In the century between Napoleon's defeat and the outbreak of the First World War (known as the "Pax Britannica"), the British Empire grew to become the largest and most powerful empire in the world. At its peak in the 1910s and 1920s, it encompassed almost one quarter of both the world's population and its land surface, and was known as "the empire on which the sun never sets". The empire's influence could be felt across the globe, as Britain could use its position to affect trade and economies in all areas of the world, including many regions that were not part of the formal empire (for example, Britain was able to affect trading policy in China for over a century, due to its control of Hong Kong and the neighboring colonies of India and Burma). Some historians argue that because of its economic, military, political and cultural influence, nineteenth century Britain was the closest thing to a hegemonic superpower that the world ever had, and possibly ever will have. "Rule Britannia" Due to the technological and logistical restrictions of the past, we will never know the exact borders of the British Empire each year, nor the full extent of its power. However, by using historical sources in conjunction with modern political borders, we can gain new perspectives and insights on just how large and influential the British Empire actually was. If we transpose a map of all former British colonies, dominions, mandates, protectorates and territories, as well as secure territories of the East India Trading Company (EIC) (who acted as the precursor to the British Empire) onto a current map of the world, we can see that Britain had a significant presence in at least 94 present-day countries (approximately 48 percent). This included large territories such as Australia, the Indian subcontinent, most of North America and roughly one third of the African continent, as well as a strategic network of small enclaves (such as Gibraltar and Hong Kong) and islands around the globe that helped Britain to maintain and protect its trade routes. The sun sets... Although the data in this graph does not show the annual population or size of the British Empire, it does give some context to how Britain has impacted and controlled the development of the world over the past four centuries. From 1600 until 1920, Britain's Empire expanded from a small colony in Newfoundland, a failing conquest in Ireland, and early ventures by the EIC in India, to Britain having some level of formal control in almost half of all present-day countries. The English language is an official language in all inhabited continents, its political and bureaucratic systems are used all over the globe, and empirical expansion helped Christianity to become the most practiced major religion worldwide. In the second half of the twentieth century, imperial and colonial empires were eventually replaced by global enterprises. The United States and Soviet Union emerged from the Second World War as the new global superpowers, and the independence movements in longstanding colonies, particularly Britain, France and Portugal, gradually succeeded. The British Empire finally ended in 1997 when it seceded control of Hong Kong to China, after more than 150 years in charge. Today, the United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries, and it is responsible for three crown dependencies and fourteen overseas territories, although the legacy of the British Empire can still be seen, and it's impact will be felt for centuries to come.

This file contains the digital vector boundaries for Countries, in the United Kingdom, as at December 2024.The boundaries available are: (BUC) Ultra generalised (500m) - clipped to the coastline (Mean High Water mark).Contains both Ordnance Survey and ONS Intellectual Property Rights.

REST URL of Feature Access Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/Countries_December_2024_Boundaries_UK_BUC/FeatureServerREST URL of WFS Server –https://dservices1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/services/Countries_December_2024_Boundaries_UK_BUC/WFSServer?service=wfs&request=getcapabilitiesREST URL of Map Server –https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/Countries_December_2024_Boundaries_UK_BUC/MapServer

This file contains the digital vector boundaries for Countries, in the United Kingdom, as at December 2024.The boundaries available are: (BGC) Generalised (20m) - clipped to the coastline (Mean High Water mark).Contains both Ordnance Survey and ONS Intellectual Property Rights.

REST URL of Feature Access Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/Countries_December_2024_Boundaries_UK_BGC/FeatureServerREST URL of WFS Server –https://dservices1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/services/Countries_December_2024_Boundaries_UK_BGC/WFSServer?service=wfs&request=getcapabilitiesREST URL of Map Server –https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/Countries_December_2024_Boundaries_UK_BGC/MapServer

A PDF map that shows the counties and unitary authorities in the United Kingdom as at 1 April 2023. (File Size - 583 KB)

This file contains the digital vector boundaries for Countries, in the United Kingdom, as at December 2021.

This layer shows the purchasing power per capita in United Kingdom in 2023, in a multiscale map (United Kingdom, Country, Region, County, District, Lower Super Output Area, and Census Output Area). Nationally, the purchasing power per capita is 22,986 British pound. Purchasing Power describes the disposable income (income without taxes and social security contributions, including received transfer payments) of a certain area's population. The figures are in British pound (GBP) per capita.The pop-up is configured to show the following information at each geography level:Purchasing power per capitaPurchasing power per capita by various categoriesThe source of this data is Michael Bauer Research. The vintage of the data is 2023. This item was last updated in February, 2024 and is updated every 12-18 months as new annual figures are offered.Additional Esri Resources:Esri DemographicsThis item is for visualization purposes only and cannot be exported or used in analysis.We would love to hear from you. If you have any feedback regarding this item or Esri Demographics, please let us know.Permitted use of this data is covered in the DATA section of the Esri Master Agreement (E204CW) and these supplemental terms.

This file contains the names and codes for the countries of the United Kingdom as at 31st December 2023. (File size - 16 KB)Field Names - CTRY23CD, CTRY23NM, CTRY23NMWField Types - Text, Text, TextField Lengths - 9, 17, 16

This file contains the names and codes for the countries of the United Kingdom as at 31st December 2017. (File size - 16 KB)Field Names - CTRY17CD, CTRY17NM, CTRY17NMWField Types - Text, Text, TextField Lengths - 9, 17, 16REST URL of Feature Access Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/Countries_Dec_2017_Names_and_Codes_in_the_United_Kingdom_2022/FeatureServer

The Land Cover Map 2024 (UK Land Cover Statistics) dataset summarises the coverage of different land cover types across Great Britain and Northern Ireland, classified into 21 UKCEH land cover classes, based upon Biodiversity Action Plan broad habitats. This data is provided in both .csv and geopackage (vector) formats. Statistics are calculated at country, county, and regional (England only) levels from the Land Cover Map 2024 (10 m classified pixels) datasets for Great Britain and Northern Ireland. A full description of this and all UKCEH LCM2024 products are available from the LCM2024 product documentation. In addition to UKCEH as copyright holders, the Land Cover Map 2024 (UK Land Cover Statistics) products use digital boundary products and reference maps. The source of the data is the Office for National Statistics and they are licensed under the Open Government Licence v.3.0. They contain OS data © Crown copyright and database right [2024]. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/0171ccb2-1c0c-404f-b782-e7204a86a92f

A collection of small-scale non-series maps which offer whole-country coverage of the United Kingdom 1856-2013. Included in the collection are geological, tectonic, structural, mineral resource and geophysical maps, together with a small number of historical facsimile maps. Key geological maps included in the collection which ran to many editions are Geology of the British Islands 1:584 000 and the Geological Map of Great Britain 1:625 000. These maps are hard-copy paper records stored in the National Geoscience Data Centre (NGDC) and are delivered as digital scans through the BGS website.

Dataset info

The dataset contains Local Authority Boundaries for Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) as of December 2021. A total of 363 Local Authority objects are included. Created for future use in folium choropleth maps when combined with other datasets that contain the matching Local Authority Codes. Additionally, subsets were created for convenience holding the boundaries of local authorities in England and Wales together, and in each individual country, i.e., England, Scotland and Wales on their own.

Methodology

The original dataset was downloaded from ONS. Since the dataset was too large for most use cases (129.4MB) due to the level of detail, it was simplified with https://mapshaper.org/ using the default method (Visvalingam / weighted area) with 'prevent shape removal' enabled. The simplification was set to 1.4%, followed by intersection repair and export back to geojson. The shape coordinates were originally in British National Grid (BNG) format, which had to be converted to WGS84 (latitude and longitude) format. Finally, the coordinates were rounded to 6 decimal places, resulting in a file containing 2.2MB of uncompressed data with a sensible level of detail. The individual country data were extracted, based on the LAD21CD property, to create the additional files.

Licence

https://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/geography/licences

Digital boundary products and reference maps are supplied under the Open Government Licence. You must use the following copyright statements when you reproduce or use this material:

• Source: Office for National Statistics licensed under the Open Government Licence v.3.0
• Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2023

In 2024, over nine million people lived in Greater London, making it the most populated ceremonial county in England. The West Midlands Metropolitan County, which contains the large city of Birmingham, was the second-largest county at just over 3.03 million, closely followed by Greater Manchester at three million, and then West Yorkshire with a population of 2.4 million. Kent, Essex, and Hampshire were the three next-largest counties in terms of population, each with just over 1.9 million people. A patchwork of regions England is just one of the four countries that compose the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, with England, Scotland and Wales making up Great Britain. England is therefore not to be confused with Great Britain or the United Kingdom as a whole. Within England, the next subdivisions are the nine regions of England, containing various smaller units such as unitary authorities, metropolitan counties and non-metropolitan districts. The counties in this statistic, however, are based on the ceremonial counties of England as defined by the Lieutenancies Act of 1997. Regions of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland Like England, the other countries of the United Kingdom have their own regional subdivisions, although with some different terminology. Scotland’s subdivisions are council areas, while Wales has unitary authorities, and Northern Ireland has local government districts. As of 2024, the most-populated Scottish council area was Glasgow City, with over 650,000 inhabitants. In Wales, Cardiff had the largest population among its unitary authorities, and in Northern Ireland, Belfast was the local government area with the most people living there.

Thematic map of foreign guests from the Netherlands, Belgium, Great Britain and the USA in counties and associations. The share of all guests in %.:Guests from the United Kingdom (share of all guests in %) in Rhineland-Palatinate at district level.

A PDF map that shows the local authority districts, counties and unitary authorities in the United Kingdom as at April 2019. The map has been created to show the United Kingdom from country level down to local authority district level. (File Size - 2, 837 KB) https://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/geography/licences

This is a lookup file between local authority districts and countries in the UK as at 1 April 2018. (File Size - 88 KB)

The population of the United Kingdom in 2024 was estimated to be approximately 69.3 million, with over 9.6 million people living in South East England. London had the next highest population, at almost 9.1 million people, followed by the North West England at 7.7 million. With the UK's population generally concentrated in England, most English regions have larger populations than the constituent countries of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, which had populations of 5.5 million, 3.2 million, and 1.9 million respectively. English counties and cities The United Kingdom is a patchwork of various regional units, within England the largest of these are the regions shown here, which show how London, along with the rest of South East England had around 18 million people living there in this year. The next significant regional units in England are the 47 metropolitan and ceremonial counties. After London, the metropolitan counties of the West Midlands, Greater Manchester, and West Yorkshire were the biggest of these counties, due to covering the large urban areas of Birmingham, Manchester, and Leeds respectively. Regional divisions in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland The smaller countries that comprise the United Kingdom each have different local subdivisions. Within Scotland these are called council areas, whereas in Wales the main regional units are called unitary authorities. Scotland's largest Council Area by population is that of Glasgow City at over 650,000, while in Wales, it was the Cardiff Unitary Authority at around 384,000. Northern Ireland, on the other hand, has eleven local government districts, the largest of which is Belfast with a population of approxiamtely 352,000.

In 2023, London had a gross domestic product of over 569 billion British pounds, by far the most of any region of the United Kingdom. The region of South East England which surrounds London had the second-highest GDP in this year, at over 360 billion pounds. North West England, which includes the major cities of Manchester and Liverpool, had the third-largest GDP among UK regions, at almost 250 billion pounds. Levelling Up the UK London’s economic dominance of the UK can clearly be seen when compared to the other regions of the country. In terms of GDP per capita, the gap between London and the rest of the country is striking, standing at over 63,600 pounds per person in the UK capital, compared with just over 37,100 pounds in the rest of the country. To address the economic imbalance, successive UK governments have tried to implement "levelling-up policies", which aim to boost investment and productivity in neglected areas of the country. The success of these programs going forward may depend on their scale, as it will likely take high levels of investment to reverse economic neglect regions have faced in the recent past. Overall UK GDP The gross domestic product for the whole of the United Kingdom amounted to 2.56 trillion British pounds in 2024. During this year, GDP grew by 0.9 percent, following a growth rate of 0.4 percent in 2023. Due to the overall population of the UK growing faster than the economy, however, GDP per capita in the UK fell in both 2023 and 2024. Nevertheless, the UK remains one of the world’s biggest economies, with just five countries (the United States, China, Japan, Germany, and India) having larger economies. It is it likely that several other countries will overtake the UK economy in the coming years, with Indonesia, Brazil, Russia, and Mexico all expected to have larger economies than Britain by 2050.

The datasets that data professionals use to solve problems typically contain missing values, which must be dealt with in order to achieve clean, useful data. This is particularly crucial in exploratory data analysis (EDA). In this activity, you will learn how to address missing data.

You are a financial data consultant, and an investor has tasked your team with identifying new business opportunities. To help them decide which future companies to invest in, you will provide a list of current businesses valued at more than $1 billion. These are sometimes referred to as "unicorns." Your client will use this information to learn about profitable businesses in general.

The investor has asked you to provide them with the following data: - Companies in the hardware industry based in either Beijing, San Francisco, or London - Companies in the artificial intelligence industry based in London - A list of the top 20 countries sorted by sum of company valuations in each country, excluding United States, China, India, and United Kingdom - A global valuation map of all countries with companies that joined the list after 2020 - A global valuation map of all countries except United States, China, India, and United Kingdom (a separate map for Europe is also required)

Your dataset includes a list of businesses and data points, such as the year they were founded; their industry; and their city, country, and continent.

TN-ITS Map Change Data Exchange Feeds Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global TN-ITS Map Change Data Exchange Feeds market size was valued at $1.2 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $4.6 billion by 2033, expanding at an impressive CAGR of 16.7% during the forecast period of 2025–2033. The primary driver behind this robust growth is the escalating demand for real-time, accurate, and standardized map updates to support intelligent transportation systems, autonomous vehicles, and advanced navigation platforms. As urban mobility becomes increasingly digitized and interconnected, the ability to seamlessly exchange and update map data is critical for enhancing road safety, optimizing traffic flows, and enabling next-generation mobility services. The adoption of TN-ITS standards, which facilitate the efficient exchange of authoritative map change information between road authorities and service providers, is accelerating globally, underpinning the market’s expansion and evolution.

Regional Outlook

Europe currently commands the largest share of the Global TN-ITS Map Change Data Exchange Feeds market, accounting for approximately 38.5% of total revenue in 2024. This dominance is primarily attributed to the region’s mature transportation infrastructure, proactive regulatory frameworks, and early adoption of TN-ITS standards. The European Union’s strong policy support for intelligent transport systems, coupled with significant public and private investments in digital mobility, has fostered a fertile environment for the deployment of map change data exchange solutions. Leading countries such as Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom have implemented nationwide TN-ITS pilots and are integrating these feeds into national traffic management and infrastructure planning systems. The presence of prominent mapping service providers and automotive OEMs further bolsters Europe’s position as a technology leader in this domain.

Asia Pacific is emerging as the fastest-growing region in the TN-ITS Map Change Data Exchange Feeds market, forecast to register a remarkable CAGR of 20.8% from 2025 to 2033. Rapid urbanization, exponential growth in vehicle ownership, and massive investments in smart city initiatives are driving the adoption of digital mapping and real-time traffic management solutions across China, Japan, South Korea, and India. Governments in the region are increasingly recognizing the value of TN-ITS feeds for supporting safe and efficient mobility, especially as they prepare for the deployment of connected and autonomous vehicles. Strategic collaborations between local authorities, global technology firms, and automotive players are accelerating the rollout of TN-ITS-compliant platforms, positioning Asia Pacific as a major engine of future market growth.

In emerging economies across Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa, the adoption of TN-ITS Map Change Data Exchange Feeds is still in its nascent stages but is poised for gradual acceleration. These regions face unique challenges such as fragmented road networks, limited digital infrastructure, and varying levels of regulatory readiness. However, growing urban populations, rising congestion, and the need for modern traffic management solutions are prompting governments and transport authorities to explore TN-ITS implementations. Pilot projects, often supported by international development agencies or technology partners, are helping to build local capacity and demonstrate the value of real-time map data exchange in improving road safety and operational efficiency. Over time, increased policy alignment and investment in digital infrastructure are expected to unlock significant market potential in these regions.

Report Scope

IntroductionAutistic people may have different educational needs that need to be met to allow them to develop their full potential. Education and disability policies remain within the competence of EU Member States, with current educational standards and provisions for autistic people implemented locally. This scoping review aims to map EU and national special education policies with the goal of scoping the level of fulfilment of the right to education of autistic people.MethodsFour EU countries (United Kingdom, France, Poland and Spain) were included in this scoping review study. Governmental policies in the field of education, special education needs and disability law were included. Path dependency framework was used for data analysis; a net of inter-dependencies between international, EU and national policies was created.Results and discussionEach country created policies where the right to free education without discrimination is provided. Poland does not have an autism specific strategy, whereas the United Kingdom, France and Spain have policies specifically designed for autistic individuals. Within the United Kingdom, all countries created different autism plans, nevertheless all aim to reach the same goal—inclusive education for autistic children that leads to the development of their full potential.ConclusionPolicy-making across Europe in the field of education has been changing through the years in favour of autistic people. Today their rights are noticed and considered, but there is still room for improvement. Results showed that approaches and policies vastly differ between countries, more Member States should be analysed in a similar manner to gain a broader and clearer view with a special focus on disability rights in Central and Eastern Europe.