From the late 19th century until the 1980s, the United States' unemployment rate was generally somewhere between three and ten percent of the total workforce. The periods when it peaked were in times of recession or depression - the Panic of 1893, which lasted until 1897, saw unemployment peak at over 18 percent, whereas the post-WWI recession saw unemployment spike to almost 12 percent in 1921.

However, the longest and most-severe period of mass unemployment in U.S. history came during the Great Depression - unemployment rose from just 3.2 percent in 1929 to one quarter of the total workforce in 1933, and it was not until the Second World War until it fell below five percent once more. Since this time, unemployment has never exceeded 10 percent, although it did come close during the recessions of the 1970s and 1980s.

More recent unemployment statistics for the U.S. can be found here.

Graph and download economic data for Unemployment Rate - 20 Yrs. & over (LNS14000024) from Jan 1948 to Jul 2025 about 20 years +, household survey, unemployment, rate, and USA.

Throughout the 1920s, prices on the U.S. stock exchange rose exponentially, however, by the end of the decade, uncontrolled growth and a stock market propped up by speculation and borrowed money proved unsustainable, resulting in the Wall Street Crash of October 1929. This set a chain of events in motion that led to economic collapse - banks demanded repayment of debts, the property market crashed, and people stopped spending as unemployment rose. Within a year the country was in the midst of an economic depression, and the economy continued on a downward trend until late-1932.

It was during this time where Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) was elected president, and he assumed office in March 1933 - through a series of economic reforms and New Deal policies, the economy began to recover. Stock prices fluctuated at more sustainable levels over the next decades, and developments were in line with overall economic development, rather than the uncontrolled growth seen in the 1920s. Overall, it took over 25 years for the Dow Jones value to reach its pre-Crash peak.

Main Topics: The Great Britain Historical Database is a large database of British nineteenth and twentieth-century statistics. Where practical the referencing of spatial units has been integrated, data for different dates have been assembled into single tables. The Great Britain Historical Database currently contains :Statistics from the 1861 Census and the Registrar General's reports, 1851-1861 Employment statistics from the census, 1841-1931 Demographic statistics from the census, 1841-1931 Mortality statistics from the Registrar General's reports, 1861-1920 Marriage statistics from the Registrar General's reports, 1841-1870 Trade union statistics for the Amalgamated Society of Engineers (ASE), 1851-1918 Trade union statistics for the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners (ASCJ), 1863-1912 Official poor law statistics, 1859-1915 and 1919-1939 Wage statistics, 1845-1906 Hours of work statistics, 1900-1913 Small debt statistics from county courts, 1847-1913 and 1938 There are six tables in this part of the Great Britain Historical Database : Tu_pc holds monthly local unemployment statistics for engineers (January 1902-December 1914), shipbuilders (January 1902-December 1914), printers (February 1902-December 1914) and carpenters and joiners (May 1901-October 1905). For details of the districts used please see the documentation. Div23_38 holds annual data taken from the official tabulations of the Ministry of Labour's Local Unemployment Index from 1923 to 1938 for eight divisions. Lui holds quarterly data taken from the official tabulations of the Ministry of Labour's Local Unemployment Index from January 1927 to July 1939. Lui_gaz provides locational information for the exchange areas listed in lui. Un_1928 holds information on registered unemployment at labour exchanges for 30th January 1928. Un_1933 holds information on registered unemployment at labour exchanges for 23rd January 1933. Please note: this study does not include information on named individuals and would therefore not be useful for personal family history research.

Data base of results of Reichstag elections between 1920 and 1933 as well as data on economic and social structure at various geographic aggregate levels (municipalities and districts); cross section analysis and longitudinal analysis possible. Topics: Identification variables for the area units: name of survey unit, constituency affiliation, aggregate codes; Reichstag election results (6.6.1920, 4.5.1924, 7.12.1924, 20.5.1928, 14.9.1930, 31.7.1932, 6.11.1932, 5.3.1933); social-structural collective characteristics of area units: number of residents, denominational structure, structure of the population according to economic divisions and professional position, unemployment. Datenbank der Ergebnisse der Reichstagswahlen zwischen 1920 und 1933 sowie Daten der Wirtschafts- und Sozialstruktur auf unterschiedlichem räumlichen Aggregierungsniveau (Gemeinde bzw. Kreise); Quer- und Längsschnittanalyse möglich. Themen: Identifikationsvariablen zu den Gebietseinheiten: Name der Erhebungseinheit, Wahlkreiszugehörigkeit, Aggregationscodes; Wahlergebnisse der Reichstagswahlen (6.6.1920, 4.5.1924, 7.12.1924, 20.5.1928, 14.9.1930, 31.7.1932, 6.11.1932, 5.3.1933); Sozialstrukturelle Kollektivmerkmale der Gebietseinheiten: Einwohnerzahl, Konfessionelle Gliederung, Gliederung der Bevölkerung nach Wirtschaftsabteilungen und nach beruflicher Stellung, Arbeitslosigkeit. Census Totalerhebung Sources: Official statistics (housing census, citizen and occupation census, unemployment statistics, election statistics). Quellen: Amtliche Statistik (Reichswohnungszählung, Volks- und Berufszählung, Arbeitslosenstatistik, Wahlstatistik).

Abstract

The employment/unemployment data are required at very short intervals to monitor the program made in the employment generating policies of the government. To satisfy this need, Sri Lanka Labour Force Survey was designed as a quarterly basis survey to measure the levels and trends of employment, unemployment and labour force in Sri Lanka. Thus the survey is repeated four times each year since the first quarter of 1990. Key objectives of the survey - To study the economically active / inactive population. - To analyze employment by major industry group and employment status. - To determine unemployment rates by level of education and by age group - To study the informal sector employment. - To determine the underemployment rates by sector and by major industries

Geographic coverage

National coverage. [Excluding the Northern and the Eastern Provinces] This survey covered persons living in housing units only and, it excludes the institutional population.

Analysis unit

Individuals from the population aged 10 years or more

Universe

Working age population (10 years and above) living in the non-institutional households in Sri Lanka

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

2.1 Sampling plan and the sampling frame A two stage stratified sampling procedure was adopted to select a sample of 22,500 housing units to be enumerated in the survey. The master sampling frame prepared for 2001 Census of Population and Housing was used as the sampling frame for the selection of sample for the labour force survey 2010.This main frame was updated after the Tsunami incident in 2007 using quick count method. 2.2 Sample size The quarterly survey was conducted since 1990 using a sample of 2,000 housing units per quarter in areas other than North and East, and the sample size was increased to 4,000 housing units per quarter in 1996 and continued thereafter. However, in 1992 and 1997, an annual sample of 20,000 housing units was selected to give reliable estimates of district level. In 2004 again 20,000 housing units were selected for the survey. However, in order to provide district level estimates precisely, it was decided to use 20,000 - 25,000 housing units as the annual sample from 2006. As such, in 2010, the annual sample of 22,500 housing units were selected. 2.3 Sample Allocation In 2010, 2,250 Primary Sampling Units (PSU's) are allocated to each district and each sector by using the Neymann Allocation method which considers the variance of unemployment rate as usually. The allocated sample for each district then equally distributed among the 12 months. Table 1 gives the sample distributions by district for year 2010 Table 1: Sample allocation by district - 2010 District Housing District Housing Units Units Total 22,500 Mullaitivu 390 Colombo 2,150 Kilinochchi 360 Gampaha 1,920 Batticaloa 560 Kalutara 1,210 Ampara 900 Kandy 1,400 Trincomalee 390 Matale 610 Kurunegala 1,680 Nuwara Eliya 600 Puttalam 840 Galle 1,200 Anuradhapura 960 Matara 970 Polonnaruwa 500 Hambantota 840 Badulla 860 Jaffna 720 Moneragala 550 Mannar 390 Ratnapura 1,160 Vavuniya 390 Kegalle 950 2.4 Selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSU) Primary sampling units are the census blocks prepared for the Census of Population and Housing - 2001. The sample frame, which was updated after Tsunami has been used for the selection of primary sampling units. 2.5 Selection of Secondary Sampling Units (SSU) Secondary Sampling Units are the housing units in the selected 2,250 primary sampling units (census blocks). From each primary sampling unit 10 housing units (SSU) are selected for the survey using random sampling method.

Sampling deviation

In 2009, the field work of the survey for the year 2011 was done in all twelve months in 2011.Even though it was planned to conduct the labour force survey in Northern and Eastern provinces, the survey could not be conducted properly in Northern province due to the prevailing conditions. In year 2011 the survey was carried out in Eastern province successfully as in 2009.Therefore, this report is based on an annual sample of 20,250 housing units, excluding only Northern province provoding national, provincial and district level estimates with a stipulated standard errors of labour force characteristics as reported in the relevant reference periods of each 12 months of the year 2011. This survey covers persons living in housing units only and, it excludes the institutional population.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Survey Schedule Current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the beginning of the survey in 1990. However, some changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Beginning in January 2006, some significant improvements were made to the labour force survey schedule in order to fulfill the requirements of it's users and also to provide additional information for the planning purposes. This was done after carefully reviewing of the LFS schedule with the technical assistance provided by the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) Adviser. The revision was made focusing on literacy, household economic activities, informal sector employment and underemployment etc. This revised version of the questionnaire has been using since first quarter, 2006.

Sampling error estimates

The estimation procedure is given in the section 2.6 in the Annual Report. The Annual Report is attched in the External Resources Section.

Data appraisal

The adjustments for non-response is given in the section 2.7 in the Annual Report. The Annual Report is attched in the External Resources Section.

Key information about Slovenia population

• The Slovenia population reached 2.1 million people in Dec 2023, compared with the previously reported figure of 2.1 million people in Dec 2022
• The data reached an all-time high of 2.1 million people in Dec 2023 and a record low of 1.3 million people in Dec 1920

• In the latest reports, Slovenia Unemployment Rate dropped to 3.4 % in Dec 2023
• Monthly earnings of the Slovenia population was 2,460.3 USD in Feb 2024
• Slovenia Labour Force Participation Rate dropped to 58.6 % in Dec 2023

From 1920 until 1970, the workforce of the United States grew from approximately 27 million people to 79 million people. Despite this growth, the share of the workforce employed in agriculture fell, dropping from around 11 to 3.5 million people. In 1920, there were approximately three nonagricultural workers in the U.S. for every two agricultural workers; by 1970, this ratio had shifted to roughly 22 to one. Employment in nonagricultural sectors grew in most years, yet there were regular declines that coincided with recessions or war; the largest dip came during the Great Depression in the early-1930s. Agricultural employment peaked at 11.5 million in 1907, but went into decline thereafter, with the sharpest fall coming after the Second World War.

Sources: Official statistics (housing census, citizen and occupation census, unemployment statistics, election statistics).

Evaluation of United Kingdom Engineering Strikes, 1920-1970 consists of detailed strikes information on individual member companies in the Engineering Employers' Federation (EEF) between 1920 and 1970. There are records on 10,944 individual strikes, covering 1,909 different member companies and 132 participating unions over 68 different engineering districts. The data comprise information on where and when the strike started, the duration in days (and where less than a day, hours), the company and unions involved, the number of people affected which includes both number of workers on strike and those made idle, and the reason for and the outcome of each strike. Monthly district-level unemployment rates, that match the EEF districts, are provided for the years 1960 to 1970. In addition there is a brief history of each union involved and information on mergers of unions through time into larger amalgams.

Abstract (en): This collection includes county-level data from the United States Censuses of Agriculture for the years 1840 to 2012. The files provide data about the number, types, output, and prices of various agricultural products, as well as information on the amount, expenses, sales, values, and production of machinery. Most of the basic crop output data apply to the previous harvest year. Data collected also included the population and value of livestock, the number of animals slaughtered, and the size, type, and value of farms. Part 46 of this collection contains data from 1980 through 2010. Variables in part 46 include information such as the average value of farmland, number and value of buildings per acre, food services, resident population, composition of households, and unemployment rates. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. Response Rates: Not applicable. Datasets:DS0: Study-Level FilesDS1: Farm Land Value Data Set (County and State) 1850-1959DS2: 1840 County and StateDS3: 1850 County and StateDS4: 1860 County and StateDS5: 1870 County and StateDS6: 1880 County and StateDS7: 1890 County and StateDS8: 1900 County and StateDS9: 1910 County and StateDS10: 1920 County and State, Dataset 1DS11: 1920 County and State, Dataset 2DS12: 1925 County and StateDS13: 1930 County and State, Dataset 1DS14: 1930 County and State, Dataset 2DS15: 1935 County and StateDS16: 1940 County and State, Dataset 1DS17: 1940 County and State, Dataset 2DS18: 1940 County and State, Dataset 3DS19: 1940 County and State, Dataset 4 (Water)DS20: 1945 County and StateDS21: 1950 County and State, Dataset 1DS22: 1950 Crops, County and State, Dataset 2DS23: 1950 County, Dataset 3DS24: 1950 County and State, Dataset 4DS25: 1954 County and State, Dataset 1DS26: 1954 Crops, County and State, Dataset 2DS27: 1959 County and State, Dataset 1DS28: 1959 Crops, County and State, Dataset 2DS29: 1959 County, Dataset 3DS30: 1964 Dataset 1DS31: 1964 Crops, County and State, Dataset 2DS32: 1964 County, Dataset 3DS33: 1969 All Farms, County and State, Dataset 1DS34: 1969 Farms 2500, County and State, Dataset 2DS35: 1969 Crops, County and State, Dataset 3DS36: 1974 All Farms, County and State, Dataset 1DS37: 1974 Farms 2500, County and State, Dataset 2DS38: 1974 Crops, County and State, Dataset 3DS39: 1978 County and StateDS40: 1982 County and StateDS41: 1987 County and StateDS42: 1992 County and StateDS43: 1997 County and StateDS44: 2002 County and StateDS45: 2007 County and StateDS46: State and County Data, United States, 1980-2010DS47: 2012 County and State Farms within United States counties and states. Smallest Geographic Unit: FIPS code The sample was the universe of agricultural operating units. For 1969-2007, data were taken from computer files from the Census Bureau and the United States Department of Agriculture. 2018-08-20 The P.I. resupplied data and documentation for 1935 County and State (dataset 15) and 1997 County and State (dataset 43). Additionally, documentation updates and variable label revisions have been incorporated in datasets 22, 26, 28, 31, 35, and 38 at the request of the P.I.2016-06-29 The data and documentation for 2012 County and State (data set 47) have been added to this collection. The collection and documentation titles have been updated to reflect the new year.2015-08-05 The data, setup files, and documentation for 1964 Dataset 1 have been updated to reflect changes from the producer. Funding insitution(s): National Science Foundation (NSF-SES-0921732; 0648045). United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health (R01 HD057929).

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The Great Britain Historical Database has been assembled as part of the ongoing Great Britain Historical GIS Project. The project aims to trace the emergence of the north-south divide in Britain and to provide a synoptic view of the human geography of Britain at sub-county scales. Further information about the project is available on A Vision of Britain webpages, where users can browse the database's documentation system online. The Great Britain Historical GIS Project has also produced digitised boundary data, which can be obtained from the UK Data Service Census Support service. Further information is available at census.ukdataservice.ac.uk Main Topics: The Great Britain Historical Database is a large database of British nineteenth and twentieth-century statistics. Where practical the referencing of spatial units has been integrated, data for different dates have been assembled into single tables. The Great Britain Historical Database currently contains :Statistics from the 1861 Census and the Registrar General's reports, 1851-1861 Employment statistics from the census, 1841-1931 Demographic statistics from the census, 1841-1931 Mortality statistics from the Registrar General's reports, 1861-1920 Marriage statistics from the Registrar General's reports, 1841-1870 Trade union statistics for the Amalgamated Society of Engineers (ASE), 1851-1918 Trade union statistics for the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners (ASCJ), 1863-1912 Official poor law statistics, 1859-1915 and 1919-1939 Wage statistics, 1845-1906 Hours of work statistics, 1900-1913 Small debt statistics from county courts, 1847-1913 and 1938 There are seven tables in this part of the Great Britain Historical Database : Ase_mr holds data for each branch of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers (ASE) taken from the Monthly Reports of the ASE from 1851 to 1912, and includes data about admissions, membership, unemployment benefit, strike pay, sickness benefit and pensions. Quarterly data from 1851 to 1872 and biannual data from 1873 to 1912. Ase_mr_95_96 holds a fuller version of the biannual data transcribed from the Monthly Reports of the ASE for 1895 and 1896, for which a special compressed format was used. Ase_admit holds annual admissions data for each branch taken from the Annual Reports of the ASE from 1853 to 1909. Ase_mem holds annual data about changes in membership for each branch taken from Annual Reports of the ASE for 1871 and 1872. Ase_fin holds summary annual data about the finances of the whole union taken from Annual Reports of the ASE from 1851 to 1918. Gaz_ase70 uniquely identifies individual ASE branches in existence between 1861 and 1871 and gives their location in 1871. Cj_mr holds biannual data for each branch of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners (ASCJ) taken from the Monthly Reports of the ASCJ from 1863 to 1912 (excluding 1870 reports), and includes data about admissions, membership, unemployment benefit, strike pay, sickness benefit and pensions. Please note: this study does not include information on named individuals and would therefore not be useful for personal family history research.

The Long Depression was, by a large margin, the longest-lasting recession in U.S. history. It began in the U.S. with the Panic of 1873, and lasted for over five years. This depression was the largest in a series of recessions at the turn of the 20th century, which proved to be a period of overall stagnation as the U.S. financial markets failed to keep pace with industrialization and changes in monetary policy. Great Depression The Great Depression, however, is widely considered to have been the most severe recession in U.S. history. Following the Wall Street Crash in 1929, the country's economy collapsed, wages fell and a quarter of the workforce was unemployed. It would take almost four years for recovery to begin. Additionally, U.S. expansion and integration in international markets allowed the depression to become a global event, which became a major catalyst in the build up to the Second World War. Decreasing severity When comparing recessions before and after the Great Depression, they have generally become shorter and less frequent over time. Only three recessions in the latter period have lasted more than one year. Additionally, while there were 12 recessions between 1880 and 1920, there were only six recessions between 1980 and 2020. The most severe recession in recent years was the financial crisis of 2007 (known as the Great Recession), where irresponsible lending policies and lack of government regulation allowed for a property bubble to develop and become detached from the economy over time, this eventually became untenable and the bubble burst. Although the causes of both the Great Depression and Great Recession were similar in many aspects, economists have been able to use historical evidence to try and predict, prevent, or limit the impact of future recessions.

In 1800, the region of Germany was not a single, unified nation, but a collection of decentralized, independent states, bound together as part of the Holy Roman Empire. This empire was dissolved, however, in 1806, during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras in Europe, and the German Confederation was established in 1815. Napoleonic reforms led to the abolition of serfdom, extension of voting rights to property-owners, and an overall increase in living standards. The population grew throughout the remainder of the century, as improvements in sanitation and medicine (namely, mandatory vaccination policies) saw child mortality rates fall in later decades. As Germany industrialized and the economy grew, so too did the argument for nationhood; calls for pan-Germanism (the unification of all German-speaking lands) grew more popular among the lower classes in the mid-1800s, especially following the revolutions of 1948-49. In contrast, industrialization and poor harvests also saw high unemployment in rural regions, which led to waves of mass migration, particularly to the U.S.. In 1886, the Austro-Prussian War united northern Germany under a new Confederation, while the remaining German states (excluding Austria and Switzerland) joined following the Franco-Prussian War in 1871; this established the German Empire, under the Prussian leadership of Emperor Wilhelm I and Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. 1871 to 1945 - Unification to the Second World War The first decades of unification saw Germany rise to become one of Europe's strongest and most advanced nations, and challenge other world powers on an international scale, establishing colonies in Africa and the Pacific. These endeavors were cut short, however, when the Austro-Hungarian heir apparent was assassinated in Sarajevo; Germany promised a "blank check" of support for Austria's retaliation, who subsequently declared war on Serbia and set the First World War in motion. Viewed as the strongest of the Central Powers, Germany mobilized over 11 million men throughout the war, and its army fought in all theaters. As the war progressed, both the military and civilian populations grew increasingly weakened due to malnutrition, as Germany's resources became stretched. By the war's end in 1918, Germany suffered over 2 million civilian and military deaths due to conflict, and several hundred thousand more during the accompanying influenza pandemic. Mass displacement and the restructuring of Europe's borders through the Treaty of Versailles saw the population drop by several million more.

Reparations and economic mismanagement also financially crippled Germany and led to bitter indignation among many Germans in the interwar period; something that was exploited by Adolf Hitler on his rise to power. Reckless printing of money caused hyperinflation in 1923, when the currency became so worthless that basic items were priced at trillions of Marks; the introduction of the Rentenmark then stabilized the economy before the Great Depression of 1929 sent it back into dramatic decline. When Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Nazi government disregarded the Treaty of Versailles' restrictions and Germany rose once more to become an emerging superpower. Hitler's desire for territorial expansion into eastern Europe and the creation of an ethnically-homogenous German empire then led to the invasion of Poland in 1939, which is considered the beginning of the Second World War in Europe. Again, almost every aspect of German life contributed to the war effort, and more than 13 million men were mobilized. After six years of war, and over seven million German deaths, the Axis powers were defeated and Germany was divided into four zones administered by France, the Soviet Union, the UK, and the U.S.. Mass displacement, shifting borders, and the relocation of peoples based on ethnicity also greatly affected the population during this time. 1945 to 2020 - Partition and Reunification In the late 1940s, cold war tensions led to two distinct states emerging in Germany; the Soviet-controlled east became the communist German Democratic Republic (DDR), and the three western zones merged to form the democratic Federal Republic of Germany. Additionally, Berlin was split in a similar fashion, although its location deep inside DDR territory created series of problems and opportunities for the those on either side. Life quickly changed depending on which side of the border one lived. Within a decade, rapid economic recovery saw West Germany become western Europe's strongest economy and a key international player. In the east, living standards were much lower, although unemployment was almost non-existent; internationally, East Germany was the strongest economy in the Eastern Bloc (after the USSR), though it eventually fell behind the West by the 1970s. The restriction of movement between the two states also led to labor shortages in t...

Datenbank der Ergebnisse der Reichstagswahlen zwischen 1920und 1933 sowie Daten der Wirtschafts- und Sozialstruktur aufunterschiedlichem räumlichen Aggregierungsniveau (Gemeindebzw. Kreise); Quer- und Längsschnittanalysemöglich. Themen: Identifikationsvariablen zu den Gebietseinheiten:Name der Erhebungseinheit, Wahlkreiszugehörigkeit,Aggregationscodes; Wahlergebnisse der Reichstagswahlen(6.6.1920, 4.5.1924, 7.12.1924, 20.5.1928, 14.9.1930,31.7.1932, 6.11.1932, 5.3.1933); SozialstrukturelleKollektivmerkmale der Gebietseinheiten: Einwohnerzahl,Konfessionelle Gliederung, Gliederung der Bevölkerung nachWirtschaftsabteilungen und nach beruflicher Stellung,Arbeitslosigkeit. Data base of results of Reichstag elections between 1920 and 1933 as well as data on economic and social structure at various geographic aggregate levels (municipalities and districts); cross section analysis and longitudinal analysis possible. Topics: Identification variables for the area units: name of survey unit, constituency affiliation, aggregate codes; Reichstag election results (6.6.1920, 4.5.1924, 7.12.1924, 20.5.1928, 14.9.1930, 31.7.1932, 6.11.1932, 5.3.1933); social-structural collective characteristics of area units: number of residents, denominational structure, structure of the population according to economic divisions and professional position, unemployment. Quellen: Amtliche Statistik (Reichswohnungszählung, Volks- und Berufszählung, Arbeitslosenstatistik, Wahlstatistik). Sources: Official statistics (housing census, citizen and occupation census, unemployment statistics, election statistics). Gemeinden und Kreise des Deutschen Reiches Municipalities and districts of the German Empire Auswahlverfahren Kommentar: Totalerhebung

In 1820, the islands of present-day New Zealand had a population of approximately 100,000 people. This figure would fall until the early 1840s, partly as a result of European diseases brought by colonizers, and a series of destructive inter-tribal wars among the Māori peoples. These conflicts were named the Musket Wars due to the European weapons whose introduction instigated the conflicts, and the wars saw the deaths of between 20,000 and 40,000 Māori, from 1807 to 1837. After falling to just 82 thousand in the 1840s, the population would begin to rise again in 1841 following the establishment of New Zealand as an official British colony, with a strong promotion of European settlement by British citizens sponsored by the Church of England. European migration to New Zealand was low in these early decades, but increased in the mid-19th century, particularly following the discovery of gold in New Zealand’s South Island in the 1860s. This growth would continue throughout the 1870s, in part the result of a strong promotion of mass migration from Britain by Premier Julius Vogel’s administration.

Early 20th century However, between 1881 and the 1920s, the New Zealand government heavily restricted Asiatic migration to the islands, resulting in a fall of population growth rate, which would remain until the Second World War. The country would experience a dip in population during the First World War, in which New Zealand would suffer approximately 18,000 military fatalities, and another 9,000 lost to the coinciding Spanish Flu epidemic. The population would stagnate again in the Second World War, which resulted in the death of almost 12,000 New Zealanders. In the years following the war, New Zealand would see a significant increase in population due to the mixture of a baby boom and a migrant spike from Europe and Asia, following a large demand for unskilled labor. Recent decades This increase continued for several decades, until international factors, such as the oil crises of 1973 and 1979, and the UK's accession to the European Economic Communities (which ended most of New Zealand's trade agreements with Britain; it's largest trade partner), greatly weakened New Zealand's economy in the 1970s. As a result, population growth stagnated during the 1970s, while economic problems persisted into the early 2000s. In contrast, the Great Recession of 2008 did not impact New Zealand as severely as most other developed nations, which allowed the economy to emerge as one of the fastest growing in the world, also leading to dropped unemployment levels and increased living standards. In 2020, with a population of almost five million people, New Zealand is regarded as one of the top countries in the world in terms of human development, quality of life and social freedoms.

In the year 1800, the population of the region which makes up the present-day Netherlands was approximately two million people. The beginning of the 19th century was a tumultuous time in Dutch history, as the region had recently been annexed by Revolutionary France; however the United Kingdom of the Netherlands was eventually established in 1815 (which also included present-day Belgium and Luxembourg) and a period of economic growth, modernization and high quality of life followed. In spite of this economic prosperity, religious tensions between the predominantly Catholic south and Protestant north led to a split in the kingdom in 1839, where it was eventually partitioned into Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, along borders very similar to today's. Rapid modernization and liberalization continued throughout the 19th century, and in 1900 the population of the Netherlands was over five million people.

Early 20th century The Netherlands was free to continue economic expansion, both in the metropole and in its colonies, uninterrupted for much of the first half of the 20th century (partly facilitated by its neutrality in the First World War). This resulted in a steady rise in population, which doubled to ten million within half a century. Population growth would even continue throughout the Second World War, as the Netherlands would be spared from much of the casualty-heavy conflicts seen in neighboring countries; however, most estimates concur that approximately 210,000 Dutch people died as a result of the war, half of which were Jews murdered in the Holocaust. The war also saw the end of Dutch colonization in the East Indies, as Japan annexed the region of present-day Indonesia in 1942; although the Dutch tried to re-colonize the region after the war, Indonesia became an officially recognized independent nation in 1949.

Netherlands today Population growth in the Netherlands would continue largely uninterrupted in the post-war years, until the 1970s, when it began to slow as Western Europe experienced periods of recession and high unemployment. Improvements in contraceptives and education also saw birth rates fall at their fastest ever rates in the 1970s. Following the recovery of the Dutch economy in the 1990s, population growth would resume once more, continuing steadily into the 21th century. In 2020, the Netherlands is estimated to have a population of just over 17 million people, making it one of the most densely populated countries in the world. For its size, the Netherlands has one of the strongest economies globally, and often ranks among the highest in terms of development, freedom and quality of life.