Graph and download economic data for Youth Unemployment Rate for India (SLUEM1524ZSIND) from 1991 to 2024 about 15 to 24 years, India, unemployment, and rate.

In 2024, the estimated youth unemployment rate in India was at 16.03 percent. According to the source, the data are ILO estimates. For the past decade, India’s youth unemployment rate has been hovering around the 22 percent mark. What is the youth unemployment rate?The youth unemployment rate refers to those in the workforce who are aged 15 to 24 years and without a job, but actively seeking one. Generally, youth unemployment rates are higher than the adult unemployment rates, and India is no exception: youth unemployment in India is significantly higher than the national unemployment rate. The Indian workforce, young and oldIndia’s unemployment rate in general is not remarkably high when compared to those of other countries. Both India’s unemployment rate and youth unemployment rate are below their global equivalents. In a comparison of the Asia-Pacific region countries, India ranks somewhere in the middle, with Cambodia’s unemployment rate being estimated to be below one percent, and Afghanistan’s the highest at 8.8 percent.

Unemployment Rate in India remained unchanged at 5.60 percent in June. This dataset provides - India Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The statistic shows the unemployment rate in India from 1999 to 2024. In 2024, the unemployment rate in India was estimated to be 4.2 percent. India's economy in comparison to other BRIC states India possesses one of the fastest-growing economies in the world and as a result, India is recognized as one of the G-20 major economies as well as a member of the BRIC countries, an association that is made up of rapidly growing economies. As well as India, three other countries, namely Brazil, Russia and China, are BRIC members. India’s manufacturing industry plays a large part in the development of its economy; however its services industry is the most significant economical factor. The majority of the population of India works in this sector. India’s notable economic boost can be attributed to significant gains over the past decade in regards to the efficiency of the production of goods as well as maintaining relatively low debt, particularly when compared to the total amount earned from goods and services produced throughout the years. When considering individual development as a country, India progressed significantly over the years. However, in comparison to the other emerging countries in the BRIC group, India’s progress was rather minimal. While China experienced the most apparent growth, India’s efficiency and productivity remained somewhat stagnant over the course of 3 or 4 years. India also reported a rather large trade deficit over the past decade, implying that its total imports exceeded its total amount of exports, essentially forcing the country to borrow money in order to finance the nation. Most economists consider trade deficits a negative factor, especially in the long run and for developing or emerging countries.

From October 2021 to March 2023, the highest unemployment rate in India was recorded in December 2022, with *** percent. As of March 2023, the unemployment rate was *** percent, slightly higher than the previous month.

Key information about India Unemployment Rate

• India Unemployment Rate increased to 7.11% in Dec 2020, from the previously reported figure of 5.27% in Dec 2019.
• India Unemployment Rate is updated yearly, available from Dec 1991 to Dec 2020, with an average rate of 5.66%.
• The data reached an all-time high of 7.11% in Dec 2020 and a record low of 5.27% in Dec 2019.
• The data is reported by reported by CEIC Data.
• In the latest reports, India Population reached 1,382.89 million people in Mar 2023.

Unemployment Rate in India - nationwide, state-wise, rural and urban employment, and comparison with global peers.

As per the Periodic Labour Force Survey of 2024, the unemployment rate among individuals with secondary education and above was 7.1 percent, the highest among other levels of education. Although the unemployment rate within this category fell from the previous financial year. Potential of the education sectorIndia's education sector is estimated to be valued at around 117 billion U.S. dollars, and it is expected to grow to 225 billion U.S. dollars by 2025. It is a growing trend for many young Indians to attain two or three degrees in the hope of attaining a job. One of the largest young populations in the world presents a unique opportunity for the country in the education sector. Educated unemployed Youth unemployment in India was over 15 percent in 2023. This is despite the abundance of highly educated professionals. The data suggests a sharp mismatch between the skills of the labor force and job creation. The lack of jobs in the non-farm sector for the newly graduated young population is a major cause of worry for the Indian economy.

Youth Unemployment Rate in India decreased to 22.90 percent in the first quarter of 2021 from 24.90 percent in the fourth quarter of 2020. This dataset provides - India Youth Unemployment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Labor Force Participation Rate in India remained unchanged at 50.40 percent in the fourth quarter of 2024 from 50.40 percent in the third quarter of 2024. This dataset provides - India Labor Force Participation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

With an unemployment rate of 14.1 percent, the urban areas of Himachal Pradesh had the highest unemployment rate in financial year 2023, followed by Andaman & Nicobar Islands. However, urban women had a higher unemployment rate than rural women in the country.

The share of employable women in India in 2025 saw a decrease from the previous year. Men accounted for about ** percent of employability that year. In fact, a larger share of women than men have constituted India’s employable talent since 2020 until a drop in 2025. Employability refers to a person's ability to gain and maintain employment. India’s professional talent pool Indian corporations and employers found a rich supply of highly employable graduates in states such as Maharashtra and Delhi. The demand for professionals with a year or more of working experience outweighed that of graduates without experience, thus, driving up the preference for internships. Some of the most employable candidates in 2024 were graduates with degrees in engineering, business administration and computer applications. Employability does not translate to employment However, higher employability did not translate to employment as was indicated by the country’s youth unemployment rate. Gender gap in participation at work has also persisted over the years. In addition to skill training, more jobs need to be created to absorb the growing unemployed and underemployed youth.

During the financial year 2023, the unemployment rate in Delhi was *** percent, down from the previous year's rate of *** percent. The male unemployment rate was *** percent and lower than the female unemployment.

Abstract

Objective of the survey on employment and unemployment:

The basic objective of the employment-unemployment surveys of NSSO is to get estimates of the employment and unemployment characteristics at national and State level. The statistical indicators on labour market are required for planning, policy and decision making at various levels, both within government and outside. Some of the important uses of these indicators include use by the Planning Commission in evolving employment strategy, use by National Accounts Division in estimating gross domestic product using sector wise workforce participation, and use by various researchers to analyse the condition of the labour market. In this context, it may be mentioned that data collected in NSS employment-unemployment surveys was widely used by the National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector (NCEUS), 2009. In NSS 68th round, information on various facets of employment and unemployment will be collected in Schedule 10 (Employment and Unemployment) from all the members of the selected households.

The critical issues in the context of labour force enquiries pertain to defining the labour force and measuring participation of labour force in different economic activities. The activity participation of the people is not only dynamic but also multidimensional; it varies with region, age, education, gender, industry and occupational category. These aspects of the labour force will be captured in detail in the present survey on employment and unemployment. Major types of information that will be collected in this round relate to activity status, industry, occupation and earning from employment for the employees along with education particulars, etc. Besides, the survey will also provide insight into the informal sector and informal employment. Information will be collected from the workers about the type of enterprises in which they were engaged and conditions of employment for the employees. Using the data collected from employment and unemployment surveys, indicators will be generated on labour force participation rate, worker population ratio, unemployment rates, employment in the informal sector, informal employment, wages of employees, etc.

Description:

The survey on employment and unemployment is the prime source of estimates of various parameters of labour force and activity participation of the population. The first quinquennial survey on employment - unemployment, carried out by the NSSO in the 27th round (September 1972 - October 1973), made a marked departure from the earlier employment surveys of NSSO in procedure and content. The concepts and procedures followed in this survey were primarily based on the recommendations of the 'Expert Committee on Unemployment Estimates' (1970). Since then, the seven successive quinquennial surveys conducted in the 32nd, 38th, 43rd, 50th, 55th, 61st and 66th rounds have, more or less, followed an identical approach in the measurement of employment and unemployment. The basic approach (in all these seven quinquennial surveys) had been the collection of data to generate the estimates of employment and unemployment according to the 'usual status' based on a reference period of one year, the 'current weekly status' based on a reference period of one week, and the 'current daily status' based on each day of the seven days preceding the date of survey. In order to reveal the multi-dimensional aspects of the employment-unemployment situation in India, information on several correlates were also gathered in these surveys. Sets of probing questions on some of these aspects had also been one of the basic features of these surveys. In NSS 68th round (July 2011- June 2012), detailed information on employment-unemployment was collected in the same way as was done in the last quinquennial survey, i.e., in NSS 66th round.

A Working Group was set up for the purpose of finalising the survey methodology and schedules of enquiry of the 68th round. Considering all the aspects of current data demand and usefulness of the survey results, the Group has suggested a few improvisations, additions and deletions in the content of the schedule of enquiry for the present survey. The major changes made in the schedule for employment and unemployment survey vis-à-vis the previous quinquennial survey (NSS 66th round) are given below:

a) Block 3: 1) In NSS 66th round survey, along with the information on 'whether the household has NREG job card', information was collected on 'whether got work in NREG works during the last 365 days', 'number of days worked' and 'mode of payment'. In NSS 68th round for rural households, information on Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (MGNREG) works was collected on the following: i. whether the household has MGNREG job card ii. number of MGNREG job cards issued to the household iii. whether any member of the household has any bank/post office account Information on the last two items (viz., ii & iii) will be collected from the households which have got MGNREG job card. 2) Household type codes and procedure for determination of household type codes in rural areas have been modified.

b) Block 3.1: In this block information on indebtedness of rural labour households was collected in NSS 66th round. This Block was not canvassed in NSS 68th round.

c) Block 4: i. Instead of collecting information on 'whether currently registered with employment exchange' for persons of age 15-45 years as was done in NSS 66th round, information was collected for the same age group on 'whether currently registered with any placement agency'. ii. In NSS 66th round, for vocational training, detailed information was collected on 'duration of training', 'source from which degree/diploma/certificate received' and 'whether the vocational training was ever helpful in getting a job'. In NSS 68th round, collection of information on vocational training was restricted only to 'whether receiving/received any vocational training' and 'field of training'. iii. For persons of age 18 years and above in rural households with MGNREG job card, information was collected on 'whether registered in any MGNREG job card' and, for those who were registered in any MGNREG job card 'whether worked in MGNREG work during last 365 days'. Such information was not collected in NSS 66th round.

d) Block 5.1/5.2: i. Information on 'seeking or available or suitable for the type of occupation' which was collected in NSS 66th round in Block 5.1 from the non-workers of age below 75 years, was not collected. ii. The probing questions to the self-employed persons in the usual status (Block 5.1/5.2) to identify Home Based Workers have been deleted.

e) Block 5.3: i. In this block, for those who were unemployed on all the 7 days of the week, information was also collected on 'duration of present spell of unemployment'. In NSS 66th round, this question was placed in Block 6. Except retaining this item in Block 5.3, Block 6 of NSS 66th round on follow-up questions for persons unemployed on all the 7 days of the week has been deleted.

f) Block 6 (Block 7.1/7.2 of NSS 66th round): i. Block 7.1 and Block 7.2 have been restructured by deleting some of the items and a new block (Block 6) has been formed in NSS 68th round. ii. Questions on remunerativeness of the earning from self-employment which were asked in NSS 66th round in Block 7.1 to the self-employed persons in principal status and/or subsidiary status have been deleted. These were, 'do you regard the current earning from self-employment as remunerative?' and 'what amount per month would you regard as remunerative?'. iii. Information was collected in NSS 66th round in Block 7.2 on some aspects of labour mobility, such as, whether changed establishment, status, industry, occupation during the period of last two years. Information on these items was not collected in NSS 68th round. iv. The three items of Block 7.2 of NSS 66th round which have been retained in NSS 68th round are placed in Block 6. These are: 1. Is there any union/association in your activity? 2. Whether a member of union/association 3. Nature of employment

Geographic coverage

The survey will cover the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample design

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 68th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) are the 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling is the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages (henceforth the term 'village' would include also Panchayat wards for Kerala) constitutes the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of UFS blocks (2007-12) is considered as the sampling frame.

Stratification: Within each district of a State/ UT, generally speaking, two basic strata have been formed: i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising of all the urban areas of the district. However, within the urban areas of a district, if there are one or more towns with population 10 lakhs or more as per population census 2001 in a district, each of them forms a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district are considered as another

Graph and download economic data for Employment to Population Ratio for India (SLEMPTOTLSPZSIND) from 1991 to 2024 about employment-population ratio, India, employment, and population.

This dataset provides values for UNEMPLOYMENT RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Abstract

An all-India survey on the situation of employment and uemployment and migration particulars in India was carried out during NSS 64th round (July, 2007 to June, 2008). In this survey, a nation-wide enquiry was conducted in a moderately large sample of households to provide estimates on various characteristics pertaining to employment and unemployment and migration particulars in India and some characteristics associated with them at the national and state levels. Information on various facets of employment and unemployment and migration in India were collected through a schedule of enquiry (Schedule 10.2).

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir (for central sample), (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Household

Universe

All households of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir (for central sample), (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A stratified multi-stage design was adopted for the 64th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) were the 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. However, for the newly declared towns and out growths (OGs) in Census 2001 for which UFS were not done, each individual town/ OG were considered as an FSU. The ultimate stage units (USU) were the households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, i.e. villages/ towns/ blocks requiring hamlet-group (hg)/ sub-block (sb) formation, one intermediate stage was the selection of two hgs/ sbs from each FSU. Details of the sample design and estimation procedure is given as a document in external resource .

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sample deviation.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Summary description of the schedule : The schedule 10 on employment-unemployment for NSS60th round consisted of 10 blocks as given below.

Block 0: Descriptive identification of sample household Block 1: Identification of sample household Block 2: Particulars of field operations Block 3 - Household Characteristics. Block 3.1 :particulars of out-migrants who migrated out any time in the past Block 4: demographic and usual activity particulars of household members Block 5: Time disposition of members during the week ended on ........... Block 6: Migration particulars of household members Block 7: Household consumer expenditure Block 8: Remarks by investigator Block 9: Comments by superintendent / senior superintendent Block 10: Comments by other supervisory officer(s)

Response rate

At the all-India level, 12,688 FSUs (7,984 villages and 4,704 urban blocks) was allocated for survey. Out of these 12,688 FSUs allotted for survey, 12,589 FSUs could be surveyed – 7,921 in rural and 4,668 in urban. A sample of 10 households was planned for survey from each selected village and urban block.The survey covered a sample of 1,25,578 households (79,091 in rural areas and 46,487 in urban areas) and a sample of 5,72,254 persons (3,74,294 in rural areas and 1,97,960 in urban areas).

Abstract

The Employment and Unemployment surveys of National sample Survey (NSS) are primary sources of data on various indicators of labour force at National and State levels. These are used for planning, policy formulation, decision support and as input for further statistical exercises by various Government organizations, academicians, researchers and scholars. NSS surveys on employment and un-employment with large sample size of households have been conducted quinquennially from 27th. round(October'1972 - September'1973) onwards. Cotinuing in this series the fourth such all-india survey on the situation of employment and unemployment in India was carried out during the period july 1987 - june 1988 .

The working Group set up for planning of the entire scheme of the survey, among other things, examined also in detail some of the key results generated from the 38th round data and recommended some stream-lining of the 38th round schedule for the use in the 43rd round. Further, it felt no need for changing the engaging the easting conceptual frame work. However, some additional items were recommended to be included in the schedule to obtain the necessary and relevant information for generating results to see the effects on participation rates in view of the ILO suggestions.5.0.1. The NSSO Governing Council approved the recommendations of the working Group and also the schedule of enquiry in its 44th meeting held on 16 January, 1987. In this survey, a nation-wide enquiry was conducted to provide estimates on various characteristics pertaining to employment and unemployment in India and some characteristics associated with them at the national and state levels. Information on various facets of employment and unemployment in India was collected through a schedule of enquiry (schedule 10).

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of Indian Union excepting i) Ladakh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir ii) Rural areas of Nagaland

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

It may be mentioned here that in order to net more households of the upper income bracket in the Sample , significant changes have been made in the sample design in this round (compares to the design of the 38th round).

SAMPLE DESIGN AND SAMPLE SIZE The survey had a two-stage stratified design. The first stage units (f.s.u.'s) are villages in the rural sector and urban blocks in the urban sector. The second stage units are households in both the sectors. Sampling frame for f.s.u.'s : The lists of 1981 census villages constituted the sampling frame for rural sector in most districts. But the 1981 census frame could not be used for a few districts because, either the 1981 census was not held there or the list of 1981 census villages could not be obtained or the lists obtained from the census authorities were found to be grossly incomplete. In such cases 1971 census frame were used. In the urban sector , the Urban Frame Survey (U.F.S.) blocks constituted the sampling frame. STRATIFICATION : States were first divided into agro-economic regions which are groups of contiguous districts , similar with respect to population density and crop pattern. In Gujarat, however , some districts have been split for the purpose of region formation In consideration of the location of dry areas and the distribution of the tribal population in the state. The composition of the regions is given in the Appendix. RURAL SECTOR: In the rural sector, within each region, each district with 1981Census rural population less 1.8 million formed a single stratum. Districts with larger population were divided into two or more strata, depending on population, by grouping contiguous tehsils similar, as for as possible, in respect of rural population Density and crop pattern. (In Gujarat, however , in the case of districts extending over more than one region, even if the rural population was less than 1.8 million, the portion of a district falling in each region constituted a separate stratum. Further ,in Assam the old "basic strata" formed on the basis of 1971 census rural population exactly in the above manner, but with cut-off population as 1.5 million have been retained as the strata for rural sampling.) URBAN SECTOR : In the urban sector , strata were formed , again within NSS region , on the basis of the population size class of towns . Each city with population 10 lakhs or more is self-representative , as in the earlier rounds . For the purpose of stratification, in towns with '81 census population 4 lakhs or more , the blocks have been divided into two categories , viz . : One consisting of blocks in areas inhabited by the relatively affluent section of the population and the other consisting of the remaining blocks. The strata within each region were constituted as follows :

Table (1.2) : Composition of urban strata

Stratum population class of town

number

(1) (2)

1 all towns with population less than 50,000 2 -do- 50,000 - 199,999 3 -do- 200,000 - 399,999 4 -do- 400,000 - 999,999 ( affluent area) 5 (other area) 6 a single city with population 1 million and above (affluent area) 7 " (other area) 8 another city with population 1 million and above

9 " (other area)

Note : There is no region with more than one city with population 1 million and above. The stratum number have been retained as above even if in some regions some of the strata are empty. Allocation for first stage units : The total all-India sample size was allocated to the states /U.T.'s proportionate to the strength of central field staff. This was allocated to the rural and urban sectors considering the relative size of the rural and urban population. Now the rural samples were allocated to the rural strata in proportion to rural population. The urban samples were allocated to the urban strata in proportion to urban population with double weight age given to those strata of towns with population 4 lakhs or more which lie in area inhabited by the relatively affluent section. All allocations have been adjusted such that the sample size for stratum was at least a multiple of 4 (preferably multiple of 8) and the total sample size of a region is a multiple of 8 for the rural and urban sectors separately.
Selection of f.s.u.'s : The sample villages have been selected circular systematically with probability proportional to population in the form of two independent interpenetrating sub-samples (IPNS) . The sample blocks have been selected circular systematically with equal probability , also in the form of two IPNS' s. As regards the rural areas of Arunachal Pradesh, the procedure of 'cluster sampling' was:- The field staff will be supplied with a list of the nucleus villages of each cluster and they selected the remaining villages of the cluster according to the procedure described in Section Two. The nucleus villages were selected circular systematically with equal probability, in the form of two IPNS 's. Hamlet-group and sub-blocks : Large villages and blocks were sub- divided into a suitable number of hamlet-groups and sub-blocks respectively having equal population convent and one them was selected at random for surveys. Hamlet-group and sub-blocks : Large villages and blocks were sub- divided into a suitable number of hamlet-groups and sub-blocks respectively having equal population convent and one them was selected at random for surveys. Selection of households : rural : In order to have adequate number of sample households from the affluent section of the society, some new procedures were introduced for selection of sample households, both in the rural and urban sectors. In the rural sector , while listing households, the investigator identified the households in village/ selected hamlet- group which may be considered to be relatively more affluent than the rest. This was done largely on the basis of his own judgment but while exercising his judgment considered factors generally associated with rich people in the localitysuch as : living in large pucca house in well-maintained state, ownership/possession of cultivated/irrigated land in excess of certain norms. ( e.g.20 acres of cultivated land or 10 acres of irrigated land), ownership of motor vehicles and costly consumer durables like T.V. , VCR, VCP AND refrigerator, ownership of large business establishment , etc. Now these "rich" households will form sub-stratum 1. (If the total number of households listed is 80 or more , 10 relatively most affluent households will form sub-stratum 1. If it is below 80, 8 such households will form sub-stratum 1. The remaining households will 'constitute sub-stratum 2. At the time of listing, information relating to each household' s major sources of income will be collected, on the basis of which its means of livelihood will be identified as one of the following : "self-employed in non-agriculture " "rural labour" and "others" (see section Two for definition of these terms) . Also the area of land possessed as on date of survey will be ascertained from all households while listing. Now the households of sub-stratum 2 will be arranged in the order : (1)self-employed in non-agriculture, (2) rural labour, other households, with land possessed (acres) : (3) less than 1.00 (4) 1.00-2.49,(5)2.50-4.99, (6)

Geographic coverage

The survey covers the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

For Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir there is no separate sample first-stage units (FSUs) for "central sample". For these two districts, sample FSUs drawn as "state sample" will also be treated as central sample. The state directorate of economics and statistics (DES) will provide a copy of the filled-in schedules to Data Processing Division of NSSO for processing.

Analysis unit

Household, Individual

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

SAMPLE DESIGN

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 66th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) are the 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. In addition, two non-UFS towns of Leh and Kargil of Jammu & Kashmir are also treated as FSUs in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling is the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages (henceforth the term "village" would mean Panchayat wards for Kerala) constitutes the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available UFS blocks is considered as the sampling frame. For non-UFS towns, frame consists of the individual towns (only two towns, viz., Leh & Kargil constitute this frame).

Stratification: Within each district of a State/ UT, generally speaking, two basic strata have been formed: i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising of all the urban areas of the district. However, within the urban areas of a district, wherever there are one or more towns with population 10 lakhs or more as per population census 2001 in a district, each of them forms a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district are considered as another basic stratum.

Sub-stratification: There is no sub-stratification in the urban sector. However, to net adequate number of child workers, for all rural strata, each stratum has been divided into 2 sub-strata as follows: sub-stratum 1: all villages with proportion of child workers (p) >2P (where P is the average proportion of child workers for the sate/ UT as per Census 2001) sub-stratum 2: remaining villages

Total sample size (FSUs): 12784 FSUs for central sample and 15132 FSUs for state sample have been allocated at all-India level. Further, data of 24 state sample FSUs of Leh and Kargil districts of J & K surveyed by DES, J & K will be included in the central sample

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs: The total number of sample FSUs is allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to population as per census 2001 subject to a minimum sample allocation to each State/ UT. While doing so, the resource availability in terms of number of field investigators has been kept in view.

Allocation of State/ UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/ UT level sample size is allocated between two sectors in proportion to population as per census 2001 with double weightage to urban sector subject to the restriction that urban sample size for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc. should not exceed the rural sample size. A minimum of 16 FSUs (to the extent possible) is allocated to each state/ UT separately for rural and urban areas. Further the State level allocations for both rural and urban have been adjusted marginally in a few cases to ensure that each stratum/ sub-stratum gets a minimum allocation of 4 FSUs.

Allocation to strata/ sub-strata: Within each sector of a State/ UT, the respective sample size is allocated to the different strata/ sub-strata in proportion to the population as per census 2001. Allocations at stratum/ sub-stratum level are adjusted to multiples of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4 and equal number of samples has been allocated among the four sub rounds.

Selection of FSUs: For the rural sector, from each stratum/ sub-stratum, required number of sample villages has been selected by probability proportional to size with replacement (PPSWR), size being the population of the village as per Census 2001. For urban sector, from each stratum FSUs have been selected by using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). Both rural and urban samples have been drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples.

More information on sampling and estimation procedure is available in the document " Note on Sample Design and Estimation Procedure of NSS 66th Round". including information on: - Formation and selection of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks - Listing of households - Formation of second stage strata and allocation of households - Selection of households - Estimation Procedure

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

During this round, the following schedules of enquiry were canvassed: - Schedule 0.0 : list of households
- Schedule 1.0 : consumer expenditure (Type 1 and Type 2) - Schedule 10 : employment and unemployment

In the present round, Schedule 10 on employment-unemployment consists of 16 blocks.

The first three blocks, viz. Blocks 0, 1 and 2, are used to record identification of sample households and particulars of field operations, as is the common practice in usual NSS rounds. The last two blocks, viz., Blocks 10 and 11 are to record the remarks of investigator and comments by supervisory officer(s), respectively.

Block 3 will be used for recording the household characteristics, like household size, religion, social group, land possessed, land cultivated, etc. For the rural households information will also be collected, in Block 3, on whether the household has NREG job card, whether got work in NREG works during the last 365 days, number of days got work in NREG works and mode of payment of the wages earned in NREG works. Besides, some particulars about holding of specified Post Office accounts and use of specified Postal services will also be collected in this block.

Block 3.1 is for recording particulars of indebtedness of rural labour households.

Block 4 will be used for recording the demographic particulars and attendance in educational institutions of the household members. Particulars of vocational training being received/received by the household members will also be collected in this block.

In Block 5.1, particulars of usual principal activity of all the household members will be recorded along with some particulars of the enterprises in which the usual status workers (excluding those in crop and plantation activities) are engaged. In this block information for all the workers about the location of workplace will also be collected. For the self-employed persons who are working under specifications (wholly or mainly), information will also be collected about "who provided credit/raw materials/equipments", "basis of payment" and "number of outlets of disposal". Information on informal employment will also be collected in Block 5.1. Similarly, the particulars of one subsidiary economic activity of the household members along with some particulars of the enterprises, informal employment and details of the self-employed persons in their subsidiary activity will be recorded in Block 5.2. The daily time disposition for the seven days preceding the date of survey along with the corresponding activity particulars will be recorded for each household member in Block 5.3. Besides this, the current weekly status (CWS) will be derived from the daily time disposition data and will be recorded in this block. As in the past, wage and salary earnings and mode of payment will also be collected for regular salaried/wage employees and for the casual labourers in this block. Block 6 will be used to record the responses to the probing questions to the persons who were unemployed on all the seven days of the reference week.

Blocks 7.1 and 7.2 contain the probing questions which are related to the under-utilisation of labour time and labour mobility, respectively.

For the members of the household classified as engaged in 'domestic duties' as per their usual principal status, some follow-up questions have been framed and listed in Block 8, with a view to collecting some additional information which might explain as to whether their usual attachment to domestic duties was voluntary or involuntary and also to throw light on their participation in some specified activities for family gain.

A worksheet to obtain the total monthly household consumer expenditure has been provided in Block 9.

Abstract

An all-India survey on the situation of employment and unemployment in India during the period July, 2005 to June, 2006 was carried out as part of the annual series in the 62nd round of the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). In this survey, a nation-wide enquiry was conducted in a moderately large sample of households to provide estimates on various characteristics pertaining to employment and unemployment in India and some characteristics associated with them at the national and state levels. Information on various facets of employment and unemployment in India were collected through a schedule of enquiry (Schedule 10).

In terms of subject coverage for employment and unemployment (Schedule 10), this survey is broadly similar to the NSS 60th round. On the request of the Planning Commission, additional information regarding the possession of different types of ‘ration cards’ by the households and the participation of the household members in the rural areas in various public works programmes were also collected. Further, to meet the requirements of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, information on current attendance in educational institutions by persons of age below 30 years and the type of educational institutions being attended by the persons currently attending educational institutions was also collected. Instead of collecting detailed particulars on formal vocational training, as was done in NSS 60th round, it was enquired from the household members, of age 15 – 29 years, whether they received or receiving‘formal’ or ‘non-formal’ vocational training. Besides, information was collected on whether the household members ( of age 15 – 29 years) were receiving formal vocational training. For the purpose of collection of information on industry of activity, National Industrial Classification (NIC), 2004 was used in this survey.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond 5 kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year. All the sample first-stage units of the districts Poonch and Rajouri of Jammu & Kashmir, became casualty and therefore, the districts Poonch and Rajouri of Jammu & Kashmir, are outside the survey coverage. . Thus, the estimates of Jammu and Kashmir and all-India estimates do not include these two districts.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

An outline of the sampling design: The 62nd round (July 2005 - June 2006) of NSS was earmarked for survey on unorganised manufacturing enterprises, annual survey of consumer expenditure and survey on employment – unemployment. The sampling design adopted for the survey was essentially a stratified multi-stage one for both rural and urban areas. Two frames were used for this survey viz. List frame and Area frame. List frame was used only for urban sector and that too for selection of manufacturing enterprises only and thus is not relevant for discussion. Area frame was adopted for both rural and urban sectors for selection of First Stage Units (FSU) . For the area frame, the list of villages as per census 2001 (for Manipur, 1991 census was used since 2001 census list was not available) was used as frame for the rural sector and the latest available list of UFS blocks was used as frame in the urban sector. However, EC-98 was used as frame for the 27 towns with population 10 lakhs or more (as per Census 2001). The ultimate stage units (USU) were households, in both the sectors. In the case of large villages/ blocks requiring hamlet-group (hg)/ sub-block (sb) formation, one intermediate stage was the selection of two hgs/ sbs from each FSU.

Sample Size – first stage units: At the all-India level, a total number of 9997 FSUs (4847 villages in the rural areas and 5150 UFS blocks in the urban areas) for area frame were allocated on the basis of investigator strength. The allocation between rural and urban sectors was made in proportion to the number of unorganised non-agricultural workers as per EC-98. The total (all-India) rural/ urban sample FSUs were allocated to different States and U.Ts. in proportion to number of unorganised non-agriculture workers as per EC-98 subject to the availability of investigators ensuring more or less uniform work-load. Within each sector of a State/ U.T, the respective sample sizes were allocated to the different strata in proportion to the stratum population as per census 2001.Out of these 9997 FSUs allotted for survey, 9923 FSUs could be surveyed - 4798 in rural and 5125 in urban. Note that in the 62nd round, a sample of 10706 FSUs (4962 villages and 5744 urban blocks) was also selected for survey by the state agencies (State sample) at the all-India level.

Sample size – second stage units: For Schedule 10, a sample of 8 households was planned to be surveyed from each selected village and urban block. In the Central sample, 78879 households were actually surveyed – 37975 in rural areas and 40904 in urban areas.
As regards the actual number of persons surveyed, it was 186571 in the rural sector and 190806 in the urban sector.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sample deviation.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Summary description of the schedule : The schedule 10 on employment-unemployment for NSS62nd round consisted of 9 blocks as given below.

Block 0: Descriptive identification of sample household Block 1: Identification of sample household Block 2: Particulars of field operations Block 3 - Household Characteristics. Block 4: Demographic particulars of household members Block 5: Usual activity particulars of household member Block 6: Time disposition of household members during the week Block 7: Remarks by investigator/ senior investigators Block 8: Comments by supervisory officer(s).

Cleaning operations

System design document giving details of Receipt of schedule,data entry,verification and updation of data is attached as an external resource document