As of 2022, former President Bill Clinton was the president who created the most jobs in the United States, at **** million jobs created during his eight year term in office. Former President Ronald Reagan created the second most jobs during his term, at **** million.

Unemployment Rate in the United States decreased to 4.10 percent in June from 4.20 percent in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Historical chart and data for the united states national unemployment rate back to 1948. Compares the level and annual rate of change.

This statistic shows the average annual change in real GDP per capita in the United States from President Hoover to Obama, as of 2011. The biggest economic growth happened during Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency. The Real Gross Domestic Product per capita increased by 5.25 percent each year.

Additional information on President Barack Obama’s first term economic policy performance

“It’s the economy, stupid” as the now famous saying by former President Bill Clinton goes is often used to demonstrate the importance continuants place on the economy’s performance. Appointed to President of the United States in 2008, President Obama entered the job in the early stages of a global economic crisis. The unemployment rate in the United States since 1990 demonstrates that Obama oversaw a reduction in unemployment rate since an initially sharp increase to over 9 percent in 2009 and 2010. Prior to the reduction, public approval of President Obama and the Republicans in congress in handling the economy shows that the public’s trust in Obama waned from 61 percent in February 2009 to 42 percent in November 2011. The fluctuation of America’s economy meant that Obama’s first term saw him reach an average of 76 thousand private sector jobs created per month as of June 2012, leaving him sixth in private sector job creation on the list of post-war presidents.

As leader of the most economically influential country on the planet, praise and criticism of Obama’s economic performance is also a global issue. In 2012, opinion on Obama’s management of global economic issues by country demonstrates the variety in opinion held in and across countries. While countries such as Britain and Germany whose economies appeared to be recovering held Obama’s economic policy in a positive light, opinion was more negative in Egypt and Greece were the economic situation was less optimistic.

The seasonally-adjusted national unemployment rate is measured on a monthly basis in the United States. In February 2025, the national unemployment rate was at 4.1 percent. Seasonal adjustment is a statistical method of removing the seasonal component of a time series that is used when analyzing non-seasonal trends. U.S. monthly unemployment rate According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics - the principle fact-finding agency for the U.S. Federal Government in labor economics and statistics - unemployment decreased dramatically between 2010 and 2019. This trend of decreasing unemployment followed after a high in 2010 resulting from the 2008 financial crisis. However, after a smaller financial crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic, unemployment reached 8.1 percent in 2020. As the economy recovered, the unemployment rate fell to 5.3 in 2021, and fell even further in 2022. Additional statistics from the BLS paint an interesting picture of unemployment in the United States. In November 2023, the states with the highest (seasonally adjusted) unemployment rate were the Nevada and the District of Columbia. Unemployment was the lowest in Maryland, at 1.8 percent. Workers in the agricultural and related industries suffered the highest unemployment rate of any industry at seven percent in December 2023.

In 2023, the unemployment rate of African Americans in the United States stood at 5.5 percent. This was over the national average of 3.6 percent.

The high rate of unemployment

There are many reasons why the unemployment rate among minorities is different than the national average. When it comes to African Americans, a large part of this is due to historical events, such as slavery and the struggle for civil rights, as well as the number of Black families living below the poverty level. Additionally, in 2019, for every 100,000 of the population, there were 2,203 Black men in prison. This high rate of imprisonment can contribute to the unemployment rate for African Americans, since having been in prison can reduce one’s chances of finding a job once released.

Earning differences

African Americans also make less money than other ethnicities in the United States. In 2020, the median weekly earnings of African Americans were 794 U.S. dollars, compared to Asians, who made 1,310 U.S. dollars per week, and whites, who made 1,003 U.S. dollars per week. While the African American unemployment rate may be low, it is clear that much has to change in order to achieve full equality.

This study is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Each data file in this collection represents a distinct nationwide survey that was conducted during 1977-1979. Approximately 1,000-1,500 randomly selected adults were surveyed by telephone in each poll. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President Jimmy Carter and his handling of the presidency, foreign policy, and the economy, as well as their views on a range of current social and economic issues. The January 1977 Inauguration Poll (Part 1) asked respondents whether they believed newly inaugurated President Carter would be able to balance the federal budget, contain inflation, reduce unemployment, cut defense spending, restore trust in government, work effectively with Congress, and bring peace to the Middle East. Opinions were also elicited on other current issues, including capital punishment, amnesty for Vietnam draft evaders, building closer ties with China, and United States support for Black majority rule in South Africa. Part 2, June 1978 Education Poll, covered topics concerning the quality of public school education, school busing and racial integration of schools, the effects of single parents, working mothers, and television viewing on a child's education, standardized tests, classroom discipline, and homework. In Part 3, September 1978 Poll on Mid-East Summit Meeting, respondents were asked for their assessment of the chances for peace in the Middle East, their knowledge of the results of the Camp David summit with Egypt, Israel, and the United States, whether Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, or President Carter was most responsible for the agreements, and whether President Carter met their expectations with what he accomplished at the summit. Part 4, December 1978 Poll on China, focused on United States relations with China, the impact closer ties with China may have on relations between the United States and Taiwan, prospects for peace in the Middle East, and United States negotiations with the Soviet Union to cut back on military weapons. In the October 1979 Poll on Current Issues (Part 5) respondents were asked to identify what they believed to be the most important problems facing the country, and whether problems associated with rising prices and energy shortages had affected their lives directly. Background information on respondents includes voter participation history, political party affiliation, political orientation, age, race, religion, education, employment and household income.

Unemployment Rate in South Africa increased to 32.90 percent in the first quarter of 2025 from 31.90 percent in the fourth quarter of 2024. This dataset provides - South Africa Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In July 2024, 3.16 billion U.S. dollars were paid out in unemployment benefits in the United States. This is an increase from June 2024, when 2.62 billion U.S. dollars were paid in unemployment benefits. The large figures seen in 2020 are largely due to the impact of the coronavirus pandemic. Welfare in the U.S. Unemployment benefits first started in 1935 during the Great Depression as a part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal. The Social Security Act of 1935 ensured that Americans would not fall deeper into poverty. The United States was the only developed nation in the world at the time that did not offer any welfare benefits. This program created unemployment benefits, Medicare and Medicaid, and maternal and child welfare. The only major welfare program that the United States currently lacks is a paid maternity leave policy. Currently, the United States only offers 12 unpaid weeks of leave, under certain circumstances. However, the number of people without health insurance in the United States has greatly decreased since 2010. Unemployment benefits Current unemployment benefits in the United States vary from state to state due to unemployment being funded by both the state and the federal government. The average duration of people collecting unemployment benefits in the United States has fluctuated since January 2020, from as little as 4.55 weeks to as many as 50.32 weeks. The unemployment rate varies by ethnicity, gender, and education levels. For example, those aged 16 to 24 have faced the highest unemployment rates since 1990 during the pandemic. In February 2023, the Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV metropolitan area had the highest unemployment rate in the United States.

Labor Force Participation Rate in the United States decreased to 62.30 percent in June from 62.40 percent in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Labor Force Participation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The unemployment rate in the Republic of Ireland was four percent in May 2025, compared with 4.1 percent in the previous month. Between 2000 and 2007, Ireland's unemployment rate was broadly stable, fluctuating between 3.9 and 5.4 percent. Following the global financial crisis, however, Ireland's unemployment rate increased dramatically, eventually peaking at 16.1 percent in early 2012. For the next eight years, unemployment gradually fell, eventually reaching pre-crisis levels in the late 2010s. This was, however, followed by an uptick in unemployment due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which peaked at 7.6 percent in March 2021, before falling to pre-pandemic levels by February 2022. Risk and rewards of the Irish economic model After being quite hard hit by the global financial crisis of 2008, Ireland staged a strong recovery in the mid-2010s, and was frequently the EU's fastest growing economy between 2014 and 2022. This growth, was however, fueled in part by multinational companies, such as Apple, basing their European operations in the country. As of 2022, an adjusted measure of gross national income valued Ireland's economy at around 273 billion Euros, rather than the 506 billion Euros GDP figure. Ireland's close economic relationship with American tech companies also leaves it vulnerable to the political weather in the United States. It is currently unclear, for example, what the recent return to power of Donald Trump as President in early 2025 could mean for the Irish economy going forward. Ireland's labor market As of the third quarter of 2024, there were approximately 2.79 million people employed in the Republic of Ireland. Of these workers, 379,200 people worked in Ireland's human health and social work sector, the most of any industry at that time. Other sectors with high employment levels include wholesale and retail trade, at 323,500 people, and education, at 228,200 people. While unemployment still remains quite low, some indicators suggest a moderate loosening of the labor market. Job vacancies, are slightly down from their peak of 35,300 in Q2 2022, amounting to 28,900 in Q3 2024, while youth unemployment has begun to tick upwards, and was 11.9 percent in January 2025.

Key information about Tajikistan Unemployment Rate

• Tajikistan Unemployment Rate remained the same at 2.10% in Nov 2019, from the previously reported figure of 2.10% in Oct 2019.
• Tajikistan Unemployment Rate is updated monthly, available from Jan 2000 to Nov 2019, with an average rate of 2.40%.
• The data reached an all-time high of 3.13% in Jan 2000 and a record low of 2.00% in Jan 2019.
• The data is reported by reported by Аgency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan.
• In the latest reports, Tajikistan Population reached 9.89 million people in Dec 2021.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset presents the detailed breakdown of the count of individuals within distinct income brackets, categorizing them by gender (men and women) and employment type - full-time (FT) and part-time (PT), offering valuable insights into the diverse income landscapes within President township. The dataset can be utilized to gain insights into gender-based income distribution within the President township population, aiding in data analysis and decision-making..

Key observations

• Employment patterns: Within President township, among individuals aged 15 years and older with income, there were 219 men and 192 women in the workforce. Among them, 73 men were engaged in full-time, year-round employment, while 81 women were in full-time, year-round roles.
• Annual income under $24,999: Of the male population working full-time, 5.48% fell within the income range of under $24,999, while 33.33% of the female population working full-time was represented in the same income bracket.
• Annual income above $100,000: 21.92% of men in full-time roles earned incomes exceeding $100,000, while 2.47% of women in full-time positions earned within this income bracket.
• Refer to the research insights for more key observations on more income brackets ( Annual income under $24,999, Annual income between $25,000 and $49,999, Annual income between $50,000 and $74,999, Annual income between $75,000 and $99,999 and Annual income above $100,000) and employment types (full-time year-round and part-time)

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Income brackets:

• $1 to $2,499 or loss
• $2,500 to $4,999
• $5,000 to $7,499
• $7,500 to $9,999
• $10,000 to $12,499
• $12,500 to $14,999
• $15,000 to $17,499
• $17,500 to $19,999
• $20,000 to $22,499
• $22,500 to $24,999
• $25,000 to $29,999
• $30,000 to $34,999
• $35,000 to $39,999
• $40,000 to $44,999
• $45,000 to $49,999
• $50,000 to $54,999
• $55,000 to $64,999
• $65,000 to $74,999
• $75,000 to $99,999
• $100,000 or more

Variables / Data Columns

• Income Bracket: This column showcases 20 income brackets ranging from $1 to $100,000+..
• Full-Time Males: The count of males employed full-time year-round and earning within a specified income bracket
• Part-Time Males: The count of males employed part-time and earning within a specified income bracket
• Full-Time Females: The count of females employed full-time year-round and earning within a specified income bracket
• Part-Time Females: The count of females employed part-time and earning within a specified income bracket

Employment type classifications include:

• Full-time, year-round: A full-time, year-round worker is a person who worked full time (35 or more hours per week) and 50 or more weeks during the previous calendar year.
• Part-time: A part-time worker is a person who worked less than 35 hours per week during the previous calendar year.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for President township median household income by race. You can refer the same here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset presents median income data over a decade or more for males and females categorized by Total, Full-Time Year-Round (FT), and Part-Time (PT) employment in President township. It showcases annual income, providing insights into gender-specific income distributions and the disparities between full-time and part-time work. The dataset can be utilized to gain insights into gender-based pay disparity trends and explore the variations in income for male and female individuals.

Key observations: Insights from 2023

Based on our analysis ACS 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates, we present the following observations: - All workers, aged 15 years and older: In President township, the median income for all workers aged 15 years and older, regardless of work hours, was $33,250 for males and $23,676 for females.

These income figures indicate a substantial gender-based pay disparity, showcasing a gap of approximately 29% between the median incomes of males and females in President township. With women, regardless of work hours, earning 71 cents to each dollar earned by men, this income disparity reveals a concerning trend toward wage inequality that demands attention in thetownship of President township.

- Full-time workers, aged 15 years and older: In President township, among full-time, year-round workers aged 15 years and older, males earned a median income of $61,250, while females earned $53,750, resulting in a 12% gender pay gap among full-time workers. This illustrates that women earn 88 cents for each dollar earned by men in full-time positions. While this gap shows a trend where women are inching closer to wage parity with men, it also exhibits a noticeable income difference for women working full-time in the township of President township.

Interestingly, when analyzing income across all roles, including non-full-time employment, the gender pay gap percentage was higher for women compared to men. It appears that full-time employment presents a more favorable income scenario for women compared to other employment patterns in President township.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. All incomes have been adjusting for inflation and are presented in 2023-inflation-adjusted dollars.

Gender classifications include:

• Male
• Female

Employment type classifications include:

• Full-time, year-round: A full-time, year-round worker is a person who worked full time (35 or more hours per week) and 50 or more weeks during the previous calendar year.
• Part-time: A part-time worker is a person who worked less than 35 hours per week during the previous calendar year.

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column presents the data year. Expected values are 2010 to 2023
• Male Total Income: Annual median income, for males regardless of work hours
• Male FT Income: Annual median income, for males working full time, year-round
• Male PT Income: Annual median income, for males working part time
• Female Total Income: Annual median income, for females regardless of work hours
• Female FT Income: Annual median income, for females working full time, year-round
• Female PT Income: Annual median income, for females working part time

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for President township median household income by race. You can refer the same here

Keyword counts from US Presidential State of the Union Addresses and Presidential Budget Messages. This was done using the Python scripts provided under https://github.com/JeremySilver/KeywordCountsPresidentialMessages. The raw text data is from The American Presidency Project (UCSB), with some Presidential Budget Messages being extracted from US Federal Budget documents available through FRASER (a digital library of U.S. economic, financial, and banking history) or, for the more recent documents the website of the White House.

The data headings are:

• pid: in most cases, this is the index for the text document as archived on The American Presidency Project website. In some cases, this was the filename of a plain-text file read directly.
• year: Year that the message was delivered.
• date: Date that the message was delivered.
• name: Name of the US President delivering the message.
• count_of_all_words: Count of all words in the document.
• count_of_keywords: Count of all keywords encountered in that document.
• Keyword specific columns - three per keyword. For example, for the 'energy' keyword, the 'energy' column gives the number of times the 'energy' keyword was counted in the message, 'energy_pct_of_keywords' gives this count as a percentage of all keywords, and 'energy_pct_of_all_words' gives this count as a percentage of all words

Below is the list of keywords that match when the search is applied to a dictionary file containing over 99,000 US English words.

• energy: 'energy'
• tax: 'nontaxable', 'overtax', 'overtaxed', 'overtaxes', 'overtaxing', 'surtax', 'surtaxed', 'surtaxes', 'surtaxing', 'surtaxs', 'tax', 'taxable', 'taxation', 'taxations', 'taxed', 'taxes', 'taxing', 'taxpayer', 'taxpayers', 'taxs'
• defense: 'defend', 'defense'
• education: 'education'
• employment: 'employ', 'employable', 'employe', 'employed', 'employee', 'employees', 'employer', 'employers', 'employes', 'employing', 'employment', 'employments', 'employs', 'underemployed', 'unemployable', 'unemployed', 'unemployeds', 'unemployment', 'unemployments'
• research: 'research', 'researched', 'researcher', 'researchers', 'researches', 'researching', 'researchs'
• shooting: 'shooting'
• space: 'space'
• nuclear: 'nuclear'
• natural resources: 'natural resources'
• racism: 'racism', 'civil rights'
• crime: 'crime', 'crimes', 'criminal', 'criminally', 'criminals', 'decriminalization', 'decriminalizations', 'decriminalize', 'decriminalized', 'decriminalizes', 'decriminalizing'
• environment: 'environment', 'environmental', 'environmentalism', 'environmentalisms', 'environmentalist', 'environmentalists', 'environmentally', 'environments'
• religion: 'faith', 'god', 'prayer', 'religion'
• health: 'health', 'healthful', 'healthfully', 'healthfulness', 'healthfulnesss', 'healthier', 'healthiest', 'healthily', 'healthiness', 'healthinesss', 'healths', 'healthy', 'unhealthful', 'unhealthier', 'unhealthiest', 'unhealthy'
• terror: 'terror', 'terrorism', 'terrorisms', 'terrorist', 'terrorists', 'terrorize', 'terrorized', 'terrorizes', 'terrorizing', 'terrors'
• war: 'war', 'warrior', 'warriors', 'wars'
• economy: 'economic', 'economical', 'economically', 'economics', 'economicss', 'economy', 'economys', 'microeconomics', 'microeconomicss', 'socioeconomic', 'uneconomic', 'uneconomical'
• jobs: 'jobs'
• business: 'agribusiness', 'agribusinesses', 'agribusinesss', 'business', 'businesses', 'businesslike', 'businessman', 'businessmans', 'businessmen', 'businesss', 'businesswoman', 'businesswomans', 'businesswomen'
• drugs: 'drugs', 'narcotics'
• inflation: 'inflation'
• climate: 'climate'
• science: 'science', 'sciences', 'scientific', 'scientifically', 'scientist', 'scientists'
• gun: 'gun', 'gunfire', 'gunman', 'guns', 'handgun', 'rifle', 'shotgun'
• tech: 'biotechnology', 'biotechnologys', 'technical', 'technological', 'technologically', 'technologies', 'technologist', 'technologists', 'technology', 'technologys'
• military: 'military'
• security: 'security'
• housing: 'housing'
• pollution: 'pollution'

The dictionary file used is a standard file among Linux systems, and the version used was provided with version 7.1-1 of the Ubuntu 'wamerican' package. Two extra phrases, which do not appear in the dictionary file, are added to the list: 'civil rights' (under the 'racism' keyword) and 'natural resources' (under the 'natural resources' theme).

This interactive map of Tajikistan highlights the target area for scale-up activities under PAMP II funded through GAFSP and overlays sub-national poverty data, rural development data, demographic indicators and other information relevant to the program. PAMP II, a government project designed as a follow up to PAMP I, aims to generate temporary employment and increase household food security through the rehabilitation of irrigation and drainage infrastructure, increase crop production through adequate water management and support the development of improved policies and institutions for water resource management in 10 districts of Khatlon region and 2 districts of Republican Subordination Region (82 Jamoats in total). Khatlon and Republican Subordination regions have the highest levels of malnutrition in the country, with approximately 1.4 million people identified as food insecure. Both regions, but specially Khatlon also have high agricultural potential, mostly unrealized due in part of the lack of adequate irrigation infrastructure. Data Sources:PAMP II Selected Districts Source: GAFSP documents. Market Centers: Key market centers for retail, assembly and/or wholesale of agricultural products. FEWS NET reference markets. Source: FEWS Net. The Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) is a USAID-funded activity that collaborates with international, regional and national partners to provide timely and rigorous early warning and vulnerability information on emerging and evolving food security issues. Poverty (Proportion of population below the poverty line) (2009): Proportion of the population living on less than $6.14 Somoni per day. Source: TAJSTAT Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan. “Poverty Statistics in Tajikistan (based on research conducted in 2009).” Poverty (Proportion of population below the poverty line) (2014): Proportion of the population living on less than $158.71 Somoni per month.Source: TAJSTAT Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan – World Bank. “Poverty Measurement in Tajikistan: A Methodological Note 2015” Extreme Poverty (2014): Proportion of population living on less than the international poverty line of $1.25/day (in 2005 prices), set by the World Bank.Source: TAJSTAT Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan – World Bank. “Poverty Measurement in Tajikistan: A Methodological Note 2015” Malnutrition (Proportion of underweight children under 5 years) (2007): Prevalence of severely underweight children is the percentage of children aged 0-59 months whose weight for age is less than minus 3 standard deviations below the median weight for age of the international reference population. Source: World Health Organization WHO. “Tajikistan Child Malnutrition Estimates by WHO Child Growth Standards.” Malnutrition: (Proportion of underweight children under 5 years) (2012): Percentage of severely underweight children aged 0-59 months whose weight for age is less than minus 3 standard deviations below the median weight for age of the reference population.Source: Statistical Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, Ministry of Health and MEASURE DHS. “Tajikistan Demographic and Health Survey 2012” Population (2010): Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship, except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Source: TAJSTAT Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan. Database “Number of constant population, 1998-2010.” Population Density (Persons per square kilometer) (2010): Population divided by land area in square kilometers. Source: TAJSTAT Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan. Database “Population concentration, 1998-2010.” Population District Level (2010): ): Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship, except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin.Source: TAJSTAT Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan. “Population of the Republic of Tajikistan by Sex, Age and Marital Status Volume II 2012” Population Density District Level (Persons per square kilometer) (2010): Population divided by land area in square kilometers.Source: TAJSTAT Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan. “Population of the Republic of Tajikistan by Sex, Age and Marital Status Volume II 2012” Irrigation (2003): Irrigated areas in the country.Source: “Irrigation in Central Asia - Social, Economic and Environmental Considerations." Europe and Central Asia Region Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development. World Bank. Map produced by the Map Design Unit of The World Bank. Irrigated Land (2015): Arable irrigated land in hectares, total and by type.Source: Agency for Land Reclamation and Irrigation ALRI Food Security 2012, 2013 and 2014: Level of food security by livelihood zone according to WFP classification and Food Security Monitoring System FSMS reports.Source: World Food Programme – Tajikistan Office. Land Area (2013): Area in hectares of ground used for some particular purpose (agriculture, wheat, cotton, potato, vegetables, and fodder crops).Source: TAJSTAT Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan. Agricultural Production (2013): Harvested production for the different crops expressed in tones (wheat, cotton, potato, vegetables and fruits).Source: TAJSTAT Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan. Agricultural Yields: Amount of a crop harvested per unit of land area, expressed in tons per hectare (wheat, cotton, potato, vegetables and fruits).Source: TAJSTAT Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan. Number of Land Use Certificates Awarded as part of PAMP II (Total Beneficiaries and Female) (Sept 2015): PAMP II supported farmers in the selected districts to obtain land use certificates, according to the land reform implemented by the country. Source: PAMP II Project Management Unit – M&E Data Public Works (Total workers and female, sites, tools provided, canals cleaned, amount of earth removed and amount or money paid) (Sept 2015): Food insecure people, mostly farmers, from the selected districts are employed to manually clean the secondary and tertiary irrigation canals and the crossings under the bridges.Source: PAMP II Project Management Unit – M&E Data PMU Mechanized Works (Sites, cleaned infrastructure, amount of money paid and rehabilitated infrastructure (Sept 15): PAMP II hires companies to design and implement mechanized works needed for the rehabilitation of the irrigation and drainage infrastructure.Source: PAMP II Project Management Unit – M&E Data Livelihood Zones (2015): FEWS Network, in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture, The Statistical Agency under the President of Tajikistan, the World Food Programme, the Food and Agriculture Organization, Save the Children and the Aga Khan Foundation, identified 13 livelihood zones for the country, based on the Household Economy Analysis (HEA).Source: World Food Programme – Tajikistan Office. Tajikistan Unemployment Rate (2009): Percentage of the labor force that is unemployed but actively seeking employment and willing to work.Source: TAJSTAT Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan. “Labor market situation in the Republic of Tajikistan 2012”. Tajikistan Unemployment Total (2012): Unemployed population registered actively seeking employment and willing to work.Source: TAJSTAT Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan. “Labor market situation in the Republic of Tajikistan 2012”.

The maps displayed on the GAFSP website are for reference only. The boundaries, colors, denominations and any other information shown on these maps do not imply, on the part of GAFSP (and the World Bank Group), any judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.

Abstract (en): This special topic poll, conducted January 13-15, 1997, is part of a continuing series of monthly polls that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. This data collection was undertaken to assess public opinion prior to President Bill Clinton's second-term inauguration as president of the United States. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President Clinton and his handling of the first term of his presidency, whether he would do a better or worse job in his second term in office, whether they approved of his choices for Cabinet and other top positions in his administration, and what the nature of his relationship with Congress should be in his second term. Views were sought on whether President Clinton had made progress toward reducing unemployment and improving education during his first term, and whether he would make substantial progress in these areas during his second term. Respondents rated the most important issue facing the country, whether they were better or worse off financially compared to four years ago, whether they approved of the way Congress was handling its job, whether they expected Congress to do a better job in the next two years, and whether they trusted the Clinton administration or the Republicans in Congress to handle the main problems the nation would face over the next few years. Other questions asked whether respondents approved of the way Hillary Clinton was handling her job as first lady and the amount of influence she held over her husband, and whether she should play a greater role in her husband's second administration. A series of questions asked about recent allegations involving President Clinton, including Whitewater, the Democratic National Campaign Committee's acceptance of foreign contributions, and former Arkansas state employee Paula Jones's sexual harassment charges, and whether they would interfere with his ability to serve as president. Additional topics addressed what actions the government should take to protect the long-term financial stability of Social Security and the Medicare health system and the overall level of ethics and honesty in politics and the federal government. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, education level, household income, political party affiliation, political philosophy, and voter participation history. The data contain a weight variable (WEIGHT) that should be used in analyzing the data. This poll consists of "standard" national representative samples of the adult population with sample balancing of sex, race, age, and education. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Created online analysis version with question text.. Persons aged 18 and over living in households with telephones in the contiguous 48 United States. Households were selected by random-digit dialing. Within households, the respondent selected was the adult living in the household who last had a birthday and who was home at the time of the interview. 2008-01-14 SAS, SPSS, and Stata setup files, and SAS and Stata supplemental files have been added to this data collection. Respondent names were removed from the data file and the CASEID variable was created for use with online analysis. Question text has been added to the codebook, and the data collection instrument has been taken out of the codebook and made into its own file. telephone interview (1) The data available for download are not weighted and users will need to weight the data prior to analysis. (2) Original reports using these data may be found via the ABC News Polling Unit Web site and via the Washington Post Opinion Surveys and Polls Web site. (3) The meaning of the variable SELECTB is unknown and may be associated with the sampling method of selecting a respondent based on the adult living in the household who last had a birthday. (4) According to the data collection instrument, code 3 in the variable Q909 also includes respondents who answered that they had attended a technical college. (5) Value labels for unknown codes were add in the variables RECODED_AGE and Q1. (6) The CASEID variable was c...

Abstract (en): This poll, fielded December 10-13 2009, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President Barack Obama and his handling of the presidency, the federal budget deficit, health care, the situation in Afghanistan, unemployment, global warming, and the economy. Respondents were asked whether the Obama Administration or the Republicans in Congress could be trusted to do a better job handling the economy, health care reform, the situation in Afghanistan and energy policy. Several questions addressed health care including whether respondents supported the health care system being developed by Congress and the Obama Administration, whether they believed health care reform would increase the federal budget deficit, whether government should lower the age requirement for Medicare, and what the respondents' plan preference was for people who are not insured. Noneconomic questions focused on the role of the United States in Afghanistan, confidence in the Obama Administration in the handling of Afghanistan and the Taliban, and the environment. Other questions focused on the topics of health care in the United States, job availability, personal finances as well as opinions on professional golfer Tiger Woods. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, political political philosophy, party affiliation, education level, religious preference, household income, and whether respondents considered themselves to be a born-again Christian. The data contain a weight variable (WEIGHT) that should be used in analyzing the data. The weights were derived using demographic information from the Census to adjust for sampling and nonsampling deviations from population values. Until 2008 ABC News used a cell-based weighting system in which respondents were classified into one of 48 or 32 cells (depending on sample size) based on their age, race, sex, and education; weights were assigned so the proportion in each cell matched the Census Bureau's most recent Current Population Survey. To achieve greater consistency and reduce the chance of large weights, ABC News in 2007 tested and evaluated iterative weighting, commonly known as raking or rim weighting, in which the sample is weighted sequentially to Census targets one variable at a time, continuing until the optimum distribution across variables (again, age, race, sex, and education) is achieved. ABC News adopted rim weighting in January 2008. Weights are capped at lows of 0.2 and highs of 6. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Standardized missing values.; Created online analysis version with question text.; Performed recodes and/or calculated derived variables.; Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. Persons aged 18 and over living in households with telephones in the contiguous 48 United States. Households were selected by random-digit dialing. Within households, the respondent selected was the youngest adult living in the household who was home at the time of the interview. Please refer to the codebook documentation for more information on sampling. computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI)The data available for download are not weighted and users will need to weight the data prior to analysis.The variables PCTBLACK, PCTASIAN, PCTHISP, MSAFLAG, CSA, CBSA, METRODIV, NIELSMKT, BLOCKCNT, STATE, CONGDIST, and ZIP were converted from character variables to numeric.To preserve respondent confidentiality, codes for the variables FIPS (FIPS County) and ZIP (ZIP Code) have been replaced with blank codes.System-missing values were recoded to -1.The CASEID variable was created for use with online analysis.Several codes in the variable CBSA contain diacritical marks.Value labels for unknown codes were added in variables MSA, CSA, CBSA, COLLEDUC, and METRODIV. The data collection was produced by Taylor Nelson Sofres of Horsham, PA. Original reports using these data may be found via the ABC News Polling Unit Web site and via the Washington Post Opinion Surveys and Polls Web site.

The Volcker Shock was a period of historically high interest rates precipitated by Federal Reserve Chairperson Paul Volcker's decision to raise the central bank's key interest rate, the Fed funds effective rate, during the first three years of his term. Volcker was appointed chairperson of the Fed in August 1979 by President Jimmy Carter, as replacement for William Miller, who Carter had made his treasury secretary. Volcker was one of the most hawkish (supportive of tighter monetary policy to stem inflation) members of the Federal Reserve's committee, and quickly set about changing the course of monetary policy in the U.S. in order to quell inflation. The Volcker Shock is remembered for bringing an end to over a decade of high inflation in the United States, prompting a deep recession and high unemployment, and for spurring on debt defaults among developing countries in Latin America who had borrowed in U.S. dollars.

Monetary tightening and the recessions of the early '80s

Beginning in October 1979, Volcker's Fed tightened monetary policy by raising interest rates. This decision had the effect of depressing demand and slowing down the U.S. economy, as credit became more expensive for households and businesses. The Fed funds rate, the key overnight rate at which banks lend their excess reserves to each other, rose as high as 17.6 percent in early 1980. The rate was allowed to fall back below 10 percent following this first peak, however, due to worries that inflation was not falling fast enough, a second cycle of monetary tightening was embarked upon starting in August of 1980. The rate would reach its all-time peak in June of 1981, at 19.1 percent. The second recession sparked by these hikes was far deeper than the 1980 recession, with unemployment peaking at 10.8 percent in December 1980, the highest level since The Great Depression. This recession would drive inflation to a low point during Volcker's terms of 2.5 percent in August 1983.

The legacy of the Volcker Shock

By the end of Volcker's terms as Fed Chair, inflation was at a manageable rate of around four percent, while unemployment had fallen under six percent, as the economy grew and business confidence returned. While supporters of Volcker's actions point to these numbers as proof of the efficacy of his actions, critics have claimed that there were less harmful ways that inflation could have been brought under control. The recessions of the early 1980s are cited as accelerating deindustrialization in the U.S., as manufacturing jobs lost in 'rust belt' states such as Michigan, Ohio, and Pennsylvania never returned during the years of recovery. The Volcker Shock was also a driving factor behind the Latin American debt crises of the 1980s, as governments in the region defaulted on debts which they had incurred in U.S. dollars. Debates about the validity of using interest rate hikes to get inflation under control have recently re-emerged due to the inflationary pressures facing the U.S. following the Coronavirus pandemic and the Federal Reserve's subsequent decision to embark on a course of monetary tightening.

This poll, fielded December 10-13 2009, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President Barack Obama and his handling of the presidency, the federal budget deficit, health care, the situation in Afghanistan, unemployment, global warming, and the economy. Respondents were asked whether the Obama Administration or the Republicans in Congress could be trusted to do a better job handling the economy, health care reform, the situation in Afghanistan and energy policy. Several questions addressed health care including whether respondents supported the health care system being developed by Congress and the Obama Administration, whether they believed health care reform would increase the federal budget deficit, whether government should lower the age requirement for Medicare, and what the respondents' plan preference was for people who are not insured. Noneconomic questions focused on the role of the United States in Afghanistan, confidence in the Obama Administration in the handling of Afghanistan and the Taliban, and the environment. Other questions focused on the topics of health care in the United States, job availability, personal finances as well as opinions on professional golfer Tiger Woods. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, political political philosophy, party affiliation, education level, religious preference, household income, and whether respondents considered themselves to be a born-again Christian.