education. Although the unemployment rate within this category fell from the previous financial year. Potential of the education sectorIndia's education sector is estimated to be valued at around 117 billion U.S. dollars, and it is expected to grow to 225 billion U.S. dollars by 2025. It is a growing trend for many young Indians to attain two or three degrees in the hope of attaining a job. One of the largest young populations in the world presents a unique opportunity for the country in the education sector. Educated unemployed Youth unemployment in India was over 15 percent in 2023. This is despite the abundance of highly educated professionals. The data suggests a sharp mismatch between the skills of the labor force and job creation. The lack of jobs in the non-farm sector for the newly graduated young population is a major cause of worry for the Indian economy.

The Indian male labor force in general was in a state of steady growth during the presented timeframe. The dominant category is men between the age of 25 to 54, which has increased to 277 million in 2021. All categories saw visible inclrease. Labor force includes persons of working age who are actively engaged in the labor market. It is the sum of persons employed and the unemployed.

Abstract

An all-India survey on the situation of employment and unemployment in India during the period July, 2005 to June, 2006 was carried out as part of the annual series in the 62nd round of the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). In this survey, a nation-wide enquiry was conducted in a moderately large sample of households to provide estimates on various characteristics pertaining to employment and unemployment in India and some characteristics associated with them at the national and state levels. Information on various facets of employment and unemployment in India were collected through a schedule of enquiry (Schedule 10).

In terms of subject coverage for employment and unemployment (Schedule 10), this survey is broadly similar to the NSS 60th round. On the request of the Planning Commission, additional information regarding the possession of different types of ‘ration cards’ by the households and the participation of the household members in the rural areas in various public works programmes were also collected. Further, to meet the requirements of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, information on current attendance in educational institutions by persons of age below 30 years and the type of educational institutions being attended by the persons currently attending educational institutions was also collected. Instead of collecting detailed particulars on formal vocational training, as was done in NSS 60th round, it was enquired from the household members, of age 15 – 29 years, whether they received or receiving‘formal’ or ‘non-formal’ vocational training. Besides, information was collected on whether the household members ( of age 15 – 29 years) were receiving formal vocational training. For the purpose of collection of information on industry of activity, National Industrial Classification (NIC), 2004 was used in this survey.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond 5 kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year. All the sample first-stage units of the districts Poonch and Rajouri of Jammu & Kashmir, became casualty and therefore, the districts Poonch and Rajouri of Jammu & Kashmir, are outside the survey coverage. . Thus, the estimates of Jammu and Kashmir and all-India estimates do not include these two districts.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

An outline of the sampling design: The 62nd round (July 2005 - June 2006) of NSS was earmarked for survey on unorganised manufacturing enterprises, annual survey of consumer expenditure and survey on employment – unemployment. The sampling design adopted for the survey was essentially a stratified multi-stage one for both rural and urban areas. Two frames were used for this survey viz. List frame and Area frame. List frame was used only for urban sector and that too for selection of manufacturing enterprises only and thus is not relevant for discussion. Area frame was adopted for both rural and urban sectors for selection of First Stage Units (FSU) . For the area frame, the list of villages as per census 2001 (for Manipur, 1991 census was used since 2001 census list was not available) was used as frame for the rural sector and the latest available list of UFS blocks was used as frame in the urban sector. However, EC-98 was used as frame for the 27 towns with population 10 lakhs or more (as per Census 2001). The ultimate stage units (USU) were households, in both the sectors. In the case of large villages/ blocks requiring hamlet-group (hg)/ sub-block (sb) formation, one intermediate stage was the selection of two hgs/ sbs from each FSU.

Sample Size – first stage units: At the all-India level, a total number of 9997 FSUs (4847 villages in the rural areas and 5150 UFS blocks in the urban areas) for area frame were allocated on the basis of investigator strength. The allocation between rural and urban sectors was made in proportion to the number of unorganised non-agricultural workers as per EC-98. The total (all-India) rural/ urban sample FSUs were allocated to different States and U.Ts. in proportion to number of unorganised non-agriculture workers as per EC-98 subject to the availability of investigators ensuring more or less uniform work-load. Within each sector of a State/ U.T, the respective sample sizes were allocated to the different strata in proportion to the stratum population as per census 2001.Out of these 9997 FSUs allotted for survey, 9923 FSUs could be surveyed - 4798 in rural and 5125 in urban. Note that in the 62nd round, a sample of 10706 FSUs (4962 villages and 5744 urban blocks) was also selected for survey by the state agencies (State sample) at the all-India level.

Sample size – second stage units: For Schedule 10, a sample of 8 households was planned to be surveyed from each selected village and urban block. In the Central sample, 78879 households were actually surveyed – 37975 in rural areas and 40904 in urban areas.
As regards the actual number of persons surveyed, it was 186571 in the rural sector and 190806 in the urban sector.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sample deviation.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Summary description of the schedule : The schedule 10 on employment-unemployment for NSS62nd round consisted of 9 blocks as given below.

Block 0: Descriptive identification of sample household Block 1: Identification of sample household Block 2: Particulars of field operations Block 3 - Household Characteristics. Block 4: Demographic particulars of household members Block 5: Usual activity particulars of household member Block 6: Time disposition of household members during the week Block 7: Remarks by investigator/ senior investigators Block 8: Comments by supervisory officer(s).

Cleaning operations

System design document giving details of Receipt of schedule,data entry,verification and updation of data is attached as an external resource document

Abstract

Objective of the survey on employment and unemployment:

The basic objective of the employment-unemployment surveys of NSSO is to get estimates of the employment and unemployment characteristics at national and State level. The statistical indicators on labour market are required for planning, policy and decision making at various levels, both within government and outside. Some of the important uses of these indicators include use by the Planning Commission in evolving employment strategy, use by National Accounts Division in estimating gross domestic product using sector wise workforce participation, and use by various researchers to analyse the condition of the labour market. In this context, it may be mentioned that data collected in NSS employment-unemployment surveys was widely used by the National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector (NCEUS), 2009. In NSS 68th round, information on various facets of employment and unemployment will be collected in Schedule 10 (Employment and Unemployment) from all the members of the selected households.

The critical issues in the context of labour force enquiries pertain to defining the labour force and measuring participation of labour force in different economic activities. The activity participation of the people is not only dynamic but also multidimensional; it varies with region, age, education, gender, industry and occupational category. These aspects of the labour force will be captured in detail in the present survey on employment and unemployment. Major types of information that will be collected in this round relate to activity status, industry, occupation and earning from employment for the employees along with education particulars, etc. Besides, the survey will also provide insight into the informal sector and informal employment. Information will be collected from the workers about the type of enterprises in which they were engaged and conditions of employment for the employees. Using the data collected from employment and unemployment surveys, indicators will be generated on labour force participation rate, worker population ratio, unemployment rates, employment in the informal sector, informal employment, wages of employees, etc.

Description:

The survey on employment and unemployment is the prime source of estimates of various parameters of labour force and activity participation of the population. The first quinquennial survey on employment - unemployment, carried out by the NSSO in the 27th round (September 1972 - October 1973), made a marked departure from the earlier employment surveys of NSSO in procedure and content. The concepts and procedures followed in this survey were primarily based on the recommendations of the 'Expert Committee on Unemployment Estimates' (1970). Since then, the seven successive quinquennial surveys conducted in the 32nd, 38th, 43rd, 50th, 55th, 61st and 66th rounds have, more or less, followed an identical approach in the measurement of employment and unemployment. The basic approach (in all these seven quinquennial surveys) had been the collection of data to generate the estimates of employment and unemployment according to the 'usual status' based on a reference period of one year, the 'current weekly status' based on a reference period of one week, and the 'current daily status' based on each day of the seven days preceding the date of survey. In order to reveal the multi-dimensional aspects of the employment-unemployment situation in India, information on several correlates were also gathered in these surveys. Sets of probing questions on some of these aspects had also been one of the basic features of these surveys. In NSS 68th round (July 2011- June 2012), detailed information on employment-unemployment was collected in the same way as was done in the last quinquennial survey, i.e., in NSS 66th round.

A Working Group was set up for the purpose of finalising the survey methodology and schedules of enquiry of the 68th round. Considering all the aspects of current data demand and usefulness of the survey results, the Group has suggested a few improvisations, additions and deletions in the content of the schedule of enquiry for the present survey. The major changes made in the schedule for employment and unemployment survey vis-à-vis the previous quinquennial survey (NSS 66th round) are given below:

a) Block 3: 1) In NSS 66th round survey, along with the information on 'whether the household has NREG job card', information was collected on 'whether got work in NREG works during the last 365 days', 'number of days worked' and 'mode of payment'. In NSS 68th round for rural households, information on Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (MGNREG) works was collected on the following: i. whether the household has MGNREG job card ii. number of MGNREG job cards issued to the household iii. whether any member of the household has any bank/post office account Information on the last two items (viz., ii & iii) will be collected from the households which have got MGNREG job card. 2) Household type codes and procedure for determination of household type codes in rural areas have been modified.

b) Block 3.1: In this block information on indebtedness of rural labour households was collected in NSS 66th round. This Block was not canvassed in NSS 68th round.

c) Block 4: i. Instead of collecting information on 'whether currently registered with employment exchange' for persons of age 15-45 years as was done in NSS 66th round, information was collected for the same age group on 'whether currently registered with any placement agency'. ii. In NSS 66th round, for vocational training, detailed information was collected on 'duration of training', 'source from which degree/diploma/certificate received' and 'whether the vocational training was ever helpful in getting a job'. In NSS 68th round, collection of information on vocational training was restricted only to 'whether receiving/received any vocational training' and 'field of training'. iii. For persons of age 18 years and above in rural households with MGNREG job card, information was collected on 'whether registered in any MGNREG job card' and, for those who were registered in any MGNREG job card 'whether worked in MGNREG work during last 365 days'. Such information was not collected in NSS 66th round.

d) Block 5.1/5.2: i. Information on 'seeking or available or suitable for the type of occupation' which was collected in NSS 66th round in Block 5.1 from the non-workers of age below 75 years, was not collected. ii. The probing questions to the self-employed persons in the usual status (Block 5.1/5.2) to identify Home Based Workers have been deleted.

e) Block 5.3: i. In this block, for those who were unemployed on all the 7 days of the week, information was also collected on 'duration of present spell of unemployment'. In NSS 66th round, this question was placed in Block 6. Except retaining this item in Block 5.3, Block 6 of NSS 66th round on follow-up questions for persons unemployed on all the 7 days of the week has been deleted.

f) Block 6 (Block 7.1/7.2 of NSS 66th round): i. Block 7.1 and Block 7.2 have been restructured by deleting some of the items and a new block (Block 6) has been formed in NSS 68th round. ii. Questions on remunerativeness of the earning from self-employment which were asked in NSS 66th round in Block 7.1 to the self-employed persons in principal status and/or subsidiary status have been deleted. These were, 'do you regard the current earning from self-employment as remunerative?' and 'what amount per month would you regard as remunerative?'. iii. Information was collected in NSS 66th round in Block 7.2 on some aspects of labour mobility, such as, whether changed establishment, status, industry, occupation during the period of last two years. Information on these items was not collected in NSS 68th round. iv. The three items of Block 7.2 of NSS 66th round which have been retained in NSS 68th round are placed in Block 6. These are: 1. Is there any union/association in your activity? 2. Whether a member of union/association 3. Nature of employment

Geographic coverage

The survey will cover the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample design

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 68th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) are the 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling is the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages (henceforth the term 'village' would include also Panchayat wards for Kerala) constitutes the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of UFS blocks (2007-12) is considered as the sampling frame.

Stratification: Within each district of a State/ UT, generally speaking, two basic strata have been formed: i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising of all the urban areas of the district. However, within the urban areas of a district, if there are one or more towns with population 10 lakhs or more as per population census 2001 in a district, each of them forms a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district are considered as another

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Household, Individual

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample Design Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 60th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) will be the 1991 census villages in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) will be households in both the sectors. In case of large villages/blocks requiring hamlet-group (hg)/sub-block (sb) formation, one intermediate stage will be the selection of two hgs/sbs from each FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of Census 1991 villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) and Census 1981 villages for J & K will constitute the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks will be considered as the sampling frame.

Stratification Rural sector: Two special strata will be formed at the State/ UT level, viz.

Stratum 1: all FSUs with population between 0 to 50 and Stratum 2: FSUs with population more than 15,000.

Special stratum 1 will be formed if at least 50 such FSUs are found in a State/UT. Similarly, special stratum 2 will be formed if at least 4 such FSUs are found in a State/UT. Otherwise, such FSUs will be merged with the general strata.

From FSUs other than those covered under special strata 1 and 2, general strata will be formed and its numbering will start from 3. Each district of a State/UT will normally be treated as a separate stratum. However, if the census rural population of the district is greater than or equal to 2.5 million as per population census 2001 or 2 million as per population census 1991, the district will be split into two or more strata, by grouping contiguous tehsils to form strata. However, in Gujarat, some districts are not wholly included in an NSS region. In such cases, the part of the district falling in an NSS region will constitute a separate stratum.

Urban sector: In the urban sector, strata will be formed within each NSS region on the basis of size class of towns as per Population Census 2001. The stratum numbers and their composition (within each region) are given below.

stratum 1: all towns with population less than 50,000 stratum 2: all towns with population 50,000 or more but less than 2 lakhs stratum 3: all towns with population 2 lakhs or more but less than 10 lakhs stratum 4, 5, 6,...: each town with population 10 lakhs or more

The stratum numbers will remain as above even if, in some regions, some of the strata are not formed.

Total sample size (FSUs): 7612 FSUs have been allocated at all-India level on the basis of investigator strength in different States/UTs for central sample and 8260 for state sample.

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs: The total number of sample FSUs is allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to provisional population as per Census 2001 subject to the availability of investigators ensuring more or less uniform work-load.

Allocation of State/UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/UT level sample is allocated between two sectors in proportion to provisional population as per Census 2001 with 1.5 weightage to urban sector subject to the restriction that urban sample size for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc. should not exceed the rural sample size. Earlier practice of giving double weightage to urban sector has been modified considering the fact that there has been considerable growth in urban population. A minimum of 8 FSUs will be allocated to each state/UT separately for rural and urban areas.

Allocation to strata: Within each sector of a State/UT, the respective sample size will be allocated to the different strata in proportion to the stratum population as per census 2001. Allocations at stratum level will be adjusted to a multiple of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4.

Selection of FSUs: FSUs will be selected with Probability Proportional to Size With Replacement (PPSWR), size being the population as per Population Census 1991 in all the strata for rural sector except for stratum 1. In stratum 1 of rural sector and in all the strata of urban sector, selection will be done using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). Within each stratum, samples will be drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples in both the rural and urban sectors.

Note: Detail sampling procedure is provided as external resource.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Schedule 10: Employment and Unemployment

Block 0- Descriptive identification of sample household: This block is meant for recording descriptive identification particulars of the sample household and the sample village/block to which the sample household belongs.

Block 1- Identification of sample household: The identification particulars of the sample household are to be recorded against items 1, 5 to 15.

Block 2- Particulars of field operation: The identity of the Investigator, Assistant Superintendent and Superintendent associated, date of survey/inspection/scrutiny of Schedules, despatch, etc., will be recorded in this block against the appropriate items in the relevant columns.

Block 3- Household characteristics: Certain household characteristics, such as, household size, household type, religion, social-group, household industry, household occupation, monthly household consumer expenditure, land possessed as on the date of survey (code) etc., will be recorded in this block.

Block 4- Demographic and usual activity particulars of household members: This block is meant to record the demographic particulars like sex, age, marital status, educational level etc. and usual principal activity and usual subsidiary activity particulars of all the household members.

Block 5- Time disposition of members during the week: This block is meant for recording the time disposition for all the 7 days preceding the date of survey, the current weekly status based on the 7 days time disposition, wage and salary earnings during the week, etc.

Block 6- Follow-up questions for persons unemployed on all the seven days of the week: This block is meant for collecting information on persons who are found to be unemployed on all the seven days of the week preceding the date of survey.

Block 7- Particulars of vocational training received by household members: Particulars of formal vocational training received will be collected in respect of all the household members who are in the age group 15-29 with minimum general education level middle and above but below graduate (i.e with codes 05 to 08 in column 7, block 4) and for those who are graduate in vocational courses within the age group 15-29.

Block 8- Household consumer expenditure: This block is meant for collecting household consumer expenditure information which is the sum total of monetary values of all goods and services consumed (out of purchase or procured otherwise) by the household on domestic account during a specific reference period.

Block 9- Remarks by investigator: Any remark which is considered necessary for explaining any peculiarity in the consumption pattern of the household or any other item-specific unusual feature of the household or of any member thereof will be noted here.

Block 10- Comments by supervisory officer(s): The supervisory officers should note their views on any aspect pertaining to the characteristics under enquiry in this schedule relating to the household or any member thereof.

The Indian female labor force in general was in a state of steady growth during the presented timeframe. The dominant category is women between the age of 25 to 54, which has increased to 86.18 million in 2021. All categories saw visible increases. The labor force includes persons of working age who are actively engaged in the labor market. It is the sum of persons employed and the unemployed.

Abstract

An all-India survey on the situation of employment and unemployment in India during the period January to June, 2004 was carried out as part of the annual series in the 60th round of the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). In this survey, a nation-wide enquiry was conducted in a moderately large sample of households to provide estimates on various characteristics pertaining to employment and unemployment in India and some characteristics associated with them at the national and state levels. Information on various facets of employment and nemployment in India were collected through a schedule of enquiry (Schedule 10). These apart, information on vocational training received by persons in the age group 15-29 were collected for the first time in NSS surveys.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union excepting (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) 768 interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond 5 kms. of the bus route and (iii) villages of Andaman & Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year. A few other areas of Jammu & Kashmir were also excluded from the survey coverage owing to unfavourable field conditions.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

An outline of the sampling design: The sampling design adopted for the survey was essentially a stratified multi-stage one for both rural and urban areas. The first stage units (FSUs) were villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) for rural areas and NSS Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks for urban areas. The ultimate stage units (USUs) were households. Large FSUs were subdivided into hamlet–groups (rural)/sub-blocks (urban). Details of the formation of hamlet–groups/sub-blocks and procedure of selection of hamlet–groups/sub-blocks and then of households are also given in Appendix B.

Sampling Frame for FSUs: The list of villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) as per 1991 Census and latest lists of UFS blocks of NSSO were respectively used for selection of rural and urban sample FSUs. For selection of sample villages from the State of Jammu & Kashmir, the list of villages as per 1981 Census was used as the sampling frame. However, interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond 5 kms. of the bus route and inaccessible villages of Andaman & Nicobar Islands were left out of the survey coverage of NSS 60th round.

The procedure for selection of fsus/usus is given in detail in Appendix B of the report no.506 attached as external resources.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sample deviation.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Summary description of the schedule : The schedule 10 on employment-unemployment for NSS60th round consisted of 10 blocks as given below.

Block 0: Descriptive identification of sample household Block 1: Identification of sample household Block 2: Particulars of field operations Block 3 - Household Characteristics. Block 4: demographic and usual activity particulars of household members Block 5: Time disposition of members during the week ended on ........... Block 6: Follow-up questions for persons unemployed on all the 7 days of the week Block 7: Particulars of vocational training received by household members aged 15 - 29 Block 8: household consumer expenditure Block 9: Remarks by investigator Block 10: Comments by supervisory officer(s)

Response rate

A total number of 7,612 FSUs (4,908 villages and 2,704 urban blocks) was selected for survey in the Central sample at the all-India level in the 60th round for canvassing Schedule 10. Out of these 7612 FSUs allotted for survey, 7424 FSUs could be surveyed - 4755 in rural and 2669 in urban.

second stage units: For Schedule 10, a sample of 8 households was selected and surveyed from each selected village and urban block. In the Central sample, 59159 households were actually surveyed – 37883 in rural areas and 21276 in urban areas. As regards the actual number of persons surveyed, it was 204403 in the rural sector and 99425 in the urban sector.

This dataset presents a dual-version representation of employment-related data from India, crafted to highlight the importance of data cleaning and transformation in any real-world data science or analytics project.

🔹 Dataset Composition:

It includes two parallel datasets: 1. Messy Dataset (Raw) – Represents a typical unprocessed dataset often encountered in data collection from surveys, databases, or manual entries. 2. Cleaned Dataset – This version demonstrates how proper data preprocessing can significantly enhance the quality and usability of data for analytical and visualization purposes.

Each record captures multiple attributes related to individuals in the Indian job market, including: - Age Group
- Employment Status (Employed/Unemployed)
- Monthly Salary (INR)
- Education Level
- Industry Sector
- Years of Experience
- Location
- Perceived AI Risk
- Date of Data Recording

Transformations & Cleaning Applied:

The raw dataset underwent comprehensive transformations to convert it into its clean, analysis-ready form: - Missing Values: Identified and handled using either row elimination (where critical data was missing) or imputation techniques. - Duplicate Records: Identified using row comparison and removed to prevent analytical skew. - Inconsistent Formatting: Unified inconsistent naming in columns (like 'monthly_salary_(inr)' → 'Monthly Salary (INR)'), capitalization, and string spacing. - Incorrect Data Types: Converted columns like salary from string/object to float for numerical analysis. - Outliers: Detected and handled based on domain logic and distribution analysis. - Categorization: Converted numeric ages into grouped age categories for comparative analysis. - Standardization: Uniform labels for employment status, industry names, education, and AI risk levels were applied for visualization clarity.

Purpose & Utility:

This dataset is ideal for learners and professionals who want to understand: - The impact of messy data on visualization and insights - How transformation steps can dramatically improve data interpretation - Practical examples of preprocessing techniques before feeding into ML models or BI tools

It's also useful for: - Training ML models with clean inputs
- Data storytelling with visual clarity
- Demonstrating reproducibility in data cleaning pipelines

By examining both the messy and clean datasets, users gain a deeper appreciation for why “garbage in, garbage out” rings true in the world of data science.

Abstract

The Employment and Unemployment surveys of National sample Survey (NSS) are primary sources of data on various indicators of labour force at National and State levels. These are used for planning, policy formulation, decision support and as input for further statistical exercises by various Government organizations, academicians, researchers and scholars. NSS surveys on employment and un-employment with large sample size of households have been conducted quinquennially from 27th. round(October'1972 - September'1973) onwards. The NSS 68th. round carried out during July'2011 - June'2012 was the nineth quinquennial round in the series covering subjects of (i) Household Consumer Expenditure and (ii) Employment and Unemployment.

Field work of the survey is carried out by the Field Operation Division ( FOD ) of National Sample Survey Office ( NSSO ) in which the central samples are covered. most of the State Governments also participate in the survey on matching sample size basis.

The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) during the period July 2011 - June 2012 carried out an all-India household survey on the subject of employment and unemployment in India as a part of 68th round of its survey programme. In this survey, the nation-wide enquiry was conducted to generate estimates of various characteristics pertaining to employment and unemployment and labour force characteristics at the national and State levels. Information on various facets of employment and unemployment in India was collected through a schedule of enquiry (Schedule 10) adopting the established concepts, definitions and procedures. Based on the data collected during the entire period of survey, estimates of some key employment-unemployment characteristics in India and States have been presented in the NSSO published report on Key Indicators of Employment and Unemployment July'2011 - June'2012 ( 68th Round).

The main objective of the employment-unemployment surveys conducted by NSSO at periodic interval is to get estimates of level parameters of various employment and unemployment characteristics at national and State level. These statistical indicators on labour market are required for planning, policy and decision making at various levels, both within the government and outside. The critical issues in the context of labour force enquiries pertain to defining the labour force and measuring participation of labour force in different economic activities. The activity participation of the people is not only dynamic but also multidimensional: it varies with region, age, education, gender, level of living, industry and occupational category. These aspects of the labour force are captured in detail in the NSS survey on employment and unemployment and estimates are generated for labour force participation rate, worker population ratio, unemployment rate, wages of employees, etc. The indicators of the structural aspects of the workforce such as status in employment, industrial distribution and occupational distribution are also derived from the survey. Besides, from the data collected on the particulars of enterprises and conditions of employment, the aspects of employment in the informal sector and informal employment are reflected through the conceptual framework of the survey.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remained inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Households and Persons

Universe

Households and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The 68th round (July 2011-June 2012) of NSS was earmarked for survey on 'Household Consumer Expenditure' and 'Employment and Unemployment'. The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year. In addition to these, all the sample first stage units of the following areas were casualty in different sub-rounds: in sub-rounds 1, 2,3 and 4. In each of these four sub-rounds equal number of sample villages/ blocks (FSUs) was allotted for survey with a view to ensuring uniform spread of sample FSUs over the entire survey period. Attempt was made to survey each of the FSUs during the sub-round to which it is allotted. Because of the arduous field conditions, this restriction need not be strictly enforced in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep and rural areas of Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.

Sample Design A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 68th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) was the 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) was households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling was the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

Selection of the first-stage units: The various steps involved before making the selection of the FSUs are discussed at length in the following few paragraphs before taking up the issue of selection of USUs within FSUs.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) constituted the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available UFS blocks constituted the sampling frame.

Stratification of the first stage units: Within each district of a State/ UT, two basic strata were formed as follows: Within each sector of a State/ UT, the respective sample size will be allocated to the different strata/ sub-strata in proportion to the population as per census 2001. Allocations at stratum level were adjusted to multiples of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4. Allocation for each sub-stratum was 4. Equal number of samples were allocated among the four sub-rounds.

Selection of first-stage units: For the rural sector, from each stratum/ sub-stratum, required number of sample villages were selected by probability proportional to size with replacement (PPSWR), size being the population of the village as per Census 2001. For urban sector, from each stratum FSUs were selected by using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). Both rural and urban samples were drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples.

Selection of Ultimate Stage Units (USU) within a FSU: The remaining paragraphs of this sub-section outlines the various steps leading to the actual selection of USUs within a FSU.

Criterion for hamlet-group/ sub-block formation: After identification of the boundaries of the FSU, it is to be determined whether listing was done in the whole sample FSU or not. In case the population of the selected FSU is found to be 1200 or more, it should be divided into a suitable number (say, D) of 'hamlet-groups' in the rural sector and 'sub-blocks' in the urban sector by more or less equalising the population as stated below.

approximate present population of the sample FSU no. of hg's/sb's to be formed

less than 1200 (no hamlet-groups/sub-blocks) 1
1200 to 1799 3
1800 to 2399 4
2400 to 2999 5
3000 to 3599 6
…………..and so on

For rural areas of Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand (except four districts Dehradun (P), Nainital (P), Hardwar and Udham Singh Nagar), Poonch, Rajouri, Udhampur, Doda, Leh (Ladakh), Kargil districts of Jammu and Kashmir and Idukki district of Kerala, the number of hamlet-groups were formed as follows:

approximate present population of the sample village no. of hg's to be formed

less than 600 (no hamlet-groups) 1 600 to 899 3 900 to 1199 4 1200 to 1499 5 .………..and so on

Formation and selection of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks: In case hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks are to be formed in the sample FSU, the same should be done by more or less equalizing population.It was ensured that the hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks formed were clearly identifiable in terms of physical landmarks.

Two hamlet-groups (hg)/ sub-blocks (sb) were selected from a large FSU wherever hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks have been formed in the following manner - one hg/ sb with maximum percentage share of population always selected and termed as hg/ sb 1; one more hg/ sb selected from the remaining hg's/ sb's by simple random sampling (SRS) and termed as hg/ sb 2. Listing and selection of the households done independently in the two selected hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks. The FSUs without hg/ sb formation treated as sample hg/ sb number 1. It is to be noted that if more than one hg/ sb have same maximum percentage share of population, the one among them which is listed first in block 4.2 of schedule 0.0 treated as hg/ sb 1.

Listing of households: Having determined the hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks, i.e. area(s) to be considered for listing, the next step is to list all the households (including those found to be temporarily locked after ascertaining the temporariness of locking of households through

Abstract

One of the important surveys conducted regularly by the nsso is the quinquennial survey on employment-unemployment. The first such survey was done during september 1972 - october 1973 corresponding to the 27th round of nsso.

The seventh such all-india survey on the situation of employment and unemployment in India was carried out as a part of the 61st round of the national sample survey organisation (nsso) during the period july 2004 - june 2005. In this survey, a nation-wide enquiry was conducted to provide estimates on various characteristics pertaining to employment and unemployment in India and some characteristics associated with them at the national and state levels. Information on various facets of employment and unemployment in India was collected through a schedule of enquiry (schedule 10).

In this survey, apart from the information usually collected in the quinquennial rounds, information on some new items has been collected. This has been done following the suggestions made by the Working Group set up to finalise the survey methodology and schedules of enquiry of the 61st round. Some of the more important among them, which have enlarged the scope of the survey are stated below:

a) Certain information on informal employment had been collected from all usual status workers with respect to their principal work activity and/or their subsidiary activity, engaged in non-agricultural sector as well as in the agricultural sector excluding only growing of crops, market gardening, horticulture and growing of crops combined with farming of animals. Indeed, according to NIC-98, information on informal employment had been collected from usual status workers engaged in industry groups 012, 014, 015 and divisions 10 to 99.

b) In the employment and unemployment surveys, data on wages had so far been collected for the employees according to the current daily status. In the 61st round survey, attempt had been made to assess the quality of self-employment in terms of the earnings through certain probing questions. From the self-employed persons according to the usual status, information on two items viz. ‘whether earning from self-employment was remunerative’ and ‘what amount per month was considered remunerative’ was collected in terms of codes.

c) Information on vocational training receiving/received by the persons of age 15 to 29 years had been collected. Further, among those who had received or were receiving ‘formal vocational training’, information on the ‘source from where degree/diploma/certificate received/ to be received’, ‘duration of training’ and ‘field of training’ had been collected.

d) Information on ‘voluntary participation without remuneration in production of goods and services’ had been collected for those members of the household who were not workers, considering both principal and subsidiary status, as per existing production boundary followed by NSSO.

e) Instead of collecting information on skill, information on ‘seeking or available or suitable for the type of occupation’ had been collected for the persons of age below 75 years who were not employed in the usual principal status.

f) Information on ‘period of seeking/availability for work during the last 365 days’ had been collected for all the persons of age 5 years and above. In the earlier quinquennial rounds, this information was collected only for those who were unemployed in the usual principal status.

It may be noted that in case more than one subsidiary economic activity was pursued during the reference period, the details of maximum two usual subsidiary economic activities were recorded in the 55th round survey depending upon the relatively longer time criteria. In this round, only one usual subsidiary economic activity pursued for relatively more time was recorded and a person was considered to have performed subsidiary economic activity if the activity was performed at least for 30 days in the reference year.

Scope : As in the past, in the present survey too, NSSO collected data on some characteristics, based on which, estimates of employment and unemployment, measured in terms of 3 basic approaches viz. usual status, current weekly status and current daily status could be obtained. The reference period for these approaches differs - it being 365 days preceding the date of survey for ‘usual status’, 7 days preceding the date of survey for ‘current weekly status’ and each day of the 7 days preceding the date of survey for ‘current daily status’.

Data were collected on the activity status of all persons, i.e. for workers, for those seeking or available for work and also for those remaining out of labour force. A worker could be self-employed or enjoy regular salary/wages or be employed on casual wage basis. Data on this aspect, along with the industry of work of the worker and his/her occupation, were collected during this survey. In order to reveal the multi-dimensional features of the employment-unemployment situation in India, information on several correlates pertaining to it were also gathered. In addition, probing questions were put to the workers in order to understand the extent of underutilization of the their labour time and to acquire more specific information in this regard. An effort was also made to collect information on the qualitative aspects of employment like changes in activity status, occupation /industry, availability of trade unions/associations, nature of employment (permanent/temporary), etc. Data were also collected from the usual status workers, engaged in industry groups 012, 014, 015 and divisions 10 to 99 of NIC-98, with respect to some particulars of the enterprise in which they were engaged viz. location of work place, type of enterprises, number of workers in the enterprise etc. and some particulars on the condition of employment like type of job contract, eligibility for paid leave, availability of social security benefits etc.. Data were also collected to get some idea about earning from self-employment. Information on vocational training receiving/received by the persons of age 15 to 29 years was also collected in the 61st round survey.

Geographical coverage: The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond 5 kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remained inaccessible throughout the year.

Sub-round: The fieldwork of the 61st round of NSSO started from 1st July, 2004 and continued till 30th June, 2005. As usual, the survey period of this round was divided into four sub-rounds, each with a duration of three months, the 1st sub-round period ranging from July to September 2004, the 2nd sub-round period from October to December 2004 and so on. An equal number of sample villages/blocks (FSUs) were allotted for survey in each of these four sub-rounds. The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Households and persons

Universe

Households and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

In the 61st round survey, a stratified multi-stage sampling design was adopted for selection of the sample units for rural as well as urban areas. The first stage units (FSUs) were the census villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) for rural areas and the NSSO Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks for urban areas. The ultimate stage units (USUs) were the households for both rural and urban areas. Hamlet-groups/sub-blocks constituted the intermediate stage whenever these were formed in the sample FSUs. For rural areas, the list of 2001 census villages constitut ed the sampling frame for selection of sample FSUs for most of the states. For the rural areas of Kerala, however, the list of panchayat wards was used as the sampling frame for selection of panchayat wards. For the urban areas, the latest lists of UFS blocks constituted the sampling frame for selection of sample FSUs. Within each district of a State/UT, two separate basic strata were formed for rural areas and urban areas. All rural areas of the district comprised rural stratum and all the urban areas of the district comprised urban stratum.

At the all-India level, a total number of 12788 FSU’s (8128 villages and 4660 urban blocks) was allocated for the survey and this was allocated to the different States and UTs in proportion to population as per census 2001 which was then allocated between rural and urban sectors in proportion to population as per population census 2001 with 1.5 weightage to urban sector. Within each of the rural and urban sectors of a State/UT, the respective sample size was allocated to the different strata in proportion to the stratum population as per census 2001.

Within a district, if ‘r’ number of FSUs were allocated for a rural stratum, a total number of ‘r/2’ sub-strata were formed within that rural stratum. From each sub-stratum of the rural stratum of a district, two FSUs were selected with probability proportional to size with replacement (PPSWR), size being the population as per Population Census 2001. Within a district, if ‘u’ number of FSUs were allocated for a urban stratum, a total number of ‘u/2’ sub-strata were formed within that urban stratum. From each

In the second quarter of 2024, the unemployment rate among Black South Africans was 36.9 percent, marking a year-on-year change of 0.8 percent compared to the second quarter of 2023. On the other hand, the unemployment rate among white South Africans was 7.9 percent in the second quarter of 2024, with a 0.5 percent year-on-year change. Unemployment prevalent among youth and women The unemployment rate is the share of the labor force population that is unemployed, while the labor force includes individuals who are employed as well as those who are unemployed but looking for work. South Africa is struggling to absorb its youth into the job market. For instance, the unemployment rate among young South Africans aged 15-24 years reached a staggering 60.7 percent in the second quarter of 2023. Furthermore, women had higher unemployment rates than men. Since the start of 2016, the unemployment rate of women has been consistently more than that of men, reaching close to 36 percent compared to 30 percent, respectively. A new minimum wage and most paying jobs      In South Africa, a new minimum hourly wage went into effect on March 1, 2022. The minimum salary reached 23.19 South African rand per hour (1.44 U.S. dollars per hour), up from 21.69 South African rand per hour (1.35 U.S. dollars per hour) in 2021. In addition, the preponderance of employed South Africans worked between 40 and 45 hours weekly in 2021. Individuals holding Executive Management and Change Management jobs were the highest paid in the country, with salaries averaging 74,000 U.S. dollars per year.

Abstract

The National Sample Survey made its first attempt to collect information on the number of physically disabled persons during 15th round (July 1959 - June 1960). The survey on disabled persons (Schedule 26) was last conducted during 58th round of NSS (July – December 2002). Information was collected from the households on the nature of disability, viz. visual, hearing, speech and locomotor, of the household members. Along with these, mental disability was also considered in 58th round.

The main objective of the survey on “Survey of Persons with Disabilities” is to estimate indicators of incidence and prevalence of disability, cause of disability, age at onset of disability, facilities available to the persons with disability, difficulties faced by persons with disability in accessing public building/public transport, arrangement of regular care giver, out-of pocket expense relating to disability, etc. Further, estimates will be obtained on various employment and unemployment particulars in usual status for the household members with at least one disability. For each of the household members of age 12 to 59 years, information will be collected on whether receiving/received vocational/technical training. Also, for the household members with at least one disability who received formal vocational/technical training, information will be collected on field of training, duration of training, type of training, source of funding the training, etc.

Some of the important features of the Survey of Persons with Disabilities are given below:

(i) households members with disabilities will be identified using various features of each of the broad seven types of disabilities viz., locomotor, visual, hearing, speech and language, mental retardation/ intellectual disability, mental illness, other disabilities. (ii) Provision has been made in Schedule 26 to classify the persons with disabilities as per the classification used in PWD Act 2016 (iii) For the persons with disabilities, data will be collected on difficulty faced in accessing/ using public transport and accessing/ using public building. (iv)For the persons with disabilities, information will be collected whether having certificate of disability and percentage of disability as per certificate (v) For the persons with disabilities, information will be collected on arrangement of regular care giver. (vi)Information on out-of-pocket expenses relating to disability will be recorded (vii) For the persons with disabilities in the age group 3 to 35 years, information will be collected on particulars of enrolment in education. (viii) For each of the household members with disability, employment and unemployment particulars will be collected in usual status. (ix) For each of the household members of age 12 to 59 years with disability, information will be collected on whether receiving/received vocational/ technicaltraining. Moreover, those who received formal vocational/ technical training, further information will be collected on field of training, duration of training, type of training, source of funding the training, etc.

Geographic coverage

The survey covers the whole of the Indian Union except the villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which are difficult to access.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household.

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Sampling procedure

Sample Design

Formation of sub-units (SUs):

Rural areas: In usual NSS rounds, large sample villages are divided into a number of sub-divisions called hamlet-groups based on population (approximate present population) of the villages during survey. This procedure is modified in this round. During this round, a rural village will be notionally divided into a number of sub units (SU) of more or less equal population during the preparation of frame. Census 2011 population of villages will be projected by applying suitable growth rates and the number of SUs to be formed in a village will be determined apriori.The above procedure of SU formation will be implemented in the villages with population more than or equal to 1000 as per Census 2011. In the remaining villages, no SU will be formed. The number of SUs to be formed in the villages (with Census 2011 population 1000 or more) of the frame will be decided before selection of the samples following the criteria given below: projected population of the village no. of SUs formed less than 1200 1 1200 to 2399 2 2400 to 3599 3 3600 to 4799 4 4800 to 5999 5 .......and so on ....

Special case: 1.4.1.4.1 For rural areas of (i) Himachal Pradesh, (ii) Sikkim, (iii) Andaman & Nicobar Islands, (iv) Uttarakhand (except four districts Dehradun, Nainital, Hardwar and Udham Singh Nagar), (v) Punch, Rajouri, Udhampur, Reasi, Doda, Kishtwar, Ramban, Ladakh region (Leh and Kargil districts) of Jammu and Kashmir and (vi) Idukki district of Kerala, numbers of SUs to be formed in a village will be determined in such a way that each SU contains 600 or less projected population. Further, SUs will not be formed in the villages in the above mentioned districts/States with population less than 500 as per Census 2011. In the remaining villages the number of SUs to be formed for these States/districts will be as follows: projected population of the village no. of SUs to be formed less than 600 1 600 to 1199 2 1200 to 1799 3 1800 to 2399 4 2400 to 2999 5 .......and so on ....

For rural parts of Kerala, similar procedure as mentioned in para 1.4.1.3 above will be adopted with the modification that the SUs will be formed within Panchayat Wards instead of villages.

Outline of sample design: A stratified two stage design will be adopted for the 76th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) will be villages/UFS blocks/sub-units (SUs) as per the situation. The ultimate stage units (USU) will be households in both the sectors.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

The statistic shows the life expectancy at birth in India from 2013 to 2023. The average life expectancy at birth in India in 2023 was 72 years. Standard of living in India India is one of the so-called BRIC countries, an acronym which stands for Brazil, Russia, India and China, the four states considered the major emerging market countries. They are all in a similar advanced economic state and are expected to advance even further. India is also among the twenty leading countries with the largest gross domestic product / GDP, and the twenty countries with the largest proportion of global gross domestic product / GDP based on Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). Its unemployment rate has been stable over the past few years; India is also among the leading import and export countries worldwide. This alone should put India in a relatively comfortable position economically speaking, however, parts of the population of India are struggling with poverty and health problems. When looking at a comparison of the median age of the population in selected countries – i.e. one half of the population is older and the other half is younger –, it can be seen that the median age of the Indian population is about twenty years less than that of the Germans or Japanese. In fact, the median age in India is significantly lower than the median age of the population of the other emerging BRIC countries – Russia, China and Brazil. Additionally, the total population of India has been steadily increasing. Regarding life expectancy, India is neither among the countries with the highest, nor among those with the lowest life expectancy at birth. The majority of the Indian population is aged between 15 and 64 years, with only about 5 percent being older than 64.