This dataset provides a comprehensive historical record of the population of India from the year of its independence in 1947 to 2011. The dataset encompasses six decades of demographic information, capturing key trends and changes in India's population over time.

The dataset includes both national and state-level population figures, allowing researchers and data enthusiasts to explore and analyze the population dynamics across different regions of India. It comprises accurate and reliable data sourced from official government reports, census records, and reputable statistical sources.

The population density of the northern state of Uttar Pradesh in India recorded *** people for every square kilometer in 2011, the latest available census. This was a doubling compared to the value in 1981.

With almost all major religions being practiced throughout the country, India is known for its religious diversity. Islam makes up the highest share among minority faiths in the country. According to the Indian census of 2011, the Muslim population in Uttar Pradesh more than ** million, making it the state with the most Muslims.

Socio-economic conditions of Muslims
Muslims seem to lag behind every other religious community in India in terms of living standards, financial stability, education and other aspects, thereby showing poor performance in most of the fields. According to a national survey, 17 percent of the Muslims were categorized under the lowest wealth index, which indicates poor socio-economic conditions.

Growth of Muslim population in India
Islam is one of the fastest-growing religions worldwide. According to India’s census, the Muslim population has witnessed a negative decadal growth of more than ** percent from 1951 to 1960, presumably due to the partitions forming Pakistan and Bangladesh. The population showed a positive and steady growth since 1961, making up ** percent of the total population of India . Even though people following Islam were estimated to grow significantly, they would still remain a minority in India compared to *** billion Hindus by 2050.

This statistic depicts the age distribution of India from 2013 to 2023. In 2023, about 25.06 percent of the Indian population fell into the 0-14 year category, 68.02 percent into the 15-64 age group and 6.92 percent were over 65 years of age. Age distribution in India India is one of the largest countries in the world and its population is constantly increasing. India’s society is categorized into a hierarchically organized caste system, encompassing certain rights and values for each caste. Indians are born into a caste, and those belonging to a lower echelon often face discrimination and hardship. The median age (which means that one half of the population is younger and the other one is older) of India’s population has been increasing constantly after a slump in the 1970s, and is expected to increase further over the next few years. However, in international comparison, it is fairly low; in other countries the average inhabitant is about 20 years older. But India seems to be on the rise, not only is it a member of the BRIC states – an association of emerging economies, the other members being Brazil, Russia and China –, life expectancy of Indians has also increased significantly over the past decade, which is an indicator of access to better health care and nutrition. Gender equality is still non-existant in India, even though most Indians believe that the quality of life is about equal for men and women in their country. India is patriarchal and women still often face forced marriages, domestic violence, dowry killings or rape. As of late, India has come to be considered one of the least safe places for women worldwide. Additionally, infanticide and selective abortion of female fetuses attribute to the inequality of women in India. It is believed that this has led to the fact that the vast majority of Indian children aged 0 to 6 years are male.

Census: Population: Uttar Pradesh: Lucknow data was reported at 2,901,474.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,245,509.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: Uttar Pradesh: Lucknow data is updated decadal, averaging 576,267.000 Person from Mar 1901 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,901,474.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 240,566.000 Person in 03-01-1921. Census: Population: Uttar Pradesh: Lucknow data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC035: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: Uttar Pradesh.

The Spatial Data from the 2011 India Census contains gridded estimates of India population at a resolution of 1 kilometer along with two spatial renderings of urban areas, one based on the official tabulations of population and settlement type (statutory town, outgrowth, census town), and the second, remotely-sensed measures of built-up land derived from the Global Human Settlement Layer. This data set includes a constructed hybrid representation of the urban settlement continuum by cross-classifying the census and remotely-sensed data.

This feature layers contain demographics about age, gender, education, employment, assets & amenities as reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India in the Census 2011. These attributes cover topics such as male and female population counts by age, literacy, occupation, and household characteristics.Census of India counts every resident in India at village level. It is mandated by The Census Act 1948 of the Constitution and takes place every 10 years.Other demographics layers are also available:Country DemographicsState DemographicsDistrict DemographicsSub-district DemographicsCombined DemographicsEach layer contains the same set of demographic attributes. Each geography level has a viewing range optimal for the geography size, and the map has increasing detail as you zoom in to smaller areas.Data source: Explore Census DataAdmin boundary source (country, states, and districts): Survey of India, 2020For more information: 2011 Census Demographic ProfileFor feedback please contact: content@esri.inData Processing notes:Country, State and District boundaries are simplified representations offered from the Survey of India database.Sub-districts and village boundaries are developed based on the census provided maps.Field names and aliases are processed by Esri India as created for the ArcGIS Platform.For a list of fields and alias names, access the following excel document.Disclaimer:The boundaries may not be perfectly align with AGOL imagery. The Census PDF maps are georeferenced using Survey of India boundaries and notice alignment issues with AGOL Imagery/ Maps. 33k villages are marked as point location on Census PDFs either because of low scale maps where small villages could not have been drawn or digitization has not been completed. These villages are marked as 100m circular polygons in the data.This web layer is offered by Esri India, for ArcGIS Online subscribers. If you have any questions or comments, please let us know via content@esri.in.

The projected median age of population in India, at national level, was expected to go up to more than 34 years by 2036 versus almost 25 years in 2011. At state level, Tamil Nadu reflected the highest projected median age with over 40 years in 2036 versus nearly 30 years in 2011.

The projected median age of population of a country is contingent upon several health metrics such as the fertility rate, birth rate, and mortality rate. For instance, if a country or state sees a lower fertility and mortality rate, the geriatric population is expected to increase proportionally.

Vital Statistics: Birth Rate: per 1000 Population: Uttar Pradesh data was reported at 25.100 NA in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 25.400 NA for 2019. Vital Statistics: Birth Rate: per 1000 Population: Uttar Pradesh data is updated yearly, averaging 28.700 NA from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2020, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 32.800 NA in 2000 and a record low of 25.100 NA in 2020. Vital Statistics: Birth Rate: per 1000 Population: Uttar Pradesh data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAH002: Vital Statistics: Birth Rate: by States.

This layer shows state-wise population under different age groups and Child Sex Ratio in 2001 and 2011 as per Economic Survey Report 2024-2025Source of data: https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/economicsurvey/doc/stat/tab8.8.pdfThis web layer is offered by Esri India, for ArcGIS Online subscribers. If you have any questions or comments, please let us know via content@esri.in.

Abstract

The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) was carried out as the principal activity of a collaborative project to strengthen the research capabilities of the Population Reasearch Centres (PRCs) in India, initiated by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India, and coordinated by the International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Bombay. Interviews were conducted with a nationally representative sample of 89,777 ever-married women in the age group 13-49, from 24 states and the National Capital Territoty of Delhi. The main objective of the survey was to collect reliable and up-to-date information on fertility, family planning, mortality, and maternal and child health. Data collection was carried out in three phases from April 1992 to September 1993. THe NFHS is one of the most complete surveys of its kind ever conducted in India.

The households covered in the survey included 500,492 residents. The young age structure of the population highlights the momentum of the future population growth of the country; 38 percent of household residents are under age 15, with their reproductive years still in the future. Persons age 60 or older constitute 8 percent of the population. The population sex ratio of the de jure residents is 944 females per 1,000 males, which is slightly higher than sex ratio of 927 observed in the 1991 Census.

The primary objective of the NFHS is to provide national-level and state-level data on fertility, nuptiality, family size preferences, knowledge and practice of family planning, the potentiel demand for contraception, the level of unwanted fertility, utilization of antenatal services, breastfeeding and food supplemation practises, child nutrition and health, immunizations, and infant and child mortality. The NFHS is also designed to explore the demographic and socioeconomic determinants of fertility, family planning, and maternal and child health. This information is intended to assist policymakers, adminitrators and researchers in assessing and evaluating population and family welfare programmes and strategies. The NFHS used uniform questionnaires and uniform methods of sampling, data collection and analysis with the primary objective of providing a source of demographic and health data for interstate comparisons. The data collected in the NFHS are also comparable with those of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in many other countries.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Data collected for women 13-49, indicators calculated for women 15-49

Universe

The population covered by the 1992-93 DHS is defined as the universe of all women age 13-49 who were either permanent residents of the households in the NDHS sample or visitors present in the households on the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

SAMPLE DESIGN

The sample design for the NFHS was discussed during a Sample Design Workshop held in Madurai in Octber, 1991. The workshop was attended by representative from the PRCs; the COs; the Office of the Registrar General, India; IIPS and the East-West Center/Macro International. A uniform sample design was adopted in all the NFHS states. The Sample design adopted in each state is a systematic, stratified sample of households, with two stages in rural areas and three stages in urban areas.

SAMPLE SIZE AND ALLOCATION

The sample size for each state was specified in terms of a target number of completed interviews with eligible women. The target sample size was set considering the size of the state, the time and ressources available for the survey and the need for separate estimates for urban and rural areas of the stat. The initial target sample size was 3,000 completed interviews with eligible women for states having a population of 25 million or less in 1991; 4,000 completed interviews for large states with more than 25 million population; 8,000 for Uttar Pradesh, the largest state; and 1,000 each for the six small northeastern states. In States with a substantial number of backward districts, the initial target samples were increased so as to allow separate estimates to be made for groups of backward districts.

The urban and rural samples within states were drawn separetly and , to the extent possible, sample allocation was proportional to the size of the urban-rural populations (to facilitate the selection of a self-weighting sample for each state). In states where the urban population was not sufficiently large to provide a sample of at least 1,000 completed interviews with eligible women, the urban areas were appropriately oversampled (except in the six small northeastern states).

THE RURAL SAMPLE: THE FRAME, STRATIFICATION AND SELECTION

A two-stage stratified sampling was adopted for the rural areas: selection of villages followed by selection of households. Because the 1991 Census data were not available at the time of sample selection in most states, the 1981 Census list of villages served as the sampling frame in all the states with the exception of Assam, Delhi and Punjab. In these three states the 1991 Census data were used as the sampling frame.

Villages were stratified prior to selection on the basis of a number of variables. The firts level of stratification in all the states was geographic, with districts subdivided into regions according to their geophysical characteristics. Within each of these regions, villages were further stratified using some of the following variables : village size, distance from the nearest town, proportion of nonagricultural workers, proportion of the population belonging to scheduled castes/scheduled tribes, and female literacy. However, not all variables were used in every state. Each state was examined individually and two or three variables were selected for stratification, with the aim of creating not more than 12 strata for small states and not more than 15 strata for large states. Females literacy was often used for implicit stratification (i.e., the villages were ordered prior to selection according to the proportion of females who were literate). Primary sampling Units (PSUs) were selected systematically, with probaility proportional to size (PPS). In some cases, adjacent villages with small population sizes were combined into a single PSU for the purpose of sample selection. On average, 30 households were selected for interviewing in each selected PSU.

In every state, all the households in the selected PSUs were listed about two weeks prior to the survey. This listing provided the necessary frame for selecting households at the second sampling stage. The household listing operation consisted of preparing up-to-date notional and layout sketch maps of each selected PSU, assigning numbers to structures, recording addresses (or locations) of these structures, identifying the residential structures, and listing the names of the heads of all the households in the residentiak structures in the selected PSU. Each household listing team consisted of a lister and a mapper. The listing operation was supervised by the senior field staff of the concerned CO and the PRC in each state. Special efforts were made not to miss any household in the selected PSU during the listing operation. In PSUs with fewer than 500 households, a complete household listing was done. In PSUs with 500 or more households, segmentation of the PSU was done on the basis of existing wards in the PSU, and two segments were selected using either systematic sampling or PPS sampling. The household listing in such PSUs was carried out in the selected segments. The households to be interviewed were selected from provided with the original household listing, layout sketch map and the household sample selected for each PSU. All the selected households were approached during the data collection, and no substitution of a household was allowed under any circumstances.

THE RURAL URBAN SAMPLE: THE FRAME, STRATIFICATION AND SELECTION

A three-stage sample design was adopted for the urban areas in each state: selection of cities/towns, followed by urban blocks, and finally households. Cities and towns were selected using the 1991 population figures while urban blocks were selected using the 1991 list of census enumeration blocks in all the states with the exception of the firts phase states. For the first phase states, the list of urban blocks provided by the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSSO) served as the sampling frame.

All cities and towns were subdivided into three strata: (1) self-selecting cities (i.e., cities with a population large enough to be selected with certainty), (2) towns that are district headquaters, and (3) other towns. Within each stratum, the cities/towns were arranged according to the same kind of geographic stratification used in the rural areas. In self-selecting cities, the sample was selected according to a two-stage sample design: selection of the required number of urban blocks, followed by selection of households in each of selected blocks. For district headquarters and other towns, a three stage sample design was used: selection of towns with PPS, followed by selection of two census blocks per selected town, followed by selection of households from each selected block. As in rural areas, a household listing was carried out in the selected blocks, and an average of 20 households per block was selected systematically.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

Three types of questionnaires were used in the NFHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Women's Questionnaire, and the Village Questionnaire. The overall content

Census: Population: Uttar Pradesh data was reported at 199,812,341.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 166,197,921.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: Uttar Pradesh data is updated decadal, averaging 65,208,689.000 Person from Mar 1901 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 199,812,341.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 44,556,427.000 Person in 03-01-1921. Census: Population: Uttar Pradesh data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAB002: Census: Population: by States.

Census: Population: Uttar Pradesh: Gonda data was reported at 138,929.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 120,301.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: Uttar Pradesh: Gonda data is updated decadal, averaging 38,031.000 Person from Mar 1901 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 138,929.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 16,273.000 Person in 03-01-1911. Census: Population: Uttar Pradesh: Gonda data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC035: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: Uttar Pradesh.

This layer shows Population of India (1951-2011).Data Source: https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/economicsurvey/doc/stat/tab87.pdfNote:Andhra Pradesh: Census conducted for the first time in 1961.Assam: The 1981 Census could not be held in Assam. Total population for 1981 has been worked out by interpolation.Jammu and Kashmir: The 1991 Census could not be held in Jammu & Kashmir. Total population for 1991 has been worked out by interpolation.Manipur: India and Manipur figures include estimated population for those of the three sub-divisions viz. Mao Maram, Paomata and Purul Senapati district of Manipur as census results of 2001 in these three sub-divisions were cancelled due to technical and administrative reasons."This web layer is offered by Esri India, for ArcGIS Online subscribers. If you have any questions or comments, please let us know via content@esri.in.

With almost all major religions being practiced throughout the country, India is known for its religious diversity. Hinduism made up for the highest share of faith followed by people in the country. According to the Indian census of 2011, Himachal Pradesh had the highest share of Hindu population in the country.

This data contains all the essential data in the form of % with respect to rural and urban Indian states . This dataset is highly accurate as this is taken from the Indian govt. it is updated till 2021 for all states and union territories. source of data is data.gov.in titled - ******All India and State/UT-wise Factsheets of National Family Health Survey******

it is advised to you pls search the data keywords you need by using (Ctrl+f) , as it will help to avoid time wastage. States/UTs

Different columns it contains are Area

Number of Households surveyed Number of Women age 15-49 years interviewed Number of Men age 15-54 years interviewed

Female population age 6 years and above who ever attended school (%)

Population below age 15 years (%)

Sex ratio of the total population (females per 1,000 males)

Sex ratio at birth for children born in the last five years (females per 1,000 males)

Children under age 5 years whose birth was registered with the civil authority (%)

Deaths in the last 3 years registered with the civil authority (%)

Population living in households with electricity (%)

Population living in households with an improved drinking-water source1 (%)

Population living in households that use an improved sanitation facility2 (%)

Households using clean fuel for cooking3 (%) Households using iodized salt (%)

Households with any usual member covered under a health insurance/financing scheme (%)

Children age 5 years who attended pre-primary school during the school year 2019-20 (%)

Women (age 15-49) who are literate4 (%)

Men (age 15-49) who are literate4 (%)

Women (age 15-49) with 10 or more years of schooling (%)

Men (age 15-49) with 10 or more years of schooling (%)

Women (age 15-49) who have ever used the internet (%)

Men (age 15-49) who have ever used the internet (%)

Women age 20-24 years married before age 18 years (%)

Men age 25-29 years married before age 21 years (%)

Total Fertility Rate (number of children per woman) Women age 15-19 years who were already mothers or pregnant at the time of the survey (%)

Adolescent fertility rate for women age 15-19 years5 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births)

Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births) Under-five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Any method6 (%)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Any modern method6 (%)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Female sterilization (%)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Male sterilization (%)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - IUD/PPIUD (%)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Pill (%)  

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Condom (%)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Injectables (%)

Total Unmet need for Family Planning (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years)7 (%)

Unmet need for spacing (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years)7 (%)

Health worker ever talked to female non-users about family planning (%)

Current users ever told about side effects of current method of family planning8 (%)

Mothers who had an antenatal check-up in the first trimester (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (%)

Mothers who had at least 4 antenatal care visits (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (%)

Mothers whose last birth was protected against neonatal tetanus (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey)9 (%)

Mothers who consumed iron folic acid for 100 days or more when they were pregnant (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (%)

Mothers who consumed iron folic acid for 180 days or more when they were pregnant (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey} (%)

Registered pregnancies for which the mother received a Mother and Child Protection (MCP) card (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (%)

Mothers who received postnatal care from a doctor/nurse/LHV/ANM/midwife/other health personnel within 2 days of delivery (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (%)

Average out-of-pocket expenditure per delivery in a public health facility (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (Rs.)

Children born at home who were taken to a health facility for a check-up within 24 hours of birth (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey} (%)

Children who received postnatal care from a doctor/nurse/LHV/ANM/midwife/ other health personnel within 2 days of delivery (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (%)

Institutional births (in the 5...

Urbanisation is a form of social transformation from traditional rural societies to modern, industrial and urban communities. It is long term continuous process. It is progressive concentration of population in urban unit. Kingsley Davies has explained urbanisation as process of switch from spread out pattern of human settlements to one of concentration in urban centers. Migration is the key process underlying growth of urbanization.

Challenges in urban development--->;

Institutional challenges

Urban Governance 74th amendment act has been implemented half-heartedly by the states, which has not fully empowered the Urban local bodies (ULBs). ULBs comprise of municipal corporations, municipalities and nagar panchayats, which are to be supported by state governments to manage the urban development. For this , ULBs need clear delegation of functions, financial resources and autonomy. At present urban governance needs improvement for urban development, which can be done by enhancing technology, administrative and managerial capacity of ULBs.

Planning Planning is mainly centralized and till now the state planning boards and commissions have not come out with any specific planning strategies an depend on Planning commission for it. This is expected to change in present government, as planning commission has been abolished and now focus is on empowering the states and strengthening the federal structure.

In fact for big cities the plans have become outdated and do not reflect the concern of urban local dwellers, this needs to be take care by Metropolitan planning committee as per provisions of 74th amendment act. Now the planning needs to be decentralized and participatory to accommodate the needs of the urban dwellers.

Also there is lack of human resource for undertaking planning on full scale. State planning departments and national planning institutions lack qualified planning professional. Need is to expand the scope of planners from physical to integrated planning- Land use, infrastructure, environmental sustainability, social inclusion, risk reduction, economic productivity and financial diversity.

Finances Major challenge is of revenue generation with the ULBs. This problem can be analyzed form two perspectives. First, the states have not given enough autonomy to ULBs to generate revenues and Second in some case the ULBs have failed to utilize even those tax and fee powers that they have been vested with.

There are two sources of municipal revenue i.e. municipal own revenue and assigned revenue. Municipal own revenue are generated by municipal own revenue through taxes and fee levied by them. Assigned revenues are those which are assigned to local governments by higher tier of government.

There is growing trend of declining ratio of own revenue. There is poor collection property taxes. Use of geographical information system to map all the properties in a city can have a huge impact on the assessment rate of properties that are not in tax net.

There is need to broaden the user charge fee for water supply, sewerage and garbage disposal. Since these are the goods which have a private characteristics and no public spill over, so charging user fee will be feasible and will improve the revenue of ULBs , along with periodic revision. Once the own revenue generating capacity of the cities will improve, they can easily get loans from the banks. At present due to lack of revenue generation capabilities, banks don’t give loan to ULBs for further development. For financing urban projects, Municipal bonds are also famous, which work on the concept of pooled financing.

Regulator

There is exponential increase in the real estate, encroaching the agricultural lands. Also the rates are very high, which are not affordable and other irregularities are also in practice. For this, we need regulator, which can make level playing field and will be instrumental for affordable housing and checking corrupt practices in Real estate sector.

Infrastructural challenges

Housing Housing provision for the growing urban population will be the biggest challenge before the government. The growing cost of houses comparison to the income of the urban middle class, has made it impossible for majority of lower income groups and are residing in congested accommodation and many of those are devoid of proper ventilation, lighting, water supply, sewage system, etc. For instance in Delhi, the current estimate is of a shortage of 5,00,000 dwelling units the coming decades. The United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UNCHS) introduced the concept of “Housing Poverty” which includes “Individuals and households who lack safe, secure and healthy shelter, with basic infrastructure such as piped water and adequate provision for sanitation, drainage and the removal of hou...

Abstract

Genesis
Reliable and timely data base is the basic infrastructure needed for any sound and systematic planning. Efficient sectoral planning depends to a large extent on the availability of detailed information, preferably at micro level. Though a fairly adequate system of agricultural statistics has already been developed in the country, such an information system has not yet been built up for the non-agricultural sector. While statistics in respect of organised segments of the non-agricultural economy are being collected more or less regularly, it is not so in regard to its unorganised segments even though unorganised sector assumes greater importance due to its significant contribution towards gross domestic product as also in generation of employment in developing economy. Earlier attempts

1.2 attempts were made in the past to bridge these data gaps by both Central agencies and the States. The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) had conducted some surveys on household nonagricultural enterprises in the past. The first round of NSS (1950-51) covered non-agricultural enterprises as one of its subjects. Such enterprises were covered regularly up to the tenth round (1955-56). Subsequently, selected activities were taken up for survey intermittently in different rounds (14th, 23rd & 29th rounds). Establishment schedules were canvassed in 1971 population census. The census of unorganized industrial units was carried out during 1971-73. Census of the units falling within the purview of Development Commissioner, Small scale industries was carried out during 1973-74 and a survey on distributive trade was conducted by some of the States during the fourth five-year plan period (1969-74). All such efforts made prior to 1976 to collect data on unorganized nonagricultural enterprises have been partial and sporadic.

Economic Census 1.3 The first coordinated approach to fill these vital data gaps was made by the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), Government of India by launching a plan scheme 'Economic census and Survey' in 1976. The scheme envisaged organising countrywide census of all economic activities (excluding those engaged in crop production and plantation) followed by detailed sample survey of unorganized segments of different sector on non-agricultural economy in a phased manner during the intervening period of two successive economic censuses. The basic purpose of conducting the economic census was to prepare a frame while follow up surveys collect more detailed sector specific information between two economic censuses. In view of the rapid changes that occur in the unorganised sectors of non-agricultural economy due to high mobility or morbidity of smaller units and also on account of births of new units, the scheme envisaged conducting the economic census periodically in order to update the frame from time to time.

First Economic Census (EC-1977) and Follow up Surveys 1.4 The First Economic Census was conducted through-out the country, except Lakshadweep, during 1977 in collaboration with the Directorate of Economics & Statistics (DES) in the States/Union Territories (UT). The coverage was restricted to only nonagricultural establishments employing at least one hired worker on a fairly regular basis. Data on items such as description of activity, number of persons usually working, type of ownership, etc. were collected.

1.5 Reports based on the data of EC-1977 at State/UT level and at all India level were published. Tables giving the activity group-wise distribution of establishments with selected characteristics and with rural and urban break up were generated. State-wise details for major activities and size-class of employment, inter-alia, were also presented in tables.

1.6 Based on the frame provided by the First Economic Census, detailed sample surveys were carried out during 1978-79 and 1979-80 covering the establishments engaged in manufacturing, trade, hotels & restaurants, transport, storage & warehousing and services. While the smaller establishments (employing less than six workers) and own account establishments were covered by NSSO as part of its 33rd and 34th rounds, the larger establishments were covered through separate surveys. Detailed information on employment, emoluments, capital structure, quantity & value of input, output, etc. were collected and reports giving all important characteristics on each of the concerned subjects were published.

Second Economic Census (EC-1980) and Follow up surveys

1.7 The second economic census was conducted in 1980 along with the house-listing operations of 1981 Population Census. This was done with a view to economizing resources, manpower, time and money. The scope and coverage were enlarged. This time all establishments engaged in economic activities - both agricultural and non-agricultural whether employing any hired worker or not - were covered, except those engaged in crop production and plantation. All States/UTs were covered with the sole exception of Assam, where population census, 1981 was not conducted.

1.8 The information on location of enterprise, description of economic activity carried on, nature of operation, type of ownership, social group of owner, use of power/fuel, total number of workers usually engaged with its hired component and break-up of male and female workers were collected. The items, on which information was collected in second economic census, were more or less the same as hose collected in the First Economic Census. However, based on experience gained in the First Economic Census certain items viz. years of activity, value of annual output/turnover/receipt, mixed activity or not, registered/ licensed/recognized and act or authority, if registered were dropped.

1.9 The field work was done by the field staff consisting of enumerators and supervisors employed in the Directorate of Census Operations of each State/UT. The State Directorates of Economics & Statistics (DES) were also associated in the supervision of fieldwork. Data processing and preparation of State level reports of economic census and their publication were carried out by the DES.

1.10 EC 1980 data were released in two series of tables ('A' series and 'B' series) with different set of groupings for minor and major activities as also for agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. 'A' series give the number of own-account enterprises and establishments with relevant characteristics classified according to nature of economic activity. 'B' series gives the principal characteristics of own-account enterprises and establishments classified by size class of total employment for each economic activity. Summary statements, which basically provide the sampling frame and planning material for follow-up enterprise survey, were generate for rural and urban sectors of each State/District separately. The reports were published both at State/UT level as well as All-India level.

1.11 Based on the frame thrown up by EC-1980, three follow-up surveys were carried out, one in 1983-84 on hotels & restaurants, transport, storage & warehousing and services, second in 1984-85 on unorganized manufacturing and third in 1985-86 on wholesale and retail trade.

1.12 The third economic census scheduled for 1986 could not be carried out due to resource constraints. The EC 1980 frame was updated during 1987-88 in 64 cities (12 cities having more than 10 lakh population and 52 class-I cities) which had problems of identification of enumeration blocks and changes due to rapid urbanization. On the basis of the updated frame, four follow-up surveys were conducted during 1988-89, 1989-90, 1990-91 and 1991-92 covering the subjects of hotels & restaurants and transport, unorganized manufacturing, wholesale & retail trade and medical, educational, cultural & other services respectively.

Third Economic Census (EC-1990) and follow up surveys 1.13 The Third Economic Census was synchronized with the house listing operations of the Population Census 1991 on the same pattern of EC 1980. The coverage was similar to that of EC1980. All States/UTs except Jammu & Kashmir, where population census 1991 was not undertaken, were covered.

1.14 The tabulation plan consisted of generation of tables giving the results of EC 1990 under for categories: (a) Agricultural own account enterprises, (b) agricultural establishments, (c) non-agricultural own account enterprises and (d) non-agricultural establishments. For each of these categories, details of number of enterprises, employment with rural - urban break up for each district were presented by size class of employment, major activity, etc. All these tables were grouped broadly in to three categories viz. (i) summary statements (ii) main tables and (iii) derived tables.

1.15 Based on the frame thrown up by EC 1990 four follow up surveys were carried out: (i) Enterprise Survey covering sectors of mining & quarrying, storage & warehousing in 1992-93; (ii) Enterprise Survey covering sectors of hotels & restaurants and transport in 1993-94; (iii) NSS 51st round covering directory, non-directory and own account enterprise in unregistered manufacturing sector in 1994-95 and (iv) Directory Trade Establishments Survey in 1996-97. NSS 53rd round covered the residual part of the unorganized trade sector in 1997.

Fourth Economic Census 1.16 With a view to meeting the demand of various user departments for the data on unorganized sectors of the economy and considering the nature of large number of small units which are subjected to high rates of mobility and mortality, it was felt that the economic census must be brought back to quinquennial nature so that an up-to-date frame can be made available once in five years for conducting the follow up surveys. It was also felt necessary to assess the impact of economic liberalization process on

The population of India is divided into several groups based on social, educational, and financial statuses. The formation of these groups is a result of the historical social structure of the country. Between 2019 and 2021, Other Backward Class (OBC) constituted the largest part of Indian households accounting for about ** percent. On the other hand, Schedule Tribes formed about *** percent of households. How prosperous is India’s caste-based society? India suffers from extreme social and economic inequality. The combined share of Schedule Tribe and Schedule Caste in the affluent population of India was less than ** percent. Contrary to this, economically and socially stronger groups constituted the major part of the affluent population. Hence, indicating a strong relationship between caste and prosperity. India’s thoughts on caste-based reservation The constitution of India provides reservations to the weaker sections of the society for their upliftment and growth. However, the need for reservation has increased with time, making the whole situation even more complicated. People are divided over the existence of a system that provides preference to certain castes or sects. In a survey conducted in 2016 about providing employment reservation to young adults of Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribe, many people expressed opposition. More than ** percent of opposition came from upper Hindu caste. Minimum opposition was observed from the people belonging to Schedule Tribe and Schedule Caste.

Vital Statistics: Death Rate: per 1000 Population: Uttar Pradesh data was reported at 6.500 NA in 2020. This stayed constant from the previous number of 6.500 NA for 2019. Vital Statistics: Death Rate: per 1000 Population: Uttar Pradesh data is updated yearly, averaging 8.200 NA from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2020, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.500 NA in 1999 and a record low of 6.500 NA in 2020. Vital Statistics: Death Rate: per 1000 Population: Uttar Pradesh data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAH003: Vital Statistics: Death Rate: by States.