In September 2023, the national debt of the United States had risen up to 33.17 trillion U.S. dollars. The national debt per capita had risen to 85,552 U.S. dollars in 2021. As represented by the statistic above, the public debt of the United States has been continuously rising.

U.S. public debt Public debt, also known as national and governmental debt, is the debt owed by a nations’ central government. In the case of the U.S., national debt is owed by the federal government to Treasury security holders. Generally speaking, government debt increases with government spending, and can be decreased through taxes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. government increased spending significantly to finance virus infrastructure, aid, and various forms of economic relief.

International public debt

Venezuela leads the global ranking of the 20 countries with the highest public debt in 2021. In relation to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Venezuela's public debt amounted to around 306.95 percent of GDP. Eritrea was ranked fifth, with an estimated debt of 170 percent of the Gross Domestic Product.

The national debt of the United Kingdom is forecasted to grow from 87 percent in 2022 to 70 percent in 2027, in relation to the Gross Domestic Product. These figures include England, Wales, Scotland as well as Northern Ireland.

Greece had the highest national debt among EU countries as of the 4th quarter of 2020 in relation to the Gross Domestic Product. Germany ranked 13th in the EU, with its national debt amounting to 69 percent of GDP in the same time period.

Tuvalu was one of the 20 countries with the lowest national debt in 2021 in relation to the GDP, while Macao had an estimated level of national debt of zero percent, the lowest of any country. The data refer to the debts of the entire state, including the central government, the provinces, municipalities, local authorities and social insurance.

Historical chart and dataset showing U.S. debt to gdp ratio by year from 1989 to 2023.

The national debt of Argentina amounted to about 453.88 billion U.S. dollars in 2024. Between 1992 and 2024, the national debt rose by approximately 453.82 billion U.S. dollars, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend. The national debt will steadily rise by around 299.25 billion U.S. dollars over the period from 2024 to 2030, reflecting a clear upward trend.

The ratio of national debt to gross domestic product (GDP) of Argentina amounted to approximately 85.33 percent in 2024. Between 1992 and 2024, the ratio rose by around 60.37 percentage points, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend. The ratio is expected to drop by about 29.66 percentage points between 2024 and 2030, showing a continuous downward movement throughout the period.The general government gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. Here it is depicted in relation to the country's GDP, which refers to the total value of goods and services produced during a year.

In 2025, the ratio of national debt to gross domestic product (GDP) of Argentina lies at approximately 73.09 percent.Fluctuating rise between 1992 and 2025Between 1992 and 2025 a total increase by approximately 48.13 percentage points can be observed. The data emphasizes however that this increase did not happen continuously.Continuous decline between 2025 and 2030In 2030 the ratio will amount to close to 55.67 percent, according to forecasts. Compared to 2025 that is an overall decrease by approximately 17.42 percentage points. This decrease reflects a consistent falling trend.The general government gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. Here it is depicted in relation to the country's GDP, which refers to the total value of goods and services produced during a year.

These time series data offer information on external debt for 129 countries that reported to the World Bank through the Bank's Debtor Reporting System (DRS). Reporting countries are grouped into six geographic regions: (1) Africa, south of the Sahara, (2) East Asia and the Pacific, (3) Latin America and the Caribbean, (4) North Africa and the Middle East, (5) South Asia, and (6) Europe and Central Asia. Data are provided on public and publicly-guaranteed long-term debt as well as on private nonguaranteed debt, short-term debt, International Monetary Fund (IMF) credit, and major economic aggregates. For public and private long-term debt and for short-term debt, variables include debt outstanding, disbursements, principal repayments, and interest payments. In addition, detailed information on debt restructuring transactions is provided for public and publicly-guaranteed long-term debt. Variables include principal rescheduled, interest rescheduled, disbursements from rescheduling, and debt stock reductions. Data on IMF credit include use of credit, purchases, repurchases, and charges. Major economic aggregates include Gross National Product, export of goods and services, import of goods and services, international reserves, and current account balance.

In 2024, the ratio of national debt to gross domestic product (GDP) of Denmark was estimated at approximately 27.99 percent. Between 1992 and 2024, the figure dropped by around 38.76 percentage points, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory. The ratio is forecast to decline by about 2.55 percentage points from 2024 to 2030, fluctuating as it trends downward.The general government gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. Here it is depicted in relation to the country's GDP, which refers to the total value of goods and services produced during a year.

The national debt of Argentina amounted to about ************** U.S. dollars in 2024. Between 1992 and 2024, the national debt rose by approximately ************** U.S. dollars, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend. The national debt will steadily rise by around ************** U.S. dollars over the period from 2024 to 2030, reflecting a clear upward trend.

Kazakhstan external debt for 2023 was 163.15 billion US dollars, a 1.35% increase from 2022.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>Kazakhstan external debt for 2022 was <strong>160.97 billion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>0.23% decline</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>Kazakhstan external debt for 2021 was <strong>161.34 billion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>0.1% decline</strong> from 2020.</li>
<li>Kazakhstan external debt for 2020 was <strong>161.51 billion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>1.4% increase</strong> from 2019.</li>
</ul>Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

The national debt of Argentina stands at approximately 533.61 billion U.S. dollars in 2025.Fluctuating rise between 1992 and 2025A total increase by approximately 533.55 billion U.S. dollars can be seen between 1992 and 2025. This increase however did not happen continuously.Continuous rise between 2025 and 2030In 2030 the national debt will amount to close to 753.13 billion U.S. dollars, according to forecasts. Compared to 2025 that is an overall increase by approximately 219.52 billion U.S. dollars. This growth reflects a steady upward trend.

The national debt of Fiji amounted to about 4.54 billion U.S. dollars in 2024. Between 1992 and 2024, the national debt rose by approximately 4.08 billion U.S. dollars, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend. The national debt will steadily rise by around 1.89 billion U.S. dollars over the period from 2024 to 2030, reflecting a clear upward trend.

Ukraine external debt for 2023 was 176.65 billion US dollars, a 23.25% increase from 2022.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>Ukraine external debt for 2022 was <strong>143.32 billion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>4.68% increase</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>Ukraine external debt for 2021 was <strong>136.91 billion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>2.63% increase</strong> from 2020.</li>
<li>Ukraine external debt for 2020 was <strong>133.41 billion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>6.11% increase</strong> from 2019.</li>
</ul>Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

In 2024, the ratio of national debt to gross domestic product (GDP) of Ethiopia was estimated at approximately 32.30 percent. Between 1992 and 2024, the figure dropped by around 55.64 percentage points, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory. The ratio is forecast to decline by about 2.75 percentage points from 2024 to 2030, fluctuating as it trends downward.The general government gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. Here it is depicted in relation to the country's GDP, which refers to the total value of goods and services produced during a year.

The United States Census Bureau conducts a Census of Governments every five years, in years ending in "2" or "7," to collect information about governments in the United States. The Finance Statistics branch of the 1992 Census of Governments describes the revenues, expenditures, debt, and assets of state and local governments. This data collection includes sixteen datasets, including individual unit data, county area data, and summaries by type-of-government (including several state summaries by individual types of governments). This data was collected for the individual government fiscal years that ended between July 1, 1991 and June 30, 1992.

United States Assets: Outs: FC: Debt Securities: Corporate & Foreign Bonds data was reported at 81.508 USD bn in Mar 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 76.067 USD bn for Dec 2017. United States Assets: Outs: FC: Debt Securities: Corporate & Foreign Bonds data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.000 USD bn from Dec 1951 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 266 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 203.757 USD bn in Sep 2008 and a record low of 0.000 USD bn in Dec 1992. United States Assets: Outs: FC: Debt Securities: Corporate & Foreign Bonds data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.AB032: Funds by Sector: Flows and Outstanding: Funding Corporations.

Key information about Kazakhstan External Debt: Short Term: % of GDP

• Kazakhstan External Debt: Short Term accounted for 7.4 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2023, compared with the ratio of 7.2 % in the previous year.
• Kazakhstan External Debt: Short Term: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from 1992 to 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 15.4 % in 2006 and a record low of 0.0 % in 1992.

CEIC calculates Short Term External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Short Term External Debt and annual Nominal GDP. The National Bank of Kazakhstan provides Short Term External Debt in USD. The Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan provides Nominal GDP in local currency. The National Bank of Kazakhstan average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Short Term External Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 2000 is calculated from Short Term External Debt and Nominal GDP, both sourced from the World Bank.


Related information about Kazakhstan External Debt: Short Term: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of Kazakhstan, Current Account recorded a surplus of 63.7 USD mn in Sep 2024.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) fell by 1.6 USD bn in Sep 2024.
• Kazakhstan Direct Investment Abroad fell by 539.3 USD mn in Sep 2024.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 272.8 USD mn in Sep 2024.
• Kazakhstan External Debt: Short Term value stood at 21.2 USD bn in Dec 2023.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 79.9 USD bn in Dec 2022.

United States Mortgage Debt: Multifamily Res: Federal & Rel Agencies: FHA data was reported at 2.219 USD bn in Jun 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.226 USD bn for Mar 2018. United States Mortgage Debt: Multifamily Res: Federal & Rel Agencies: FHA data is updated quarterly, averaging 2.574 USD bn from Mar 1949 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 278 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.428 USD bn in Dec 1992 and a record low of 7.000 USD mn in Jun 1949. United States Mortgage Debt: Multifamily Res: Federal & Rel Agencies: FHA data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.KB009: Mortgage Debt Outstanding.

The national debt of Ethiopia was estimated at about 65.56 billion U.S. dollars in 2024. Between 1992 and 2024, the national debt rose by approximately 65.11 billion U.S. dollars, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend. The national debt will steadily rise by around 140.89 billion U.S. dollars over the period from 2024 to 2030, reflecting a clear upward trend.

Georgia: External debt, percent of Gross National Income: The latest value from 2022 is 104.07 percent, a decline from 126.31 percent in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 56.76 percent, based on data from 113 countries. Historically, the average for Georgia from 1992 to 2022 is 68.37 percent. The minimum value, 2.14 percent, was reached in 1992 while the maximum of 133 percent was recorded in 2020.

Uzbekistan: External debt, percent of Gross National Income: The latest value from 2022 is 60.4 percent, an increase from 58.38 percent in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 56.76 percent, based on data from 113 countries. Historically, the average for Uzbekistan from 1992 to 2022 is 27.28 percent. The minimum value, 0.46 percent, was reached in 1992 while the maximum of 60.4 percent was recorded in 2022.