Key information about Turkey Household Income per Capita

• Turkey Annual Household Income per Capita reached 2,382.158 USD in Dec 2023, compared with the previous value of 1,847.728 USD in Dec 2022.
• Turkey Annual Household Income per Capita data is updated yearly, available from Dec 2007 to Dec 2023, with an averaged value of 3,670.941 USD.
• The data reached an all-time high of 4,134.509 USD in Dec 2013 and a record low of 1,847.728 USD in Dec 2022.
• In the latest reports, Retail Sales of Turkey grew 11.219 % YoY in Dec 2023.

CEIC calculates Annual Household Income per Capita from annual Household Income, Population and Number of Households and converts it into USD. Turkish Statistical Institute provides Household Income in local currency, Population and Number of Households. The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Household Income covers Household Disposable Income only.

Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Highest 20% data was reported at 48.300 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 49.200 % for 2015. Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Highest 20% data is updated yearly, averaging 47.000 % from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2016, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 49.900 % in 1987 and a record low of 44.700 % in 2007. Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Highest 20% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

Nearly ** percent of Turkey's population fell in the group of middle-class and above consumers as of 2024. Additionally, about ** percent of the residents were considered high-class consumers.

Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Lowest 10% data was reported at 2.200 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.100 % for 2015. Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Lowest 10% data is updated yearly, averaging 2.200 % from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2016, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.400 % in 1987 and a record low of 1.900 % in 2005. Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Lowest 10% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

Turkey TR: GNI: PPP data was reported at 2,112,247.404 Intl $ mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,986,127.492 Intl $ mn for 2016. Turkey TR: GNI: PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 670,637.935 Intl $ mn from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,112,247.404 Intl $ mn in 2017 and a record low of 325,900.253 Intl $ mn in 1990. Turkey TR: GNI: PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Purchasing Power Parity. PPP GNI (formerly PPP GNP) is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. Gross national income is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current international dollars. For most economies PPP figures are extrapolated from the 2011 International Comparison Program (ICP) benchmark estimates or imputed using a statistical model based on the 2011 ICP. For 47 high- and upper middle-income economies conversion factors are provided by Eurostat and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).; ; World Bank, International Comparison Program database.; Gap-filled total;

Turkey TR: PPP Conversion Factor: GDP data was reported at 1.451 TRY/Intl $ in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.299 TRY/Intl $ for 2016. Turkey TR: PPP Conversion Factor: GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.765 TRY/Intl $ from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.451 TRY/Intl $ in 2017 and a record low of 0.001 TRY/Intl $ in 1990. Turkey TR: PPP Conversion Factor: GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Purchasing Power Parity. Purchasing power parity conversion factor is the number of units of a country's currency required to buy the same amounts of goods and services in the domestic market as U.S. dollar would buy in the United States. This conversion factor is for GDP. For most economies PPP figures are extrapolated from the 2011 International Comparison Program (ICP) benchmark estimates or imputed using a statistical model based on the 2011 ICP. For 47 high- and upper middle-income economies conversion factors are provided by Eurostat and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).; ; World Bank, International Comparison Program database.; ;

Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Highest 10% data was reported at 32.100 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 33.500 % for 2015. Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Highest 10% data is updated yearly, averaging 30.800 % from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2016, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 35.100 % in 1987 and a record low of 28.200 % in 2007. Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Highest 10% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

Turkey Jerky Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global turkey jerky market size reached USD 1.27 billion in 2024, reflecting a robust appetite for high-protein snacks among health-conscious consumers. The market is demonstrating a healthy expansion, registering a CAGR of 6.4% from 2025 to 2033. By the end of the forecast period, the turkey jerky market is projected to achieve a value of USD 2.21 billion by 2033. This growth trajectory is primarily driven by increasing consumer preference for lean protein, the rising popularity of convenient snacking options, and a heightened focus on clean-label and natural food products.

One of the primary growth factors propelling the turkey jerky market is the global shift towards healthier eating habits. Consumers are increasingly seeking snacks that provide nutritional benefits without compromising on taste or convenience. Turkey jerky, known for its low fat and high protein content, has emerged as a preferred alternative to traditional red meat snacks. The growing awareness of the health risks associated with excessive consumption of red meat and processed foods has further catalyzed demand. Additionally, the rise of fitness culture and the proliferation of diet trends such as keto, paleo, and high-protein diets have significantly contributed to the surging popularity of turkey jerky. These trends are expected to persist, fueling market growth in both developed and emerging economies.

Another vital growth driver is the innovation in product offerings and flavors. Manufacturers are continuously investing in research and development to introduce novel flavors, organic varieties, and value-added products that cater to diverse consumer palates. The availability of flavored turkey jerky, such as spicy, teriyaki, and barbecue, has expanded the consumer base beyond traditional snackers to include gourmet food enthusiasts. Furthermore, the clean-label movement has prompted producers to emphasize transparency, using natural ingredients and eschewing artificial preservatives, which resonates strongly with modern consumers. This wave of product innovation is not only enhancing consumer engagement but also enabling brands to command premium pricing, thereby boosting overall market revenue.

The expansion of distribution channels, particularly online retail, has also played a pivotal role in market growth. E-commerce platforms have made turkey jerky more accessible to a global audience, eliminating geographical barriers and enabling small and medium-sized producers to reach consumers directly. This digital transformation has been complemented by strategic partnerships between manufacturers and major retail chains, ensuring widespread product availability across supermarkets, hypermarkets, convenience stores, and specialty outlets. As consumer shopping habits evolve, the omni-channel approach adopted by leading brands is expected to drive further market penetration and foster sustained growth over the forecast period.

From a regional perspective, North America continues to dominate the turkey jerky market, accounting for the largest share in 2024. The region’s strong affinity for protein-rich snacks, coupled with a well-established retail infrastructure, has created a favorable environment for market expansion. Europe and Asia Pacific are also witnessing significant growth, fueled by rising disposable incomes, urbanization, and increasing health awareness. In particular, the Asia Pacific region is emerging as a lucrative market, with a growing middle class and changing dietary preferences. The global reach of turkey jerky is further supported by targeted marketing campaigns and the adaptation of products to suit regional tastes, ensuring a positive outlook for the market across all key geographies.

Product Type Analysis

The turkey jerky market is segmented by product type into Original, Flavored, Organic, and Others, each catering to distinct consumer preferences and dietary needs. The Original segment remains a staple, favored by tra

Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Third 20% data was reported at 14.500 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 14.200 % for 2015. Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Third 20% data is updated yearly, averaging 15.100 % from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2016, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.900 % in 2008 and a record low of 14.000 % in 1987. Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Third 20% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

The Turkish automotive engine oils market, valued at approximately $X million in 2025 (estimated based on provided CAGR and market size), exhibits robust growth potential, projected to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.36% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, Turkey's burgeoning automotive sector, encompassing both passenger and commercial vehicles, creates a substantial demand for engine oils. Increased vehicle ownership, driven by rising disposable incomes and a growing middle class, further contributes to market expansion. Secondly, the shift towards higher-quality, synthetic engine oils is a significant trend, reflecting a growing awareness of engine performance and longevity amongst consumers. This preference for premium products drives up average selling prices, positively impacting overall market value. Finally, government initiatives promoting sustainable transportation and stricter emission regulations indirectly boost demand for high-performance engine oils that enhance fuel efficiency and reduce environmental impact. However, potential restraints include fluctuations in crude oil prices, impacting the cost of production, and economic instability within the country which could influence consumer spending on automotive maintenance. Despite these challenges, the market's segmentation presents opportunities for growth. The commercial vehicle segment is likely to experience significant growth due to the increasing freight transportation needs and the expansion of Turkey's logistics industry. Similarly, the premium product grade segment, including fully synthetic and high-performance oils, is expected to outpace the growth of conventional oils, reflecting consumer preference for advanced engine protection and fuel efficiency. Key players like Altinbas Holdings (Alpet Madeni Yağları), BP PLC (Castrol), and Shell are well-positioned to capitalize on these trends through product innovation and strategic partnerships within the Turkish automotive ecosystem. The market's strong fundamentals, combined with strategic investments by major players, indicate a promising outlook for the Turkish automotive engine oils industry throughout the forecast period. Recent developments include: September 2021: Total Turkey Pazarlama and Nissan Turkey signed a new arrangement under which Nissan Turkey will deliver Nissan Genuine Engine Oils to its Turkish clients for the next three years. Nissan Genuine Engine Oils are created with the help of TotalEnergies' lubricant expertise.March 2021: Castrol announced the launch of Castrol ON (a Castrol e-fluid range that includes e-gear oils, e-coolants, and e-greases) to its product portfolio. This range is specially designed for electric vehicles.March 2021: Hyundai Motor Company and Royal Dutch Shell PLC announced a five-year global business cooperation agreement, with a new focus on clean energy and carbon reduction, to help Hyundai continue its transformation as a Smart Mobility Solution Provider.. Notable trends are: Largest Segment By Vehicle Type : Commercial Vehicles.

Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Lowest 20% data was reported at 5.700 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 5.600 % for 2015. Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Lowest 20% data is updated yearly, averaging 5.800 % from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2016, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.900 % in 2010 and a record low of 5.200 % in 2005. Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Lowest 20% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

Turkey TR: GDP: PPP data was reported at 2,140,141.582 Intl $ mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,007,466.261 Intl $ mn for 2016. Turkey TR: GDP: PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 681,337.106 Intl $ mn from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,140,141.582 Intl $ mn in 2017 and a record low of 331,416.695 Intl $ mn in 1990. Turkey TR: GDP: PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Purchasing Power Parity. PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars. For most economies PPP figures are extrapolated from the 2011 International Comparison Program (ICP) benchmark estimates or imputed using a statistical model based on the 2011 ICP. For 47 high- and upper middle-income economies conversion factors are provided by Eurostat and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).; ; World Bank, International Comparison Program database.; Gap-filled total;

Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Second 20% data was reported at 9.900 % in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 9.900 % for 2015. Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Second 20% data is updated yearly, averaging 10.200 % from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2016, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.000 % in 2010 and a record low of 9.800 % in 1987. Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Second 20% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Fourth 20% data was reported at 21.600 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 21.100 % for 2015. Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Fourth 20% data is updated yearly, averaging 21.900 % from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2016, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22.700 % in 2007 and a record low of 20.400 % in 1987. Turkey TR: Income Share Held by Fourth 20% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

Turkey TR: PPP Conversion Factor: Private Consumption data was reported at 1.735 TRY/Intl $ in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.604 TRY/Intl $ for 2016. Turkey TR: PPP Conversion Factor: Private Consumption data is updated yearly, averaging 0.875 TRY/Intl $ from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.735 TRY/Intl $ in 2017 and a record low of 0.002 TRY/Intl $ in 1990. Turkey TR: PPP Conversion Factor: Private Consumption data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Purchasing Power Parity. Purchasing power parity conversion factor is the number of units of a country's currency required to buy the same amounts of goods and services in the domestic market as U.S. dollar would buy in the United States. This conversion factor is for private consumption (i.e., household final consumption expenditure). For most economies PPP figures are extrapolated from the 2011 International Comparison Program (ICP) benchmark estimates or imputed using a statistical model based on the 2011 ICP. For 47 high- and upper middle-income economies conversion factors are provided by Eurostat and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).; ; World Bank, International Comparison Program database.; ;

Turkey TR: Poverty Gap at $5.50 a Day: 2011 PPP: % data was reported at 2.500 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.100 % for 2015. Turkey TR: Poverty Gap at $5.50 a Day: 2011 PPP: % data is updated yearly, averaging 5.400 % from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2016, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12.800 % in 2003 and a record low of 2.500 % in 2016. Turkey TR: Poverty Gap at $5.50 a Day: 2011 PPP: % data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank: Poverty. Poverty gap at $5.50 a day (2011 PPP) is the mean shortfall in income or consumption from the poverty line $5.50 a day (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall), expressed as a percentage of the poverty line. This measure reflects the depth of poverty as well as its incidence.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. The aggregated numbers for low- and middle-income countries correspond to the totals of 6 regions in PovcalNet, which include low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia). See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

Turkey TR: Poverty Gap at $3.20 a Day: 2011 PPP: % data was reported at 0.400 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.500 % for 2015. Turkey TR: Poverty Gap at $3.20 a Day: 2011 PPP: % data is updated yearly, averaging 1.300 % from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2016, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.900 % in 2003 and a record low of 0.400 % in 2016. Turkey TR: Poverty Gap at $3.20 a Day: 2011 PPP: % data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank: Poverty. Poverty gap at $3.20 a day (2011 PPP) is the mean shortfall in income or consumption from the poverty line $3.20 a day (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall), expressed as a percentage of the poverty line. This measure reflects the depth of poverty as well as its incidence.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. The aggregated numbers for low- and middle-income countries correspond to the totals of 6 regions in PovcalNet, which include low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia). See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

Turkey TR: Poverty Headcount Ratio at $3.20 a Day: 2011 PPP: % of Population data was reported at 1.800 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.700 % for 2015. Turkey TR: Poverty Headcount Ratio at $3.20 a Day: 2011 PPP: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 6.000 % from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2016, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.100 % in 2003 and a record low of 1.800 % in 2016. Turkey TR: Poverty Headcount Ratio at $3.20 a Day: 2011 PPP: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank: Poverty. Poverty headcount ratio at $3.20 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $3.20 a day at 2011 international prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. The aggregated numbers for low- and middle-income countries correspond to the totals of 6 regions in PovcalNet, which include low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia). See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

Turkey TR: Imports: % of Total Goods Imports: Residual data was reported at 4.151 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5.358 % for 2015. Turkey TR: Imports: % of Total Goods Imports: Residual data is updated yearly, averaging 6.192 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2016, with 57 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.693 % in 1993 and a record low of 0.708 % in 2008. Turkey TR: Imports: % of Total Goods Imports: Residual data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank.WDI: Imports. Merchandise imports by the reporting economy residuals are the total merchandise imports by the reporting economy from the rest of the world as reported in the IMF's Direction of trade database, less the sum of imports by the reporting economy from high-, low-, and middle-income economies according to the World Bank classification of economies. Includes trade with unspecified partners or with economies not covered by World Bank classification. Data are as a percentage of total merchandise imports by the economy.; ; World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.; Weighted average;

Turkey TR: Prevalence of Overweight: Weight for Height: % of Children Under 5 data was reported at 10.900 % in 2013. This records an increase from the previous number of 9.100 % for 2004. Turkey TR: Prevalence of Overweight: Weight for Height: % of Children Under 5 data is updated yearly, averaging 7.050 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2013, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.900 % in 2013 and a record low of 4.000 % in 1998. Turkey TR: Prevalence of Overweight: Weight for Height: % of Children Under 5 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank: Health Statistics. Prevalence of overweight children is the percentage of children under age 5 whose weight for height is more than two standard deviations above the median for the international reference population of the corresponding age as established by the WHO's new child growth standards released in 2006.; ; UNICEF, WHO, World Bank: Joint child malnutrition estimates (JME). Aggregation is based on UNICEF, WHO, and the World Bank harmonized dataset (adjusted, comparable data) and methodology.; Linear mixed-effect model estimates; Estimates of overweight children are also from national survey data. Once considered only a high-income economy problem, overweight children have become a growing concern in developing countries. Research shows an association between childhood obesity and a high prevalence of diabetes, respiratory disease, high blood pressure, and psychosocial and orthopedic disorders (de Onis and Blössner 2003). Childhood obesity is associated with a higher chance of obesity, premature death, and disability in adulthood. In addition to increased future risks, obese children experience breathing difficulties and increased risk of fractures, hypertension, early markers of cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and psychological effects. Children in low- and middle-income countries are more vulnerable to inadequate nutrition before birth and in infancy and early childhood. Many of these children are exposed to high-fat, high-sugar, high-salt, calorie-dense, micronutrient-poor foods, which tend be lower in cost than more nutritious foods. These dietary patterns, in conjunction with low levels of physical activity, result in sharp increases in childhood obesity, while under-nutrition continues