Over 909 million people in India lived in rural areas in 2023, a decrease from 2022. Urban India, although far behind with over 508 million people, had a higher year-on-year growth rate during the measured period.

Rural population (% of total population) in India was reported at 63.64 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. India - Rural population - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

In financial year 2024, the total number of internet connections in India reached close to *** million. The connectivity has more than tripled since 2015, in comparison to ****** million connections. Although around ** percent of India's population lives in rural areas, the number of connections remains higher in urban areas compared to rural areas. In 2024, there were *** million internet connections in urban areas.

Historical chart and dataset showing India rural population by year from 1960 to 2023.

In 2024, engagement in digital activities in India was much higher in urban areas compared to rural areas. The rate of social media usage was 59 percent in urban areas, compared to 35 percent in rural areas. Digital payments were also more widely used in urban areas as compared to rural areas.

The dataset contains year-, state- and month-wise compiled data from the year 2011 to till date on the consumer price index (CPI) in Rural and Urban areas of India for various items such as Pan, Supari, Tobacco, Beverages, Fuel, Light, Housing, Clothing, Bedding, Footwear, etc.

The bottom * percent of the rural population ranked by Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE), had an average MPCE of *** thousand Indian rupees whereas for the same category of population in urban areas it was around * thousand rupees. On the other hand, the top 5 percent of India's rural and urban populations had an average MPCE of over ** thousand and ** thousand respectively.

Urban population (% of total population) in India was reported at 36.36 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. India - Urban population (% of total) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

In 1951, India’s total rural population was approximately 298 million, while the urban population was only about 62 million. By 2011, these numbers grew to around 833 million and 377 million, respectively. This represents a 179% increase in rural population and a staggering 504% increase in urban population over the 60-year period.

High Frequency Indicator: The dataset contains year- and month-wise compiled All India data from the year 2011 to till date on the net addition of subscribers to the wireline and wireless telecom services in rural and urban areas of India

High Frequency Indicator: The dataset contains year-, quarter- and service-area-wise data on the teledensity in rural and urban areas of India by percentage of wireline and wireless telecom subscriptions

Teledensity refers to proportion of people per every 100 people using telephone services

The statistic illustrates the share of elderly people living in India in 2011. over nine percent of the female elderly population were living in rural areas in India. Conversely, the share of male population living in the rural areas was lower at slightly over eight percent

Background: Childhood obesity has become a pressing global public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like India. This systematic review aims to investigate the prevalence of childhood obesity and its associated risk factors in urban and rural regions of India.

Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases to identify relevant English-language studies published within the past decade. Inclusion criteria included studies conducted in India, focusing on children and adolescents aged 0-18, and reporting either the prevalence of childhood obesity or related risk factors. Ten studies, comprising both cross-sectional and quantitative research designs, met these criteria.

Results: The findings reveal a significant disparity in childhood obesity prevalence between urban and rural areas of India. Urban regions exhibit notably higher rates, with a pooled prevalence estimated at 9.0% (95% CI: 2.0 to 17), compared to 4.0% (95% CI: 4.0 to 5.0) in rural areas. Risk factors associated with childhood obesity in urban settings include unhealthy dietary habits, limited physical activity, higher income levels, parental education, and attendance at private schools. In rural areas, gender, age, and household size emerged as potential risk factors.

Discussion: These findings underscore the urgent need for geographically tailored interventions to address the urban-rural disparities in childhood obesity. Lifestyle-oriented strategies promoting healthier dietary patterns and increased physical activity are essential. Gender-inclusive programs targeting both boys and girls are crucial. Future research should consider regional and cultural diversity to design more effective public health responses.

Conclusion: This systematic review provides valuable insights into the prevalence and risk factors of childhood obesity in India. It highlights the necessity for customized interventions and lifestyle adjustments to combat this escalating public health challenge and reduce disparities in health outcomes.

High Frequency Indicator: The dataset contains year-, month- and service-area-wise from the year 2013 to till date on the per hundred and total number of internet subscribers in rural and urban areas of India

Abstract

The Employment and Unemployment surveys of National sample Survey (NSS) are primary sources of data on various indicators of labour force at National and State levels. These are used for planning, policy formulation, decision support and as input for further statistical exercises by various Government organizations, academicians, researchers and scholars. NSS surveys on employment and un-employment with large sample size of households have been conducted quinquennially from 27th. round(October'1972 - September'1973) onwards. Cotinuing in this series the fourth such all-india survey on the situation of employment and unemployment in India was carried out during the period july 1987 - june 1988 .

The working Group set up for planning of the entire scheme of the survey, among other things, examined also in detail some of the key results generated from the 38th round data and recommended some stream-lining of the 38th round schedule for the use in the 43rd round. Further, it felt no need for changing the engaging the easting conceptual frame work. However, some additional items were recommended to be included in the schedule to obtain the necessary and relevant information for generating results to see the effects on participation rates in view of the ILO suggestions.5.0.1. The NSSO Governing Council approved the recommendations of the working Group and also the schedule of enquiry in its 44th meeting held on 16 January, 1987. In this survey, a nation-wide enquiry was conducted to provide estimates on various characteristics pertaining to employment and unemployment in India and some characteristics associated with them at the national and state levels. Information on various facets of employment and unemployment in India was collected through a schedule of enquiry (schedule 10).

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of Indian Union excepting i) Ladakh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir ii) Rural areas of Nagaland

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

It may be mentioned here that in order to net more households of the upper income bracket in the Sample , significant changes have been made in the sample design in this round (compares to the design of the 38th round).

SAMPLE DESIGN AND SAMPLE SIZE The survey had a two-stage stratified design. The first stage units (f.s.u.'s) are villages in the rural sector and urban blocks in the urban sector. The second stage units are households in both the sectors. Sampling frame for f.s.u.'s : The lists of 1981 census villages constituted the sampling frame for rural sector in most districts. But the 1981 census frame could not be used for a few districts because, either the 1981 census was not held there or the list of 1981 census villages could not be obtained or the lists obtained from the census authorities were found to be grossly incomplete. In such cases 1971 census frame were used. In the urban sector , the Urban Frame Survey (U.F.S.) blocks constituted the sampling frame. STRATIFICATION : States were first divided into agro-economic regions which are groups of contiguous districts , similar with respect to population density and crop pattern. In Gujarat, however , some districts have been split for the purpose of region formation In consideration of the location of dry areas and the distribution of the tribal population in the state. The composition of the regions is given in the Appendix. RURAL SECTOR: In the rural sector, within each region, each district with 1981Census rural population less 1.8 million formed a single stratum. Districts with larger population were divided into two or more strata, depending on population, by grouping contiguous tehsils similar, as for as possible, in respect of rural population Density and crop pattern. (In Gujarat, however , in the case of districts extending over more than one region, even if the rural population was less than 1.8 million, the portion of a district falling in each region constituted a separate stratum. Further ,in Assam the old "basic strata" formed on the basis of 1971 census rural population exactly in the above manner, but with cut-off population as 1.5 million have been retained as the strata for rural sampling.) URBAN SECTOR : In the urban sector , strata were formed , again within NSS region , on the basis of the population size class of towns . Each city with population 10 lakhs or more is self-representative , as in the earlier rounds . For the purpose of stratification, in towns with '81 census population 4 lakhs or more , the blocks have been divided into two categories , viz . : One consisting of blocks in areas inhabited by the relatively affluent section of the population and the other consisting of the remaining blocks. The strata within each region were constituted as follows :

Table (1.2) : Composition of urban strata

Stratum population class of town

number

(1) (2)

1 all towns with population less than 50,000 2 -do- 50,000 - 199,999 3 -do- 200,000 - 399,999 4 -do- 400,000 - 999,999 ( affluent area) 5 (other area) 6 a single city with population 1 million and above (affluent area) 7 " (other area) 8 another city with population 1 million and above

9 " (other area)

Note : There is no region with more than one city with population 1 million and above. The stratum number have been retained as above even if in some regions some of the strata are empty. Allocation for first stage units : The total all-India sample size was allocated to the states /U.T.'s proportionate to the strength of central field staff. This was allocated to the rural and urban sectors considering the relative size of the rural and urban population. Now the rural samples were allocated to the rural strata in proportion to rural population. The urban samples were allocated to the urban strata in proportion to urban population with double weight age given to those strata of towns with population 4 lakhs or more which lie in area inhabited by the relatively affluent section. All allocations have been adjusted such that the sample size for stratum was at least a multiple of 4 (preferably multiple of 8) and the total sample size of a region is a multiple of 8 for the rural and urban sectors separately.
Selection of f.s.u.'s : The sample villages have been selected circular systematically with probability proportional to population in the form of two independent interpenetrating sub-samples (IPNS) . The sample blocks have been selected circular systematically with equal probability , also in the form of two IPNS' s. As regards the rural areas of Arunachal Pradesh, the procedure of 'cluster sampling' was:- The field staff will be supplied with a list of the nucleus villages of each cluster and they selected the remaining villages of the cluster according to the procedure described in Section Two. The nucleus villages were selected circular systematically with equal probability, in the form of two IPNS 's. Hamlet-group and sub-blocks : Large villages and blocks were sub- divided into a suitable number of hamlet-groups and sub-blocks respectively having equal population convent and one them was selected at random for surveys. Hamlet-group and sub-blocks : Large villages and blocks were sub- divided into a suitable number of hamlet-groups and sub-blocks respectively having equal population convent and one them was selected at random for surveys. Selection of households : rural : In order to have adequate number of sample households from the affluent section of the society, some new procedures were introduced for selection of sample households, both in the rural and urban sectors. In the rural sector , while listing households, the investigator identified the households in village/ selected hamlet- group which may be considered to be relatively more affluent than the rest. This was done largely on the basis of his own judgment but while exercising his judgment considered factors generally associated with rich people in the localitysuch as : living in large pucca house in well-maintained state, ownership/possession of cultivated/irrigated land in excess of certain norms. ( e.g.20 acres of cultivated land or 10 acres of irrigated land), ownership of motor vehicles and costly consumer durables like T.V. , VCR, VCP AND refrigerator, ownership of large business establishment , etc. Now these "rich" households will form sub-stratum 1. (If the total number of households listed is 80 or more , 10 relatively most affluent households will form sub-stratum 1. If it is below 80, 8 such households will form sub-stratum 1. The remaining households will 'constitute sub-stratum 2. At the time of listing, information relating to each household' s major sources of income will be collected, on the basis of which its means of livelihood will be identified as one of the following : "self-employed in non-agriculture " "rural labour" and "others" (see section Two for definition of these terms) . Also the area of land possessed as on date of survey will be ascertained from all households while listing. Now the households of sub-stratum 2 will be arranged in the order : (1)self-employed in non-agriculture, (2) rural labour, other households, with land possessed (acres) : (3) less than 1.00 (4) 1.00-2.49,(5)2.50-4.99, (6)

India: Rural population, percent of total population: The latest value from 2023 is 63.64 percent, a decline from 64.13 percent in 2022. In comparison, the world average is 38.64 percent, based on data from 196 countries. Historically, the average for India from 1960 to 2023 is 73.97 percent. The minimum value, 63.64 percent, was reached in 2023 while the maximum of 82.08 percent was recorded in 1960.

Abstract

Objective of the consumer expenditure survey (CES): Firstly, as an indicator of level of living, monthly per capita expenditure (MPCE) is both simple and universally applicable. Average MPCE of any sub-population of the country (any region or population group) is a single number that summarises the level of living of that population. It is supplemented by the distribution of MPCE, which highlights the differences in level of living of the different parts of the population. More detailed analysis of the distribution of MPCE reveals the proportion and absolute numbers of the poor with respect to a given poverty line. A welfare state has to take note of these numbers in allocating its resources among sectors, regions, and socio-economic groups. The distribution of MPCE can also be used to measure the level of inequality, or the degree to which consumer expenditure is concentrated in a small proportion of households or persons, and this can be done without any predetermined poverty line or welfare norms.

If socialism was the ideal of the 1950's, the ideal of policy-makers during the last decade was "inclusive growth". Increasingly, inclusive growth is seen as the all-important target that we should aim at, at least for the immediate future. Not surprisingly, the NSS CES is being used by scholars as a searchlight focused on the country's development process that shows up just how inclusive the country's growth has been.

Since the data is collected not only on consumption level but also on the pattern of consumption, the CES has another important use. To work out consumer price indices (CPIs) which measure the general rise in consumer prices, one needs to know not only the price rise for each commodity group but also the budget shares of different commodity groups (used as weights). The budget shares as revealed by the NSS CES are being used for a long time to prepare what is called the weighing diagram for official compilation of CPIs. More extensive use of NSS CES data is planned to have a weighing diagram that uses a finer commodity classification, to prepare rural and urban CPIs separately for each State.

Apart from these major uses of the CES, the food (quantity) consumption data are used to study the level of nutrition of different regions, and disparities therein. Further, the budget shares of a commodity at different MPCE levels are used by economists and market researchers to determine the elasticity (responsiveness) of demand to income increases.

Two types of Schedule 1.0 viz. Schedule Type 1 and Schedule Type 2 was canvassed in this round. Schedule Type 1 and Type 2 are similar to those of NSS 66th round.

Reference period and schedule type: The reference period is the period of time to which the information collected relates. In NSS surveys, the reference period often varies from item to item. Data collected with different reference periods are known to exhibit certain systematic differences. Strictly speaking, therefore, comparisons should be made only among estimates based on data collected with identical reference period systems. In the 68th round - as in the 66th round -two schedule types have been drawn up. The two schedule types differonly in respect of reference period. Sample households were divided into two sets: Schedule Type 1 was canvassed in one set and Schedule Type 2 in the other.

Schedule Type 1 uses the same reference period system as Schedule Type 1 of NSS 66th round. Schedule Type 1 requires that for certain items (Clothing, bedding, footwear, education, medical (institutional), durable goods), the same household should report data for two reference periods - 'Last 30 days' and 'Last 365 days'. Schedule Type 2 has the same reference periods as Schedule Type 2 of NSS 66th round. For Group I items (Clothing, bedding, footwear, education, medical (institutional), durable goods), the reference period used in Schedule Type 2 is 'Last 365 days'.

As in the 66th round, items of food, pan, tobacco and intoxicants (Food-plus category) are split into 2 blocks - 5.1 and 5.2 - instead of being placed in a single block. • Block 5.1 consists of the item groups cereals, pulses, milk and milk products, sugar and salt. This block has a reference period of 30 days in both Schedule Type 1 and Schedule Type 2. • Block 5.2 consists of the other items of food, along with pan, tobacco and intoxicants. This block is assigned a reference period of 'Last 30 days' in Schedule Type 1 and a reference period of 'Last 7 days' in Schedule Type 2.

Thus Schedule Type 1, like Schedule 1.0 of NSS 66th round, uses the 'Last 30 days' reference period for all items of food, and for pan, tobacco and intoxicants.

Geographic coverage

The survey covers the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample design

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 68th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) are the 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling is the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages (henceforth the term 'village' would include also Panchayat wards for Kerala) constitutes the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of UFS blocks (2007-12) is considered as the sampling frame.

Stratification: Within each district of a State/ UT, generally speaking, two basic strata have been formed: i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising of all the urban areas of the district. However, within the urban areas of a district, if there are one or more towns with population 10 lakhs or more as per population census 2001 in a district, each of them forms a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district are considered as another basic stratum.

Sub-stratification: Rural sector r: If 'r' be the sample size allocated for a rural stratum, the number of sub-strata formed would be 'r/4'. The villages within a district as per frame were first arranged in ascending order of population. Then sub-strata 1 to 'r/4' have been demarcated in such a way that each sub-stratum comprised a group of villages of the arranged frame and have more or less equal population. Urban sector: If 'u' be the sample size for an urban stratum, 'u/4' number of sub-strata have been formed. In case u/4 is more than 1, implying formation of 2 or more sub-strata, this is done by first arranging the towns in ascending order of total number of households in the town as per UFS phase 2007-12 and then arranging the IV units of each town and blocks within each IV unit in ascending order of their numbers. From this arranged frame of UFS blocks of all the towns/million plus city of a stratum, 'u/4' number of sub- strata formed in such a way that each sub-stratum has more or less equal number of households as per UFS 2007-12.

Total sample size (FSUs): 12784 FSUs have been allocated for the central sample at all-India level and 14772 FSUs have been allocated for state sample.

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs: The total number of sample FSUs has allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to population as per census 2001 subject to a minimum sample allocation to each State/ UT. While doing so, the resource availability in terms of number of field investigators has been kept in view.

Allocation of State/ UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/ UT level sample size has been allocated between two sectors in proportion to population as per census 2001 with double weightage to urban sector. However, if such weighted allocation resulted in too high sample size for the urban sector, the allocation for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, etc. was restricted to that of the rural sector. A minimum of 16 FSUs (minimum 8 each for rural and urban sector separately) is allocated to each state/ UT.

Allocation to strata/ sub-strata: Within each sector of a State/ UT, the respective sample size has been allocated to the different strata/ sub-strata in proportion to the population as per census 2001. Allocations at stratum level are adjusted to multiples of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4. Allocation for each sub-stratum is 4. Equal number of samples has been allocated among the four sub-rounds.

Selection of FSUs: For the rural sector, from each stratum/ sub-stratum, required number of sample villages has been selected by probability proportional to size with replacement (PPSWR), size being the population of the village as per Census 2001. For the urban sector, UFS 2007-12 phase has been used for all towns and cities and FSUs have been selected from each stratum/sub-stratum by using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). Both rural and urban samples are to be drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples and equal number of samples have been allocated among the four sub rounds.

Selection of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks - important steps

Criterion for hamlet-group/ sub-block formation: After identification of the boundaries of the FSU, it is first determined whether listing is to be done in the whole sample FSU or not. In case the population of the selected FSU is found to be 1200 or more, it has to be divided into a suitable number (say, D) of 'hamlet-groups' in the rural

Abstract

The 61st round of the Nationbal Sample Survey was conducted during July, 2004 to June, 2005. The survey was spread over 7,999 villages and 4,602 urban blocks covering 1,24,680 households (79,306 in rural areas and 45,374 in urban areas) and enumerating 6,02,833 persons (3,98,025 in rural areas and 2,04,808 in urban areas). Employment and unemployment were measured with three different approaches, viz. usual status with a reference period of one year, current weekly status with one week reference period and current daily status based on the daily activity pursued during each day of the reference week. Unless otherwise stated, ‘all’ usual status workers will mean all workers taking into consideration the usual principal and subsidiary status taken together.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Household, individual

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 61st round survey. The first stage units (FSU) are the 2001 census villages in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In the case of large villages/blocks requiring hamlet-group (hg)/sub-block (sb) formation, one intermediate stage is the selection of two hgs/sbs from each FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) constitutes the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks has been considered as the sampling frame.

Stratification: Within each district of a State/UT, two basic strata have been formed: i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising of all the urban areas of the district. However, if there are one or more towns with population 10 lakhs or more as per population census 2001 in a district, each of them will also form a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district will be considered as another basic stratum. There are 27 towns with population 10 lakhs or more at all-India level as per census 2001.

Sub-stratification:

• Rural sector: If 'r' be the sample size allocated for a rural stratum, the number of sub-strata formed is 'r/2'. The villages within a district as per frame have been first arranged in ascending order of population. Then sub-strata 1 to 'r/2' have been demarcated in such a way that each sub-stratum comprises a group of villages of the arranged frame and has more or less equal population.

• Urban sector: If 'u' be the sample size for a urban stratum, 'u/2' number of sub-strata have been formed. The towns within a district, except those with population 10 lakhs or more, have been first arranged in ascending order of population. Next, UFS blocks of each town have been arranged by IV unit no. × block no. in ascending order. From this arranged frame of UFS blocks of all the towns, 'u/2' number of sub-strata has been formed in such a way that each sub-stratum has more or less equal number of UFS blocks.

For towns with population 10 lakhs or more, the urban blocks have been first arranged by IV unit no. × block no. in ascending order. Then 'u/2' number of sub-strata has been formed in such a way that each sub-stratum has more or less equal number of blocks.

Total sample size (FSUs): 12784 FSUs have been allocated at all-India level on the basis of investigator strength in different States/UTs for central sample and 14992 for state sample.

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs: The total number of sample FSUs is allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to population as per census 2001 subject to the availability of investigators ensuring more or less uniform work-load.

Allocation of State/UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/UT level sample size is allocated between two sectors in proportion to population as per census 2001 with 1.5 weightage to urban sector subject to the restriction that urban sample size for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc. should not exceed the rural sample size. A minimum of 8 FSUs has been allocated to each state/UT separately for rural and urban areas.

Allocation to strata: Within each sector of a State/UT, the respective sample size is allocated to the different strata in proportion to the stratum population as per census 2001. Allocations at stratum level have been adjusted to a multiple of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4.

Selection of FSUs: Two FSUs have been selected from each sub-stratum of a district of rural sector with Probability Proportional to Size With Replacement (PPSWR), size being the population as per Population Census 2001. For urban sector, two FSUs have been selected from each sub-stratum by using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). Within each sub-stratum, samples have been drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples in both the rural and urban sectors.

Selection of hamlet-groups/sub-blocks/households - important steps

Criterion for hamlet-group/sub-block formation: Large villages/blocks having approximate present population of 1200 or more will be divided into a suitable number (say, D) of 'hamlet-groups' in the rural sector and 'sub-blocks' in the urban sector as stated below.

approximate present population of the sample village/block / no. of hgs/sbs to be formed (D)

less than 1200 (no hamlet-groups/sub-blocks): 1
1200 to 1799: 3 1800 to 2399: 4 2400 to 2999: 5 3000 to 3599: 6 …..and so on

For rural areas of Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Poonch, Rajouri, Udhampur, Doda districts of Jammu and Kashmir and Idukki district of Kerala, the number of hamlet-groups formed is as follows.

approximate present population of the sample village / no. of hgs to be formed

less than 600 (no hamlet-groups): 1
600 to 899: 3
900 to 1199: 4
1200 to 1499: 5 …..and so on

Two hamlet-groups/sub-blocks are selected from a large village/UFS block wherever hamlet-groups/sub-blocks have been formed, by SRSWOR. Listing and selection of the households are done independently in the two selected hamlet-groups/sub-blocks. In case hamlet-groups/sub-blocks are to be formed in the sample FSU, the same would be done by more or less equalizing population.

Formation of Second Stage Strata and allocation of households

For both Schedule 1.0 and Schedule 10, households listed in the selected village/block/ hamlet-groups/sub-blocks are stratified into three second stage strata (SSS) as given below.

Rural: The three second-stage-strata (SSS) in the rural sector are formed in the following order:

SSS 1: relatively affluent households
SSS 2: from the remaining households, households having principal earning from non- agricultural activity
SSS 3: other households

Urban: In the urban sector, the three second-stage strata (SSS) are formed as under:

Two cut-off points, say 'A' and 'B', based on MPCE of NSS 55th round, have been determined at NSS Region level in such a way that top 10% of households have MPCE more than 'A' and bottom 30% have MPCE less than 'B'. Then three second-stage-strata (SSS) are formed in the urban sector in the following order:

SSS 1: households with MPCE more than A (i.e. MPCE > A)
SSS 2: households with MPCE equal to or less than A but equal to or more than B ( i.e. B = MPCE = A)
SSS 3: households with MPCE less than B (i.e. MPCE < B)

The number of households to be surveyed in each FSU is 10 for each of the schedules 1.0 and 10. C

Selection of households for Schedules 1.0 and 10: From each SSS the sample households for both the schedules are selected by SRSWOR. If a household is selected both for schedule 1.0 and schedule 10, only schedule 1.0 would be canvassed in that household and the sample household for schedule 10 would be replaced by next household in the frame for schedule 10.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

In the present round, Schedule 10 on employment-unemployment consists of 16 blocks.

The first three blocks, viz. Blocks 0, 1 and 2, are used to record identification of sample households and particulars of field operations, as is the common practice in usual NSS rounds. Similarly, the last two blocks, viz., Blocks 10 & 11, are again the usual blocks to record the remarks of investigator and comments by supervisory officer(s), respectively. Block 3 will be for recording the household characteristics like household size, religion, social group, land possessed and cultivated, monthly per capita consumer expenditure, etc., and Block 3.1 for recording particulars of indebtedness of rural labour households.

Block 4 is used for recording the demographic particulars and attendance in educational institutions of all the household members. Particulars of vocational training receiving/received by the household members will also be collected in block 4.

In Block 5.1, particulars of usual principal activity of all the household members will be recorded along with some particulars of the enterprises in which the usual status workers (excluding those in crop and plantation activities) are engaged. Information on informal employment will also be collected in block 5.1. Similarly, the particulars of one subsidiary economic activity of the household members along with some

In 2011, the Gini coefficient in rural India stood at 31.1, while urban India reached a higher score of 39. The Gini coefficient, or the Gini index, measures the inequality of income distribution, whereas a higher value closer to one (or 100 percent) represent greater inequality.

This dataset provides detailed budget allocation insights for urban and rural households in India, capturing present living standards. The data includes various spending areas such as housing, food, transportation, healthcare, education, and discretionary expenses. The dataset is designed to help researchers, policymakers, and individuals understand spending habits and optimize budget planning.

Context: The dataset is derived from various government reports, surveys, and market research studies that provide a snapshot of the current economic conditions and living standards in India. It includes average income levels, typical expenses, and common savings patterns for both urban and rural households.

Sources:

National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) Various market research reports and publications Inspiration: The inspiration behind this dataset is to provide a clear and detailed picture of how households in different regions of India allocate their budgets. This can be a valuable resource for economists, social scientists, financial advisors, and anyone interested in understanding the financial behavior of Indian households.