This data collection consists of modified records from CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING, 1970 [UNITED STATES]: PUBLIC USE SAMPLES (ICPSR 0018). The original records consisted of 120-character household records and 120-character person records, whereas the new modified records are rectangular (each person record is combined with the corresponding household record) with a length of 188, after the deletion of some items. Additional information was added to the data records, including typical educational requirement for current occupation, occupational prestige score, and group identification code. This version also differs from the original public use census samples in other ways: persons aged 15-75 were included, no majority males were included, but the majority males from CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING [UNITED STATES], 1970 PUBLIC USE SAMPLE: MODIFIED 1/1000 5% STATE SAMPLES (ICPSR 7922) were included for convenience, 10 percent of the Black population from each file was included, and Mexican Americans (identified by a Spanish surname) from outside the five southwestern states of Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas were not included in this file. Variables provide information on the housing unit, such as occupancy and vacancy status of house, value of property, commercial use, ratio of rent and property value to family income, availability of plumbing facilities, sewage disposal, complete kitchen facilities, heating facilities, flush toilet, water, television, and telephone. Data are also provided on household characteristics such as household size, family size, and household relationships. Other demographic variables specify age, sex, place of birth, state of residence, Spanish descent, marital status, race, veteran status, income, and ratio of family income to poverty cutoff level. This collection was made available by the National Chicano Research Network of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. See the related collection, CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING [UNITED STATES], 1970 PUBLIC USE SAMPLE: MODIFIED 1/1000 5% STATE SAMPLES (ICPSR 7922).

This data collection represents a sample of the records contained in the Census Bureau's 1-in-100 county group sample 5-percent files for Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs). Family information is provided in this file, including family relationships, size of family, family unit membership and group quarters status, Spanish descent, citizenship, immigration history, marital history, disability that affected work, and state of residence five years ago. Information is also provided on the housing unit, such as occupancy and vacancy status of house, number of rooms, tenure, value of property, commercial use, year structure was built, location of structure, rent, and availability of telephone, complete kitchen facilities, hot and cold water, bathtub or shower, flush toilet, plumbing facilities, basement, clothes washing machine, dishwasher, and television set. Other demographic variables provide information on age, sex, race, ethnicity, place of birth, marital status, education, occupation, income, and ratio of family income to poverty cutoff level.

Abstract

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system.

The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Households and Group Quarters

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: No - Vacant units: Yes - Households: Yes - Individuals: Yes - Group quarters: Yes

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Households: Dwelling places with fewer than five persons unrelated to a household head, excluding institutions and transient quarters. - Group quarters: Institutions, transient quarters, and dwelling places with five or more persons unrelated to a household head.

Universe

Residents of the 50 states (not the outlying areas).

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau

SAMPLE UNIT: Household

SAMPLE FRACTION: 1%

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 2,029,666

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

One in five housing units in 1970 received a long form containing supplemental sample questions. There were two versions of the long form, with different inquiries on both housing and population items; 15 percent of households received one version, and 5 percent received the other. Six independent 1 percent public use samples were produced for 1970, three from the 15 percent questionnaire and three from the 5 percent questionnaire. IPUMS-International uses the "Form 2 Metro" sample.

Response rate

UNDERCOUNT: No official estimates

This data collection contains the MEDList file, the geographic reference file for the 1970 Census containing records for states, counties, minor civil divisions (MCD) or census county divisions (CCD)s, place segments, enumeration districts, and block groups. Items include state code, county code, MCD/CCD code, place code, place type, standard consolidated area code, standard metropolitan statistical area (SMSA) code, urbanized area code, tracted area code, state economic area code, economic subregion code, central business district code, area name, tract code, block group code, enumeration district code, urban/rural classification, ward code, congressional district code, housing count, and population count.

Abstract

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system.

The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Households and Group Quarters

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: No - Vacant units: Yes

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Households: Dwelling places with fewer than five persons unrelated to a household head, excluding institutions and transient quarters. - Group quarters: Institutions, transient quarters, and dwelling places with five or more persons unrelated to a household head.

Universe

Residents of Puerto Rico.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau

SAMPLE UNIT: Household

SAMPLE FRACTION: 1%

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 27,212

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

One in five housing units in 1970 received a long form containing supplemental sample questions. Three independent 1 percent public use samples were produced for 1970, each privileging a particular geography: neighborhood, municipio, and "state". IPUMS-International uses the municipio sample.

Response rate

UNDERCOUNT: No official estimates

Data are composed of complete tract summariesThere are to be five record types for each tract. Record type 1 is total population. Record type 2 is white population. Record type3 is Negro population. Record type 4 is Spanish-American population. Record type 5 is housing characteristics. Data are presented for race and ethnic origin, age, family type, veteran status, education, income, employment status, class of worker, industry, and occupation. Selected housing characteristics such as value, rent and year structure built are also provided

This file is based on the 1970 U.S. Census of Population and Housing Public Use Sample: 5% 1-in-100 sample of persons in the labor force and contains a selection of variables. The file was prepared by Donald Treiman. The file contains both household and person records.

The average American family in 2023 consisted of 3.15 persons. Families in the United States According to the U.S. Census Bureau, a family is a group of two people or more (one of whom is the householder) related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together; all such people (including related subfamily members) are considered as members of one family. As of 2023, the U.S. Census Bureau counted about 84.33 million families in the United States. The average family consisted of 3.15 persons in 2021, down from 3.7 in the 1960s. This is reflected in the decrease of children in family households overall. In 1970, about 56 percent of all family households had children under the age of 18 living in the household. This percentage declined to about 40 percent in 2020. The average size of a family household varies greatly from state to state. The largest average families can be found in Utah, California, and Hawaii, while the smallest families can be found in Wisconsin, Vermont and Maine.

There are five datasets in this collection. 1947: contains concentration ratios and value of shipments for 454 4-digit census manufacturing industries. Each record is associated with a particular SIC. There is one record per industry. The source for the 1947 data is Study of Monopoly Power. hearings before the Subcommittee on Study of Monopoly Power of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, Eighty-first Congress, first session, Serial No. 14, Part 2-B, Table 1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1950: 1437-1453. 1954: contains concentration ratios and value of shipments for 447 4-digit census manufacturing industries. Each record is associated with a particular SIC. There is one record per industry. The source for the 1954 data is The Proportion of the Shipments (or Employees) of Each Industry, or the Shipments of each Group of Products Accounted for by the Largest Companies as Reported in the 1954 Census of Manufactures. Prepared at the request of the Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly of the Senate Judiciary Committee. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, July 1957. Table 6. 1958: contains concentration ratios and value of shipments for 446 4-digit census manufacturing industries. Each record is associated with a particular SIC. There is one record per industry. The source for the 1958 data is Concentration Ratios in Manufacturing Industry, 1958, 87th Congress, second session, Committee print, Report prepared by the Bureau of the Census for the Subcommittee of Antitrust and Monopoly of the Committee on the Judiciary, Part 1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1962: Table 2. 1970: contains 4-firm and 8 firm concentration ratios for 413 4-digit census manufacturing industries in 1970. Each record is uniquely associated with a particular SIC. There is one record per industry. The source for the 1970 data is the Annual Survey of Manufactures: 1970, Value of Shipment Concentration Ratios. M70(AS)-9, U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1972.

Resident population of New York State and counties produced by the U.S. Census Bureau. Estimates are based on decennial census counts (base population), intercensal estimates, postcensal estimates and administrative records. Updates are made annually using current data on births, deaths, and migration to estimate population change. Each year beginning with the most recent decennial census the series is revised, these new series of estimates are called vintages.

In 2024, 34.59 percent of all households in the United States were two person households. In 1970, this figure was at 28.92 percent. Single households Single mother households are usually the most common households with children under 18 years old found in the United States. As of 2021, the District of Columbia and North Dakota had the highest share of single-person households in the United States. Household size in the United States has decreased over the past century, due to customs and traditions changing. Families are typically more nuclear, whereas in the past, multigenerational households were more common. Furthermore, fertility rates have also decreased, meaning that women do not have as many children as they used to. Average households in Utah Out of all states in the U.S., Utah was reported to have the largest average household size. This predominately Mormon state has about three million inhabitants. The Church of the Latter-Day Saints, or Mormonism, plays a large role in Utah, and can contribute to the high birth rate and household size in Utah. The Church of Latter-Day Saints promotes having many children and tight-knit families. Furthermore, Utah has a relatively young population, due to Mormons typically marrying and starting large families younger than those in other states.

How many households are in the U.S.?

In 2023, there were 131.43 million households in the United States. This is a significant increase from 1960, when there were 52.8 million households in the U.S.

What counts as a household?

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, a household is considered to be all persons living within one housing unit. This includes apartments, houses, or single rooms, and consists of both related and unrelated people living together. For example, two roommates who share a living space but are not related would be considered a household in the eyes of the Census. It should be noted that group living quarters, such as college dorms, are not counted as households in the Census.

Household changes

While the population of the United States has been increasing, the average size of households in the U.S. has decreased since 1960. In 1960, there was an average of 3.33 people per household, but in 2023, this figure had decreased to 2.51 people per household. Additionally, two person households make up the majority of American households, followed closely by single-person households.

Abstract (en): This data collection is a test version of the United States Bureau of the Census data file format for the 1980 United States Census. It consists of data collected in the spring of 1978 during a dress rehearsal for the 1980 United States Census and covers the city of Richmond, Henrico County, and Chesterfield County, Virginia. The Dress Rehearsal data were used to create two representative Summary Tape File 1 (STF1) files for users who wanted to become familiar with the data format or test and develop software for processing summary data. The purpose of the dress rehearsal program was to use the planned final materials and procedures in locations that simulated various conditions that the Bureau would face in the 1980 Census. The STF1 files are equivalent in content to the combined 1st and 3rd count summary files in the 1970 Census data. They contain only 100-percent items, and no sample items are present. This study contains two test files created from the Richmond Dress Rehearsal data: STF1A and STF1B. They are identical in content and format and differ only in geographic coverage. STF1A file (Part 1) contains summaries for the state, counties, minor civil divisions (MCD) or census county divisions (CCD), places or place segments within MCD/CCD and remainder of MCD/CCD, tracts or block numbering areas, and block groups or, for unblocked areas, enumeration districts. Summaries are also given for places and congressional districts for the 96th Congress. STF1B file (Part 2) provides summaries for state, SMSAs, nonSMSA remainder of state, counties, MCDs within counties, places within MCDs within counties, tracts or block numbering areas (BNAs), and blocks or, for unblocked areas, enumeration districts. Summaries are also provided for blocked portions of all geographic levels. Data are provided for population and housing characteristics. The housing items include occupancy/vacancy status, tenure, contract rent, value, condominium status, number of rooms, and plumbing facilities. Variables on population include demographic items such as age, race, sex, marital status, Spanish origin, household type, and household relationship. Selected aggregates, means, and medians are also provided. This hierarchical data collection contains approximately 59 variables. STF1A contains 733 records with a logical record length of 3,276 characters with 2 record segments of 1,638 characters each. STF1B contains 7,278 records with a logical record length of 3,276 characters with 2 record segments of 1,638 characters each. The data are arrayed in 59 tables consisting of 32l data cells. One set of documentation is provided to cover both files. See the related collection, CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING, 1980 [UNITED STATES]: P.L. 94-171 POPULATION COUNTS: 1978 RICHMOND DRESS REHEARSAL (ICPSR 7810). All persons and housing units in Richmond City, Henrico County, and Chesterfield County, Virginia, in 1978. 2006-01-18 File CB7781.ALL.PDF was removed from any previous datasets and flagged as a study-level file, so that it will accompany all downloads. (1) The codebook is provided by ICPSR as a Portable Document Format (PDF) file. The PDF file format was developed by Adobe Systems Incorporated and can be accessed using PDF reader software, such as the Adobe Acrobat Reader. Information on how to obtain a copy of the Acrobat Reader is provided on the ICPSR Web site. (2) Users should note that there are analytical limitations to the use of the dress rehearsal data. One type of analytical limitation of the data is geographic. A second limitation results from changes in the questionnaire between the Richmond Dress Rehearsal and the 1980 Census. Although the changes do not affect the character location or the structure of this dataset, they do affect the substantive compatibility of STF 1 for the Richmond test and STF 1 for the 1980 Census. The data from the Richmond test were forced into the 1980 format for STF 1. Consequently, data on the Richmond STF 1 reflect the items on that questionnaire, but the format of the 1980 questionnaire governs the tape layout.

United States Number of Housing Unit: Vacant: Year Round: Other Reasons data was reported at 4,146.000 Unit th in Jun 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,006.000 Unit th for Mar 2018. United States Number of Housing Unit: Vacant: Year Round: Other Reasons data is updated quarterly, averaging 2,142.500 Unit th from Mar 1965 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 214 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,146.000 Unit th in Jun 2018 and a record low of 931.000 Unit th in Dec 1970. United States Number of Housing Unit: Vacant: Year Round: Other Reasons data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.EB011: Number of Housing Units. Series Remarks1. Data for 1979 Q1 to Q4 was revised to reflect changes made in 1980.2. Data for 1989 Q1 to Q4 was revised to include year-round vacant mobile homes.3. Data for 1993 Q1 to Q4 was revised based on the 1990 Census.4. Data for 2002 Q1 to Q4 was revised based on the 2000 Census.

PLURAL (Place-level urban-rural indices) is a framework to create continuous classifications of "rurality" or "urbanness" based on the spatial configuration of populated places. PLURAL makes use of the concept of "remoteness" to characterize the level of spatial isolation of a populated place with respect to its neighbors. There are two implementations of PLURAL, including (a) PLURAL-1, based on distances to the nearest places of user-specified population classes, and (b) PLURAL-2, based on neighborhood characterization derived from spatial networks. PLURAL requires simplistic input data, i.e., the coordinates (x,y) and population p of populated places (villages, towns, cities) in a given point in time. Due to its simplistic input, the PLURAL rural-urban classification scheme can be applied to historical data, as well as to data from data-scarce settings. Using the PLURAL framework, we created place-level rural-urban indices for the conterminous United States from 1930 to 2018. Rural-urban classifications are essential for analyzing geographic, demographic, environmental, and social processes across the rural-urban continuum. Most existing classifications are, however, only available at relatively aggregated spatial scales, such as at the county scale in the United States. The absence of rurality or urbanness measures at high spatial resolution poses significant problems when the process of interest is highly localized, as with the incorporation of rural towns and villages into encroaching metropolitan areas. Moreover, existing rural-urban classifications are often inconsistent over time, or require complex, multi-source input data (e.g., remote sensing observations or road network data), thus, prohibiting the longitudinal analysis of rural-urban dynamics. We developed a set of distance- and spatial-network-based methods for consistently estimating the remoteness and rurality of places at fine spatial resolution, over long periods of time. Based on these methods, we constructed indices of urbanness for 30,000 places in the United States from 1930 to 2018. We call these indices the place-level urban-rural index (PLURAL), enabling long-term, fine-grained analyses of urban and rural change in the United States. The method paper has been peer-reviewed and is published in "Landscape and Urban Planning". The PLURAL indices from 1930 to 2018 are available as CSV files, and as point-based geospatial vector data (.SHP). Moreover, we provide animated GIF files illustrating the spatio-temporal variation of the different variants of the PLURAL indices, illustrating the dynamics of the rural-urban continuum in the United States from 1930 to 2018. Apply the PLURAL rural-urban classification to your own data: Python code is fully open source and available at https://github.com/johannesuhl/plural. Data sources: Place-level population counts (1980-2010) and place locations 1930 - 2018 were obtained from IPUMS NHGIS, (University of Minnesota, www.nhgis.org; Manson et al. 2022). Place-level population counts 1930-1970 were digitized from historical census records (U.S. Census Bureau 1942, 1964). References: Uhl, J.H., Hunter, L.M., Leyk, S., Connor, D.S., Nieves, J.J., Hester, C., Talbot, C. and Gutmann, M., 2023. Place-level urban–rural indices for the United States from 1930 to 2018. Landscape and Urban Planning, 236, p.104762. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104762 Steven Manson, Jonathan Schroeder, David Van Riper, Tracy Kugler, and Steven Ruggles. IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System: Version 16.0 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS. 2021. http://doi.org/10.18128/D050.V16.0 U.S. Census Bureau (1942). U.S. Census of Population: 1940. Vol. I, Number of Inhabitants. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. U.S. Census Bureau (1964). U.S. Census of Population: 1960. Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population. Part I, United States Summary. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

This data collection contains detailed county and state-level ecological and descriptive data for the United States for the years 1790 to 2002. Parts 1-43 are an update to HISTORICAL, DEMOGRAPHIC, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL DATA: THE UNITED STATES, 1790-1970 (ICPSR 0003). Parts 1-41 contain data from the 1790-1970 censuses. They include extensive information about the social and political character of the United States, including a breakdown of population by state, race, nationality, number of families, size of the family, births, deaths, marriages, occupation, religion, and general economic condition. Parts 42 and 43 contain data from the 1840 and 1870 Censuses of Manufacturing, respectively. These files include information about the number of persons employed in various industries and the quantities of different types of manufactured products. Parts 44-50 provide county-level data from the United States Census of Agriculture for 1840 to 1900. They also include the state and national totals for the variables. The files provide data about the number, types, and prices of various agricultural products. Parts 51-57 contain data on religious bodies and church membership for 1906, 1916, 1926, 1936, and 1952, respectively. Parts 58-69 consist of data from the CITY DATA BOOKS for 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1962, 1967, 1972, 1977, 1983, 1988, 1994, and 2000, respectively. These files contain information about population, climate, housing units, hotels, birth and death rates, school enrollment and education expenditures, employment in various industries, and city government finances. Parts 70-81 consist of data from the COUNTY DATA BOOKS for 1947, 1949, 1952, 1956, 1962, 1967, 1972, 1977, 1983, 1988, 1994, and 2000, respectively. These files include information about population, employment, housing, agriculture, manufacturing, retail, services, trade, banking, Social Security, local governments, school enrollment, hospitals, crime, and income. Parts 82-84 contain data from USA COUNTIES 1998. Due to the large number of variables from this source, the data were divided into into three separate data files. Data include information on population, vital statistics, school enrollment, educational attainment, Social Security, labor force, personal income, poverty, housing, trade, farms, ancestry, commercial banks, and transfer payments. Parts 85-106 provide data from the United States Census of Agriculture for 1910 to 2002. They provide data about the amount, types, and prices of various agricultural products. Also, these datasets contain extensive information on the amount, expenses, sales, values, and production of farms and machinery. (Source: downloaded from ICPSR 7/13/10)

Please Note: This dataset is part of the historical CISER Data Archive Collection and is also available at ICPSR -- https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR02896.v3. We highly recommend using the ICPSR version, as they made this dataset available in multiple data formats and updated the data through 2002.

United States Housing Vacancy Rate: By Structure: Homeowner: 2 or More Units data was reported at 4.500 % in Sep 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.000 % for Jun 2018. United States Housing Vacancy Rate: By Structure: Homeowner: 2 or More Units data is updated quarterly, averaging 5.300 % from Mar 1968 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 203 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.800 % in Dec 2010 and a record low of 1.500 % in Sep 1970. United States Housing Vacancy Rate: By Structure: Homeowner: 2 or More Units data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.EB008: Housing Vacancy and Home Ownership Rate.

United States Number of Housing Unit: Vacant: Year Round data was reported at 13,220.000 Unit th in Sep 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 13,103.000 Unit th for Jun 2018. United States Number of Housing Unit: Vacant: Year Round data is updated quarterly, averaging 9,099.000 Unit th from Mar 1965 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 215 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14,491.000 Unit th in Jun 2010 and a record low of 4,255.000 Unit th in Dec 1970. United States Number of Housing Unit: Vacant: Year Round data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.EB011: Number of Housing Units. Series Remarks Data for 1979 Q1 to Q4 was revised to reflect changes made in 1980. Data for 1989 Q1 to Q4 was revised to include year-round vacant mobile homes. Data for 1993 Q1 to Q4 was revised based on the 1990 Census. Data for 2002 Q1 to Q4 was revised based on the 2000 Census.

Graph and download economic data for Average Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States (ASPUS) from Q1 1963 to Q1 2025 about sales, housing, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Homeownership Rate in the United States (RHORUSQ156N) from Q1 1965 to Q1 2025 about homeownership, housing, rate, and USA.