The United States was responsible for almost one third of the world's corn production in 2023/24. Most of the U.S. production is attributable to the Corn Belt, which is in the Midwest of the United States. Since the 1850s, corn has been the predominant crop in this area.

U.S. corn production

Most of the corn grow in in the U.S. is field corn. Field corn is not primarily for human consumption but is used to produce hundreds of other products such as ethanol, livestock feed, and other manufactured goods. In 2023, the U.S. harvested over 86 million acres of corn for grain. Wisconsin, California, and South Dakota were the top states producing corn for silage in the U.S. that year.

Global corn consumption: It’s Corn!

In 2022/23, just under 46 billion bushels of corn were consumed worldwide. The United States and China were the top consumers of corn in the world, each consuming over 11 billion bushels that year. Even though the U.S. leads in consumption globally, the consumption of sweet corn has declined drastically since 2015. Mexico, was the top importer of U.S. corn in 2022, followed by China.

In March 2023, the growth rate was at its highest as wet corn exports surged by 41% compared to the previous month. However, by October 2023, the value of wet corn exports significantly declined to $192M.

The timeline shows the per capita consumption of fresh sweet corn in the United States from 2000 to 2023. According to report, the U.S. per capita consumption of fresh sweet corn amounted to 4.9 pounds in 2023.

In this study, we show the response of corn and soybean yield stability to hot, dry and excess rainfall by using regression model for rainfed corn and soybean based on statistical yield data and process-based crop model ensemble simulation in the US Midwest. The results using observational data and model simulations consistently indicate that increased hot, dry and excess rainfall jointly reduce the corn and soybean yield stability. The crop insurance loss records indicate yield losses are the major source of declined yield stability. The influence of hot and dry to corn yield stability changes are similar, and hot predominantly drives the changes in soybean yield stability in the US Midwest.

The U.S. market for cereal grain products (including corn flakes) declined to $4.7B in 2024, waning by -2.1% against the previous year. In general, the total consumption indicated tangible growth from 2012 to 2024: its value increased at an average annual rate of +4.5% over the last twelve-year period. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2024 figures, consumption decreased by -1.1% against 2021 indices.

The timeline shows the per capita consumption of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in the United States from 2000 to 2019. The U.S. per capita consumption of high fructose corn syrup amounted to 37.7 pounds in 2018.

In 2022, after eight years of growth, there was significant decline in the North American market for frozen vegetables other than potato and corn, when its value decreased by X% to $X. The total consumption indicated a temperate increase from 2012 to 2022: its value increased at an average annual rate of X% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The level of consumption peaked at $X in 2021, and then declined in the following year.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset illustrates the median household income in Corn, spanning the years from 2010 to 2023, with all figures adjusted to 2023 inflation-adjusted dollars. Based on the latest 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates from the American Community Survey, it displays how income varied over the last decade. The dataset can be utilized to gain insights into median household income trends and explore income variations.

Key observations:

From 2010 to 2023, the median household income for Corn increased by $446 (0.80%), as per the American Community Survey estimates. In comparison, median household income for the United States increased by $5,602 (7.68%) between 2010 and 2023.

Analyzing the trend in median household income between the years 2010 and 2023, spanning 13 annual cycles, we observed that median household income, when adjusted for 2023 inflation using the Consumer Price Index retroactive series (R-CPI-U-RS), experienced growth year by year for 6 years and declined for 7 years.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. All incomes have been adjusting for inflation and are presented in 2022-inflation-adjusted dollars.

Years for which data is available:

• 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 0223

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column presents the data year from 2010 to 2023
• Median Household Income: Median household income, in 2023 inflation-adjusted dollars for the specific year
• YOY Change($): Change in median household income between the current and the previous year, in 2023 inflation-adjusted dollars
• YOY Change(%): Percent change in median household income between current and the previous year

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Corn median household income. You can refer the same here

Crop residues are potential biofuel feedstocks, but residue removal may reduce soil carbon (C). The inclusion of a cover crop in a corn bioenergy system could provide additional biomass, mitigating the negative effects of residue removal by adding to stable soil C pools. In a no-till continuous corn bioenergy system in the northern US Corn Belt, we used 13CO2 pulse labeling to trace plant C from a winter rye (Secale cereale) cover crop into different soil C pools for 2 years following rye cover crop termination. Corn stover left as residue (30% of total stover) contributed 66, corn roots 57, rye shoots 61, rye roots 50, and rye rhizodeposits 25 g C m−2 to soil. Five months following cover crop termination, belowground cover crop inputs were three times more likely to remain in soil C pools than were aboveground inputs, and much of the root-derived C was in mineral-associated soil fractions. After 2 years, both above- and belowground inputs had declined substantially, indicating that the majority of both root and shoot inputs are eventually mineralized. Our results underscore the importance of cover crop roots vs. shoots and the importance of cover crop rhizodeposition (33% of total belowground cover crop C inputs) as a source of soil C. However, the eventual loss of most cover crop C from these soils indicates that cover crops will likely need to be included every year in rotations to accumulate soil C.

In Q1 2025, U.S. corn starch prices experienced significant volatility, driven by a combination of supply constraints, demand fluctuations, and logistical challenges. In January, prices maintained an upward trend due to robust demand from sectors like pharmaceuticals and food processing, along with supply disruptions caused by rising freight costs and port congestion, particularly at the Port of Los Angeles. These logistical issues, along with inventory shortages, heightened price pressures.

In Q1 2025, the Maize market experienced notable fluctuations, with prices rising sharply in January and February before declining in March. January saw a significant increase due to adverse weather in South America, particularly during the planting stages, which reduced crop yields. Coupled with the USDA’s downward revision of U.S. production estimates, this created supply concerns, driving up both domestic and international prices. The weaker U.S. dollar also boosted Maize exports, particularly to China and Mexico, further supporting the upward price trend.

To assess the magnitude of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, nutrient runoff and leaching from dairy barnyards and to characterize factors controlling these fluxes, nine barnyards were built at the U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center Farm in Prairie du Sac, WI (latitude 43.33N, longitude 89.71W). The barnyards were designed to simulate outdoor cattle-holding areas on commercial dairy farms in Wisconsin. Each barnyard was approximately 7m x 7m; areas of barnyards 1-9 were 51.91, 47.29, 50.97, 46.32, 45.64, 46.30, 48.93, 48.78, 46.73 square meters, respectively. Factors investigated included three different surface materials (bark, sand, soil) and timing of cattle corralling. Each barnyard included a gravity drainage system that allowed leachate to be pumped out and analyzed. Each soil-covered barnyard also included a system to intercept runoff at the perimeter and drain to a pumping port, similar to the leachate systems. From October 2010 to October 2015, dairy heifers were placed onto experimental barnyards for approximately 7-day periods four times per year, generally in mid-spring, late-spring / early summer, mid-to-late summer and early-to-mid autumn. Heifers were fed once per day from total mixed rations consisting mostly of corn (maize) and alfalfa silages. Feed offered and feed refused were both weighed and analyzed for total nitrogen (N), carbon (C), phosphorus (P) and cell wall components (neutral detergent fiber, NDF). Leachate was pumped out of plots frequently enough to prevent saturation of surface materials and potential anaerobic conditions. Leachate was also pumped out the day before any gas flux measurements. Leachate total volume and nitrogen species were measured, and from “soil” barnyards the runoff was also measured. The starting bulk density, pH, total carbon (C) and total N of barnyard surface materials were analyzed. Decomposed bark in barnyards was replaced with new bark in 2013, before the spring flux measurements. Please note: the data presented here includes observations made in 2015; the original paper included observations through 2014 only. Gas fluxes (carbon dioxide, CO2; methane, CH4; ammonia, NH3; and nitrous oxide, N2O) were measured during the two days before heifers were corralled in barnyards, and during the two days after heifers were moved off the barnyards. During the first day of each two-day measurement period, gas fluxes were measured at two randomly selected locations within each barnyard. Each location was sampled once in the morning and once in the afternoon. During the second day, this procedure was repeated with two new randomly selected locations in each barnyard. This experiment was partially funded by a project called “Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in Dairy Production Systems of the Great Lakes Region,” also known as the Dairy Coordinated Agricultural Project (Dairy CAP). The Dairy CAP is funded by the United States Department of Agriculture - National Institute of Food and Agriculture (award number 2013-68002-20525). The main goal of the Dairy CAP is to improve understanding of the magnitudes and controlling factors over GHG emissions from dairy production in the Great Lakes region. Using this knowledge, the Dairy CAP is improving life cycle analysis (LCA) of GHG production by Great Lakes dairy farms, developing farm management tools, and conducting extension, education and outreach activities. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: Data_dictionary_DairyCAP_Barnyards. File Name: BYD_Data_Dictionary.xlsxResource Description: This is the data dictionary for the data from the paper "Gas emissions from dairy barnyards" by Mark Powell and Peter Vadas. Resource Software Recommended: Microsoft Excel 2016,url: https://products.office.com/en-us/excel Resource Title: DairyCAP_Barnyards. File Name: BYD_Project_Data.xlsxResource Description: This is the complete data from the paper: Powell, J. M. & Vadas, P. A. (2016). Gas emissions from dairy barnyards. Animal Production Science, 56, 355-361. Data are separated into separate spreadsheet tabs.Resource Software Recommended: Microsoft Excel 2016,url: https://products.office.com/en-us/excel Resource Title: Data_dictionary_DairyCAP_Barnyards. File Name: Data_Dictionary_BYD.csvResource Description: This is the data dictionary for the data from the paper "Gas emissions from dairy barnyards" by Mark Powell and Peter Vadas. Resource Title: GHG Data. File Name: BYD_GHG.csvResource Description: Greenhouse gas flux dataResource Title: Intake Data. File Name: BYD_Intake.csvResource Title: Leachate Data. File Name: BYD_Leachate.csvResource Title: Runoff Data. File Name: BYD_Runoff.csvResource Title: Surface Data. File Name: BYD_Surface.csvResource Title: TMR Data. File Name: BYD_TMR.csvResource Description: Total mixed ration data

The Flour Milling industry manufactures milled products, including various flours, rice and malt. Despite a significant shift away from wheat flour consumption, demand for products has grown as rising health consciousness has driven consumers toward gluten-free and whole-grain foods. Also, the pandemic sparked a trend in at-home baking, attracting more consumers. At the same time, the price of certain input commodities has increased in recent years, raising operational costs. Imports into the Flour Milling industry have also risen. However, revenue is expected to inch down at a CAGR of 0.1% over the past five years to $21.6 in 2024, including a 4.8% dip in 2024 alone. Profit, meanwhile, remained relatively stagnant during the same timeframe, representing an estimated 6.9% of revenue in 2024. Stay-at-home orders associated with the pandemic spurred an interest in at-home baking. The sudden boost in demand for flour from individual consumers and the significant loss in demand from commercial consumers like restaurants temporarily disrupted industry supply chains but eventually yielded a rise in demand. Operators have also responded to a widespread shift in consumer preferences toward healthier and gluten-free options by increasing the production of rice, almond and hempseed flour varieties, appealing to a niche market of consumers with gluten-free products. The industry's most prominent players have been consolidating to strengthen efficiency and produce products at maximum capacity to remain competitive. Moving forward, the prices of several agricultural commodities, including wheat and corn, are expected to remain relatively stable. Low volatility in input prices prevents operators from hiking prices for consumers, limiting revenue and putting pressure on profit. While import penetration is expected to fall, a drop in wheat flour consumption will constrain revenue. Shifting consumer preferences will continue to encourage consolidation and force flour milling companies into more niche markets to remain competitive. Overall, revenue is estimated to remain constant, growing at a CAGR of 0.0% over the next five years to $21.7 billion in 2029.

Wheat fell to 541.48 USd/Bu on July 14, 2025, down 0.65% from the previous day. Over the past month, Wheat's price has risen 0.93%, and is up 1.69% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Wheat - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

In June 2021, the average wholesale price of maize in Tanzania was measured at approximately 43 thousand Tanzanian shillings (TZS) per hundred kilograms, corresponding to 18.4 U.S. dollars per sack. The price slightly declined compared to May 2021, when it was registered at 43.5 thousand TZS (roughly 18.7 U.S. dollars) per hundred kilograms. Overall, the price of food crops, such as maize, rice, and sorghum, decreased in June due to an adequate food supply in the market.

In the 2024/2025 marketing year, the top consumers of wheat globally were China, India, and the European Union. China consumed about 151 million metric tons of wheat that year. Wheat consumption worldwide is slowly increasing, growing by about eight percent since 2018/2019. Wheat production and trade Not only do they consume the most wheat, but China, the EU, and India are also the leading producers of wheat worldwide. Chine led global production, with about 136.6 million metric tons in 2023/24. Despite being a top producer, China also imports a great deal of wheat. In 2022, China imported about 3.8 billion U.S. dollars’ worth of wheat. Egypt has been one of the leading importer of wheat worldwide for the last several years. Wheat price Prices around the world have risen as of 2022. Many believe that the Russian invasion of Ukraine is to blame for the rising wheat prices and others believe it is the speculation of an impending food crisis that is driving up demand. The price of the most common variety of wheat grown in the U.S., hard red winter wheat, reached an all-time high in May 2022, reaching over 522 dollars per metric ton. Globally, the real household income is expected to decline by about 1.57 percent due to the increased cost of wheat and corn. Some countries will experience a decline of over five percent, showing the real impact that growing prices have on consumers across the world.