In 2023, the official reserve assets of the United States held in gold had a value of approximately 543.5 billion U.S. dollars. In 2000, the Federal Reserve had official reserve assets in gold worth about 71.8 billion U.S. dollars.

The euro and U.S. dollar made up more than ***** of 10 SWIFT payments worldwide in 2025, outperforming many other currencies. This is according to a monthly report meant to track the market share of China's yuan renminbi within the international bank transfer system SWIFT. Although China holds the largest forex reserves in the world, the yuan ranked as the ******-used currency in international payments. The figures concern customer-initiated and institutional payments and exclude trade. Discussions on the potential weakening role of the U.S. dollar especially touch world trade and forex. For example, the share of the USD in forex reserves declined visibly against the euro and Japanese yen in 2024. What sparked this de-dollarization trend, and will it continue? Trade sanctions and de-dollarization De-dollarization in 2024 is mentioned mostly alongside trade and the BRICS countries - an informal name given to Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The combined GDP of BRICS is about ** percent of the world's economy. After the start of the Ukraine war and Russia received economic sanctions, the BRICS slowly evolved into a trading bloc. The group increasingly wanted its own currency to settle payments within the trade bloc, to avoid using the U.S. dollar. In August 2024, BRICS will gather in South Africa to discuss the creation of such a new joint currency. Additionally, ** countries - including Argentina, Algeria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Yemen - expressed interest in joining the BRICS group. CBDC, or projects into a digital payment settlement A factor of future uncertainty for the U.S. dollar is how central bank digital currencies (CBDC) develop in emerging countries. Several projects exist between individual countries that specifically target cross-border interbank payments. A cooperation between Thailand and Hong Kong, Inthanon-Lionrock, ranks as the most advanced of these projects. CBDC does not require the U.S. dollar to function. Tangible such as commodities or gold can back them. The value of transactions processed with CBDC is to grow by ******* percent between 2024 and 2030.

The U.S. Treasury-Owned Gold dataset provides the amount of gold that is available across various U.S. Treasury-maintained locations. The data shows whether the gold is held in deep storage or working stock, that is, available to the U.S. Mint as raw material for the creation of congressionally authorized coins. The dataset includes the weight of gold in troy ounces (a measurement unit still used today for precious metals and gunpowder) and the book value in dollars. The book value is not the market value, but instead represents the total number of troy ounces multiplied by a value established by law ($42.222), set in 1973.

United States Reserve Assets: Gold Stock Include Exchange Stabilization Fund data was reported at 11.041 USD bn in Oct 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 11.041 USD bn for Sep 2018. United States Reserve Assets: Gold Stock Include Exchange Stabilization Fund data is updated monthly, averaging 11.083 USD bn from Jan 1947 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 862 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 24.771 USD bn in Aug 1949 and a record low of 9.662 USD bn in Apr 1972. United States Reserve Assets: Gold Stock Include Exchange Stabilization Fund data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.KA007: Reserve Assets.

France Gold Price: Monthly Average: US Dollar data was reported at 1,214.726 USD/oz in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,199.197 USD/oz for Sep 2018. France Gold Price: Monthly Average: US Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 1,239.742 USD/oz from Jul 2014 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 52 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,340.167 USD/oz in Aug 2016 and a record low of 1,068.357 USD/oz in Dec 2015. France Gold Price: Monthly Average: US Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of France. The data is categorized under Global Database’s France – Table FR.P003: Gold Price.

This dataset provides values for TOTAL RESERVES INCLUDES GOLD US DOLLAR WB DATA.133 reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Graph and download economic data for Collateralization of Currency: Holdings Against Federal Reserve Notes: Collateral Held Against Federal Reserve Notes: Gold Certificate Account: Wednesday Level (RESPPNGNWW) from 2002-12-18 to 2025-07-09 about certificate account, collateral, notes, gold, reserves, currency, federal, and USA.

United States Assets: Outs: FED: Gold, SDRs & Official Foreign Exchange data was reported at 93.262 USD bn in Mar 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 90.974 USD bn for Dec 2017. United States Assets: Outs: FED: Gold, SDRs & Official Foreign Exchange data is updated quarterly, averaging 20.388 USD bn from Dec 1951 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 266 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 116.305 USD bn in Sep 2012 and a record low of 0.620 USD bn in Mar 1967. United States Assets: Outs: FED: Gold, SDRs & Official Foreign Exchange data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.AB009: Funds by Sector: Flows and Outstanding: Federal Government.

Gold Reserves in the United States remained unchanged at 8133.46 Tonnes in the first quarter of 2025 from 8133.46 Tonnes in the fourth quarter of 2024. This dataset provides - United States Gold Reserves - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In 2024, one troy ounce of gold had an annual average price of ******** U.S. dollars. Gold pricing determinants Gold is a metal that is considered malleable, ductile, and is known for its bright lustrous yellow color. This transition metal is highly valued as a precious metal for its use in coins, jewelry, and in investments. Gold was also once used as a standard for monetary policies between different countries. The price of gold is determined by daily fixings where participants agree to buy or sell at a set price or to maintain the price through supply and demand control. For gold, companies like Barclays Capital, Scotia-Mocatta, Sociétè Générale, HSBC, and Deutsche Bank are members in gold fixing at the London Bullion Market Association.

United States Assets: Flow: MA: Gold & Foreign Exchange data was reported at -0.023 USD bn in Sep 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of -0.050 USD bn for Jun 2018. United States Assets: Flow: MA: Gold & Foreign Exchange data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.033 USD bn from Dec 1951 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 268 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.015 USD bn in Jun 1989 and a record low of -3.411 USD bn in Sep 1996. United States Assets: Flow: MA: Gold & Foreign Exchange data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.AB011: Funds by Sector: Flows and Outstanding: Monetary Authority.

Gold Bullion Market Outlook 2032

The global gold bullion market size was USD 50 Billion in 2023 and is likely to reach USD 133 Billion by 2032, expanding at a CAGR of 10.6% during 2024–2032. The market growth is attributed to the relative stability of gold investments.



Increasing economic uncertainties and geopolitical tensions are fueling the market. Investors are turning to gold as an asset, due to its inherent value and stability. The growing interest of central banks are leading them to expand their gold reserves. This allows them to diversify their holdings and reduce their dependence on the US dollar.

The growing popularity of gold-backed exchange-traded funds (ETFs) is propelling the market. These investments provide investors with exposure to the price movements of gold without the need to physically store the precious metal. The convenience and ease of investing in gold ETFs are attracting a new generation of investors, spurring the market.

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  According to a January 2024 report published by the World Gold Council, the total value of global gold ETFs rose by 6% to USD 2.4 Billion. This rise was due to a 15% hike in gold prices during 2023.

  
  

Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Gold Bullion Market

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is likely to provide substantial propulsion to the gold bullion market. It is enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of gold trading with algorithms. These algorithms rapidly analyze vast amounts of data to make real-time trading decisions. This leads to increasingly profitable trades and reduces the risk of human error.


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The Zimbabwean Gold USDZiG exchange rate rose to 26.8406 on July 14, 2025, up 0.00% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Zimbabwean Gold Currency Exchange Rate USDZiG has weakened 0.52%, but it's up by 92.32% over the last 12 months. Zimbabwean Gold Currency Exchange Rate USDZiG - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Please refer to: https://data.imf.org/en/news/accessing%20international%20financial%20statistics

Gold Bullion Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global gold bullion market size reached USD 248.5 billion in 2024, and it is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.7% during the forecast period, reaching approximately USD 373.4 billion by 2033. This healthy growth trajectory is primarily attributed to the increasing demand for safe-haven assets amid global economic uncertainties, rising geopolitical tensions, and a persistent appetite for portfolio diversification among both institutional and individual investors. The gold bullion market continues to benefit from its reputation as a reliable store of value, particularly during periods of inflation and currency depreciation, as per our comprehensive market analysis for 2025.

One of the most significant growth factors for the gold bullion market is the heightened volatility and uncertainty in global financial markets. Investors, both retail and institutional, are increasingly turning towards gold bullion as a hedge against inflation, currency fluctuations, and geopolitical risks. The persistent low-interest-rate environment, coupled with concerns over sovereign debt and fiscal imbalances in major economies, has further fueled the demand for physical gold. Central banks, especially in emerging markets, have been augmenting their gold reserves to diversify away from the US dollar and other fiat currencies, providing a strong and sustained impetus to the gold bullion market.

Another key driver propelling the gold bullion market is the growing accessibility and innovation in distribution channels. The proliferation of online platforms and digital gold investment products has democratized access to gold bullion, enabling a broader base of individual investors to participate in the market. This trend is further amplified by the introduction of fractional gold ownership, secure storage solutions, and transparent pricing mechanisms, which have collectively enhanced investor confidence and convenience. Additionally, the rise of gold-backed exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and other financial instruments has expanded the avenues for gold investment, reinforcing the market’s growth momentum.

Sustainability and ethical sourcing concerns are also shaping the gold bullion market landscape. Increasing awareness about responsible mining practices and the environmental and social impact of gold extraction has led to the emergence of certified, conflict-free bullion products. Regulatory initiatives and industry-led standards, such as the London Bullion Market Association (LBMA) Responsible Gold Guidance, are driving transparency and traceability across the supply chain. These developments are not only addressing investor concerns but also attracting a new segment of environmentally and socially conscious buyers, further supporting market expansion.

From a regional perspective, the Asia Pacific region remains the dominant force in the gold bullion market, driven by robust demand in countries like China and India, where gold holds deep cultural and economic significance. North America and Europe also represent substantial market shares, supported by strong institutional investment and central bank activity. Meanwhile, the Middle East & Africa and Latin America are emerging as important markets, buoyed by rising wealth levels, favorable regulatory environments, and increasing financial inclusion. The regional diversity in demand drivers underscores the global appeal and resilience of the gold bullion market.

Product Type Analysis

The gold bullion market is segmented by product type into bars, coins, rounds, and others, each catering to distinct investor preferences and use cases. Gold bars, often regarded as the standard investment vehicle for institutional buyers and high-net-worth individuals, account for the largest share of the market. Their appeal lies in their high purity, lower premiums over spot prices, and ease of storage and transport, making them the preferred choice for those seeking to make substantial investments in physical

This dataset provides values for GOLD RESERVES reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

The price of gold per troy ounce increased considerably between 1990 and 2025, despite some fluctuations. A troy ounce is the international common unit of weight used for precious metals and is approximately **** grams. At the end of 2024, a troy ounce of gold cost ******* U.S. dollars. As of * June 2025, it increased considerably to ******** U.S. dollars. Price of – additional information In 2000, the price of gold was at its lowest since 1990, with a troy ounce of gold costing ***** U.S. dollars in that year. Since then, gold prices have been rising and after the economic crisis of 2008, the price of gold rose at higher rates than ever before as the market began to see gold as an increasingly good investment. History has shown, gold is seen as a good investment in times of uncertainty because it can or is thought to function as a good store of value against a declining currency as well as providing protection against inflation. However, unlike other commodities, once gold is mined it does not get used up like other commodities (for example, such as gasoline). So while gold may be a good investment at times, the supply demand argument does not apply to gold. Nonetheless, the demand for gold has been mostly consistent.

This statistic presents the gold reserves of largest gold holding countries worldwide in 2024. At that time, the central bank of the United States held approximately ******* metric tons of gold. Gold reserves — additional information The United States has the largest gold reserve, with more than ***** metric tons of gold. This was more than twice the gold reserves of Germany and more than three times the gold reserves of Italy and France. China ranked fifth for the amount of gold it has on reserve, but more gold is being mined in China than any other country in the world. Australia, on the other hand, is home to the largest gold mine reserves in addition to being the second-largest producer of gold, after China. While gold no longer serves as an object of exchange and as a confirmation value, gold remains an investment asset for governments, and it could provide a safeguard against inflation or recession. The average price of gold reached a record in 2024, amounting to ******** U.S. dollars for one troy ounce.

South Africa London Gold Price: US Dollar data was reported at 1,198.840 USD in Sep 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,200.610 USD for Aug 2018. South Africa London Gold Price: US Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 381.800 USD from Jan 1970 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 585 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,776.250 USD in Sep 2011 and a record low of 34.940 USD in Jan 1970. South Africa London Gold Price: US Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by South African Reserve Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.P001: Gold Price.

Reserve assets are external assets, including monetary gold, that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). Reserve assets must be denominated and settled in foreign currency. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.