This map contains state and county boundaries for the United States for every decennial census from 1790-2020. Original data is from the NHGIS and was simplified to reduce file size using mapshaper.org

Historical population as enumerated and corrected from 1790 through 2020. North Carolina was one of the 13 original States and by the time of the 1790 census had essentially its current boundaries. The Census is mandated by the United States Constitution and was first completed for 1790. The population has been counted every ten years hence, with some limitations. In 1790 census coverage included most of the State, except for areas in the west, parts of which were not enumerated until 1840. The population for 1810 includes Walton County, enumerated as part of Georgia although actually within North Carolina. Historical populations shown here reflect the population of the respective named county and not necessarily the population of the area of the county as it was defined for a particular census. County boundaries shown in maps reflect boundaries as defined in 2020. Historic boundaries for some counties may include additional geographic areas or may be smaller than the current geographic boundaries. Notes below list the county or counties with which the population of a currently defined county were enumerated historically (Current County: Population counted in). The current 100 counties have been in place since the 1920 Census, although some modifications to the county boundaries have occurred since that time. For historical county boundaries see: Atlas of Historical County Boundaries Project (newberry.org)County Notes: Note 1: Total for 1810 includes population (1,026) of Walton County, reported as a Georgia county but later determined to be situated in western North Carolina. Total for 1890 includes 2 Indians in prison, not reported by county. Note 2: Alexander: *Iredell, Burke, Wilkes. Note 3: Avery: *Caldwell, Mitchell, Watauga. Note 4: Buncombe: *Burke, Rutherford; see also note 22. Note 5: Caldwell: *Burke, Wilkes, Yancey. Note 6: Cleveland: *Rutherford, Lincoln. Note 7: Columbus: *Bladen, Brunswick. Note 8: Dare: *Tyrrell, Currituck, Hyde. Note 9: Hoke: *Cumberland, Robeson. Note 10: Jackson: *Macon, Haywood. Note 11: Lee: *Moore, Chatham. Note 12: Lenoir: *Dobbs (Greene); Craven. Note 13: McDowell: *Burke, Rutherford. Note 14: Madison: *Buncombe, Yancey. Note 15: Mitchell: *Yancey, Watauga. Note 16: Pamlico: *Craven, Beaufort. Note 17: Polk: *Rutherford, Henderson. Note 18: Swain: *Jackson, Macon. Note 19: Transylvania: *Henderson, Jackson. Note 20: Union: *Mecklenburg, Anson. Note 21: Vance: *Granville, Warren, Franklin. Note 22: Walton: Created in 1803 as a Georgia county and reported in 1810 as part of Georgia; abolished after a review of the State boundary determined that its area was located in North Carolina. By 1820 it was part of Buncombe County. Note 23: Watauga: *Ashe, Yancey, Wilkes; Burke. Note 24: Wilson: *Edgecombe, Nash, Wayne, Johnston. Note 25: Yancey: *Burke, Buncombe. Note 26: Alleghany: *Ashe. Note 27: Haywood: *Buncombe. Note 28: Henderson: *Buncombe. Note 29: Person: Caswell. Note 30: Clay: Cherokee. Note 31: Graham: Cherokee. Note 32: Harnett: Cumberland. Note 33: Macon: Haywood.

Note 34: Catawba: Lincoln. Note 35: Gaston: Lincoln. Note 36: Cabarrus: Mecklenburg.
Note 37: Stanly: Montgomery. Note 38: Pender: New Hanover. Note 39: Alamance: Orange.
Note 40: Durham: Orange, Wake. Note 41: Scotland: Richmond. Note 42: Davidson: Rowan. Note 43: Davie: Rowan.Note 44: Forsyth: Stokes. Note 45: Yadkin: Surry.
Note 46: Washington: Tyrrell.Note 47: Ashe: Wilkes. Part III. Population of Counties, Earliest Census to 1990The 1840 population of Person County, NC should be 9,790. The 1840 population of Perquimans County, NC should be 7,346.

In the past four centuries, the population of the Thirteen Colonies and United States of America has grown from a recorded 350 people around the Jamestown colony in Virginia in 1610, to an estimated 346 million in 2025. While the fertility rate has now dropped well below replacement level, and the population is on track to go into a natural decline in the 2040s, projected high net immigration rates mean the population will continue growing well into the next century, crossing the 400 million mark in the 2070s. Indigenous population Early population figures for the Thirteen Colonies and United States come with certain caveats. Official records excluded the indigenous population, and they generally remained excluded until the late 1800s. In 1500, in the first decade of European colonization of the Americas, the native population living within the modern U.S. borders was believed to be around 1.9 million people. The spread of Old World diseases, such as smallpox, measles, and influenza, to biologically defenseless populations in the New World then wreaked havoc across the continent, often wiping out large portions of the population in areas that had not yet made contact with Europeans. By the time of Jamestown's founding in 1607, it is believed the native population within current U.S. borders had dropped by almost 60 percent. As the U.S. expanded, indigenous populations were largely still excluded from population figures as they were driven westward, however taxpaying Natives were included in the census from 1870 to 1890, before all were included thereafter. It should be noted that estimates for indigenous populations in the Americas vary significantly by source and time period. Migration and expansion fuels population growth The arrival of European settlers and African slaves was the key driver of population growth in North America in the 17th century. Settlers from Britain were the dominant group in the Thirteen Colonies, before settlers from elsewhere in Europe, particularly Germany and Ireland, made a large impact in the mid-19th century. By the end of the 19th century, improvements in transport technology and increasing economic opportunities saw migration to the United States increase further, particularly from southern and Eastern Europe, and in the first decade of the 1900s the number of migrants to the U.S. exceeded one million people in some years. It is also estimated that almost 400,000 African slaves were transported directly across the Atlantic to mainland North America between 1500 and 1866 (although the importation of slaves was abolished in 1808). Blacks made up a much larger share of the population before slavery's abolition. Twentieth and twenty-first century The U.S. population has grown steadily since 1900, reaching one hundred million in the 1910s, two hundred million in the 1960s, and three hundred million in 2007. Since WWII, the U.S. has established itself as the world's foremost superpower, with the world's largest economy, and most powerful military. This growth in prosperity has been accompanied by increases in living standards, particularly through medical advances, infrastructure improvements, clean water accessibility. These have all contributed to higher infant and child survival rates, as well as an increase in life expectancy (doubling from roughly 40 to 80 years in the past 150 years), which have also played a large part in population growth. As fertility rates decline and increases in life expectancy slows, migration remains the largest factor in population growth. Since the 1960s, Latin America has now become the most common origin for migrants in the U.S., while immigration rates from Asia have also increased significantly. It remains to be seen how immigration restrictions of the current administration affect long-term population projections for the United States.

This data set is a series of polylines denoting fault lines mapped in USGS Publication MF-1790, "Geologic Map of the Late Cenozoic Deposits of the Sacramento Valley and Northern Sierran Foothills, California" (Helley and Harwood,1985). This data set was created by scanning the five- original sheets from USGS Publication MF-1790 (Helley and Harwood, 1985), the five sheets were georeferenced individually and the geologic information was digitized using AutoCAD 2006. The accuracy of the digitized lines was deemed to be within acceptable error tolerances, with the digitized lines accurately matching the original drafted lines in USGS Publication MF-1790 (Helley and Harwood, 1985). In general, the width of the contact lines on the paper copy, accounting for scale, ranged up to about 20 meters (66 feet). During the original digitization, minor topological mistakes (such as identical rock units on both sides of a lithologic contact or unclosed polygons) and omissions (such as unidentified lithologic units) were applied according to the best available knowledge. Comparisons were made between the original mylar and colorized field sheets (as available), in addition to the Geologic Map of the Battle Creek Fault Zone, Northern Sacramento Valley, California (USGS Map MF-1298, 1981), the Geologic Map of the Chico Monocline and Northeastern Part of the Sacramento Valley, California (USGS Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1238, 1981), and the Geologic Map of the Red Bluff 30' X 60' Quadrangle, California (USGS Geologic Investigation Series Map I-2542, 1995). The correlation and description of geologic units were excerpted from USGS Publication MF-1790m (Helley and Harwood, 1985).

This polygon shapefile contains county boundaries for the United States in 1950. Attributes include county and state names as well as FIPS identification numbers and county area estimates. Territories enumerated by the U.S. Census are also included. This layer is part of a collection of historical United States county boundary files (HUSCO), from each decade ranging from 1790-1999.This layer is intended for researchers, students, and policy makers for reference and mapping purposes, and may be used for basic applications such as viewing, querying, and map output production.

This data set is a series of polylines denoting the symbology for landslides; generally showing direction of movement downhill. These features were added to the landslide deposits mapped in USGS Publication MF-1790, "Geologic Map of the Late Cenozoic Deposits of the Sacramento Valley and Northern Sierran Foothills, California" (Helley and Harwood,1985). This data set was created by scanning the five- original sheets from USGS Publication MF-1790 (Helley and Harwood, 1985), the five sheets were georeferenced individually and the geologic information was digitized using AutoCAD 2006. The accuracy of the digitized lines was deemed to be within acceptable error tolerances, with the digitized lines accurately matching the original drafted lines in USGS Publication MF-1790 (Helley and Harwood, 1985). In general, the width of the contact lines on the paper copy, accounting for scale, ranged up to about 20 meters (66 feet). During the original digitization, minor topological mistakes (such as identical rock units on both sides of a lithologic contact or unclosed polygons) and omissions (such as unidentified lithologic units) were applied according to the best available knowledge. Comparisons were made between the original mylar and colorized field sheets (as available), in addition to the Geologic Map of the Battle Creek Fault Zone, Northern Sacramento Valley, California (USGS Map MF-1298, 1981), the Geologic Map of the Chico Monocline and Northeastern Part of the Sacramento Valley, California (USGS Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1238, 1981), and the Geologic Map of the Red Bluff 30' X 60' Quadrangle, California (USGS Geologic Investigation Series Map I-2542, 1995). The correlation and description of geologic units were excerpted from USGS Publication MF-1790m (Helley and Harwood, 1985).

The IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS) provides free online access to summary statistics and GIS files for U.S. censuses and other nationwide surveys from 1790 through the present. NHGIS boundary files are derived primarily from the U.S. Census Bureau's TIGER/Line files with numerous additions to represent historical (1790-1980) boundaries that do not appear in TIGER/Line files. For more recent boundary files (1990 or later), NHGIS typically makes only a few key changes to the TIGER/Line source: (1) we merge files that are available only for individual states or counties to produce new nationwide or statewide files, (2) we project the data into Esri's USA Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic Projected Coordinate System, (3) we add a GISJOIN attribute field, which supplies standard identifiers that correspond to the GISJOIN identifiers in NHGIS data tables, (4) we rename files to use the NHGIS naming style and geographic-level codes, (5) we add NHGIS-specific metadata, and (6) most substantially, we erase coastal water areas to produce polygons that terminate at the U.S. coasts and Great Lakes shores.NHGIS derived this shapefile from the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 TIGER/Line Shapefiles.

This data set is a series of polygons denoting the geologic units mapped in USGS Publication MF-1790, "Geologic Map of the Late Cenozoic Deposits of the Sacramento Valley and Northern Sierran Foothills, California" (Helley and Harwood,1985). This data set was created by scanning the five- original sheets from USGS Publication MF-1790 (Helley and Harwood, 1985), the five sheets were georeferenced individually and the geologic information was digitized using AutoCAD 2006. The accuracy of the digitized lines was deemed to be within acceptable error tolerances, with the digitized lines accurately matching the original drafted lines in USGS Publication MF-1790 (Helley and Harwood, 1985). In general, the width of the contact lines on the paper copy, accounting for scale, ranged up to about 20 meters (66 feet). During the original digitization, minor topological mistakes (such as identical rock units on both sides of a lithologic contact or unclosed polygons) and omissions (such as unidentified lithologic units) were applied according to the best available knowledge. Comparisons were made between the original mylar and colorized field sheets (as available), in addition to the Geologic Map of the Battle Creek Fault Zone, Northern Sacramento Valley, California (USGS Map MF-1298, 1981), the Geologic Map of the Chico Monocline and Northeastern Part of the Sacramento Valley, California (USGS Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1238, 1981), the Geologic Map of the Red Bluff 30' X 60' Quadrangle, California (USGS Geologic Investigation Series Map I-2542, 1995), and the Geologic Map of the Whitmore Quadrangle, California (Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-993) . The correlation and description of geologic units were excerpted from USGS Publication MF-1790m (Helley and Harwood, 1985).

This data set is a series of polylines denoting lineaments associated with the Chico Monocline as mapped in USGS Publication MF-1790, "Geologic Map of the Late Cenozoic Deposits of the Sacramento Valley and Northern Sierran Foothills, California" (Helley and Harwood,1985). This data set was created by scanning the five- original sheets from USGS Publication MF-1790 (Helley and Harwood, 1985), the five sheets were georeferenced individually and the geologic information was digitized using AutoCAD 2006. The accuracy of the digitized lines was deemed to be within acceptable error tolerances, with the digitized lines accurately matching the original drafted lines in USGS Publication MF-1790 (Helley and Harwood, 1985). In general, the width of the contact lines on the paper copy, accounting for scale, ranged up to about 20 meters (66 feet). During the original digitization, corrections to minor topological mistakes (such as identical rock units on both sides of a lithologic contact or unclosed polygons) and omissions (such as unidentified lithologic units) were applied according to the best available knowledge. Comparisons were made between the original mylar and colorized field sheets (as available), in addition to the Geologic Map of the Battle Creek Fault Zone, Northern Sacramento Valley, California (USGS Map MF-1298, 1981), the Geologic Map of the Chico Monocline and Northeastern Part of the Sacramento Valley, California (USGS Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1238, 1981), and the Geologic Map of the Red Bluff 30' X 60' Quadrangle, California (USGS Geologic Investigation Series Map I-2542, 1995). The correlation and description of geologic units were excerpted from USGS Publication MF-1790 (Helley and Harwood, 1985).