Historical price and volatility data for Crash in US Dollar across different time periods.

Historical price and volatility data for US Dollar in Crash across different time periods.

Historical price and volatility data for US Dollar in Crash across different time periods.

In 2018, airline written premiums amounted to over 1.3 billion U.S. dollars, an increase from 1.15 billion U.S. dollars in the previous year. Accidents in the aviation industry According to the severity of a crash, an aircraft incident could result in hull loss or fatal accidents. An aircraft, when damaged during the flight can lead to wreckage beyond economically desirable repair. These types of accidents are considered as hull loss and accounted as a total loss for a firm. When an aircraft incident leads to fatalities, then it is considered as a fatal accident. Most of the fatal accidents also lead to hull loss, yet most of the hull losses do not result in fatalities. Striving to enhance efficiency and safety, aviation firms reduced aircraft hull losses down to 0.21 hull loss per one million flights in 2019. Loss of control was the most likely reason for a fatal aircraft accident. Airline insurance Although quite rare, the cost of an aircraft incident could reach over half a billion U.S. dollars. Airlines purchase insurance packages to cover potential losses, ranging from service mistakes to hull loss. Insurance coverage reduces the risks of an airline's operations. Yet insurance for airline operations is considerably costly, inducing some air transportation companies not to acquire insurance coverage. Total airline insurance by air carriers demonstrated a declining trend, indicating a lower level of insured airline operations to cover hull loss, liabilities or other activities. In 2018, the airline insurance cost for commercial aviation was over 2.9 billion U.S. dollars. On the other hand, if an unexpected event occurs, airlines open a claim to receive an insured amount with respect to the losses incurred. Between 2016 and 2020, collision or crash incidents accounted for over half of all aviation insurance claims by value, which was equivalent to nine billion U.S. dollars. During the same period, travel issues including luggage or delay composed 13 percent of the total number of aviation insurance claims globally.

Historical price and volatility data for US Dollar in Solana Crash across different time periods.

On October 29, 1929, the U.S. experienced the most devastating stock market crash in it's history. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 set in motion the Great Depression, which lasted for twelve years and affected virtually all industrialized countries. In the United States, GDP fell to it's lowest recorded level of just 57 billion U.S dollars in 1933, before rising again shortly before the Second World War. After the war, GDP fluctuated, but it increased gradually until the Great Recession in 2008. Real GDP Real GDP allows us to compare GDP over time, by adjusting all figures for inflation. In this case, all numbers have been adjusted to the value of the US dollar in FY2012. While GDP rose every year between 1946 and 2008, when this is adjusted for inflation it can see that the real GDP dropped at least once in every decade except the 1960s and 2010s. The Great Recession Apart from the Great Depression, and immediately after WWII, there have been two times where both GDP and real GDP dropped together. The first was during the Great Recession, which lasted from December 2007 until June 2009 in the US, although its impact was felt for years after this. After the collapse of the financial sector in the US, the government famously bailed out some of the country's largest banking and lending institutions. Since recovery began in late 2009, US GDP has grown year-on-year, and reached 21.4 trillion dollars in 2019. The coronavirus pandemic and the associated lockdowns then saw GDP fall again, for the first time in a decade. As economic recovery from the pandemic has been compounded by supply chain issues, inflation, and rising global geopolitical instability, it remains to be seen what the future holds for the U.S. economy.

Historical price and volatility data for US Dollar in Solana Crash across different time periods.

Historical price and volatility data for Crash in US Dollar across different time periods.

In 2023, the United States registered 995 rail fatalities and around 6,700 non-fatal injuries on the railroads. Injury and fatality numbers had fallen during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, but 2022 saw a resurgence of accidents above pre-pandemic levels. Positive Train Control (PTC) Ever since the enactment of the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (RSIA), the U.S. rail industry has been working on implementing the Positive Train Control (PTC) technology on over 60,000 miles of the rail network. The original deadline of December 31, 2015 was extended to 2018 after several railroads have stated they are unable to meet the deadline due to technical and legal complications. At the end of 2020, PTC had been implemented on railway routes that were required to do so. The Positive Train Control consists of a bundle of state-of-the-art technologies is meant to avoid accidents caused by human error, track or equipment malfunction, faulty movement of trains through a grade crossing, breaches on railroad tracks and other types of train operator errors. More precisely, PTC aims to prevent train-on-train collisions, deflections caused by excessive speed or other derailments on tracks where maintenance operations are underway. The technology uses a number of factors like weight and length of the train, track composition, train speed and train authorization in order to calculate the adequate stopping distance for a train. The PTC system includes an onboard locomotive system that monitors the position and speed of the train and triggers braking in case of speeding or unapproved train movement; a wayside system to check track signals, switches and track circuits for movement authorization; and a back office server that stores all relevant rail traffic information. Until 2015, 6.4 billion U.S. dollars have been spent for the PTC deployment on over more than 2,300 of track miles and more than 4,500 locomotives. By 2020, the total costs had risen to more than 10 billion U.S. dollars.

Historical price and volatility data for Solana Crash in US Dollar across different time periods.

Historical price and volatility data for US Dollar in Crash across different time periods.

Historical price and volatility data for US Dollar in Crash across different time periods.

The statistic shows the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Japan from 1987 to 2023, with projections up until 2029. In 2023, the estimated gross domestic product per capita in Japan was around 33,898.99 U.S. dollars. For further information, see Japan's GDP. Japan's economy Japan is the world’s second largest developed economy and a member of the Group of Eight, also known as G8, which is comprised of the eight leading industrialized countries. Due to a weak financial sector, overregulation and a lack of demand, Japan suffered substantially from the early 1990s until 2000, a time referred to as ‘’The Lost Decade’’. Japan’s economy is still slowly recovering from the country’s asset price bubble collapse; however it continues to struggle to retain economic milestones achieved in the 1980s. Japan’s response to the crash was to stimulate the economy, which in turn resulted in extensive amounts of debt that further increased into the 21st century, most notably after the 2008 financial crisis. Despite maintaining a surprisingly low unemployment rate, demand within the country remains inadequate, primarily because Japanese residents spend a rather small fraction of the money they earned from the workplace. Lower demand often has a direct effect on production, with companies seeing not enough profits to continue production at such a high rate. Based on the consumer confidence index, Japanese households found that their quality of life, income growth, employment and propensity to durable goods was below satisfactory standards, perhaps due to these households still experiencing the effects of the 1990s bubble crash.

Historical price and volatility data for US Dollar in Solana Crash across different time periods.

The arrest of FTX founder and former CEO Sam Bankman-Fried in the Bahamas in December 2022 - over charges of conspiracy and defrauding investors - made headlines worldwide. Less than a year before that, and before the crypto market suffered a two trillion-dollar crash, Bankman-Fried was the second richest crypto billionaire on the planet, with a fortune of 24 billion U.S. dollars.

Binance: clinging to top, bouncing between legal issues and coin drops
Binance founder and CEO Changpeng Zhao was the richest crypto boss before and after the market crash - and was also the one who suffered the highest losses. The world's leading crypto exchange by trading volume, Binance is reportedly being investigated by the U.S. Department of Justice over alleged money laundering violations. In December 2022, Binance temporarily halted withdrawals of Stablecoin USDC - a digital stablecoin pegged to the U.S. dollar. This came after the crypto exchange witnessed a flurry of withdrawals amounting to a total of 1.9 billion dollars in 24 hours, and as it tried to reassure investors about the security of their holdings.

The crypto crash: a domino effect fueled by global uncertainty
Digital currencies lost two trillion dollars in value following their peak of three billion in November 2021, due to a combination of growing interest rates and inflation which drove investors to pull back from deemed risky assets. Bitcoin saw its value fall by more than half since its late 2021 peak, which in turn caused the whole crypto market to collapse. The subsequent downfall of FTX also contributed to wreaking havoc on the market.

Historical price and volatility data for US Dollar in Crash across different time periods.

Historical price and volatility data for Solana Crash in US Dollar across different time periods.

Historical price and volatility data for US Dollar in Crash across different time periods.

On March 27, 1977, two Boeing 747 planes, operated by Pan Am and by KLM, respectively, collided at the Tenerife North Airport. This became the deadliest airplane accident, with 583 fatalities. The crash of the plane operated by JAL, which happened in 1985, ranked second, with 520 fatalities. In January 2023, the aviation industry suffered a tragic incident in Nepal, where at least 68 people lost their lives.

Air transportation safety

Air travel is known for being a safe way to travel. In the past decades, air transportation safety has become a major priority, with the number of fatalities from commercial air travel accidents generally decreasing. However, safety means not only avoiding crashes, injuries, and fatalities but also scanning passengers and their baggage before boarding for security purposes. To ease and speed up this process, an array of new technologies have received funding, such as automated biometric identification systems.

Passenger airlines

Passenger airlines are airlines dedicated to the transport of human passengers either for leisure or business purposes. After a dramatic reduction in passenger aviation traffic due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the commercial airline market started growing again, with expected revenue of around 380 billion U.S. dollars in 2022. Among the largest airlines worldwide are Delta Air Line, American Airlines and United,, as well as the United Arab Emirates carrier Emirates. In 2022, Delta Air had the highest brand value of the leading airlines, standing at over seven billion U.S. dollars.

Binance founder and CEO Changpeng Zhao (commonly known as CZ) was the crypto billionaire who lost the most money following the crypto crisis of 2022, with a net worth drop amounting to 82 billion U.S. dollars. Zhao was followed by FTX founder and CEO Sam Bankman-Fried, who lost a reported 23 billion dollars in only three weeks prior to his arrest over conspiracy and fraud charges in late 2022.

Despite his losses, Zhao was still the wealthiest individual in the crypto world as of December 2022. The same five crypto chiefs who lost the most money in 2022 ranked as the five richest people in crypto before the market's crash.

Treasure in tatters: FTX founder arrested over fraud
Bankman-Fried was arrested in the Bahamas on December 12, 2022, over wire fraud, securities fraud, money laundering, and conspiracy to defraud the U.S. Once the fourth largest crypto exchange in the world, FTX filed for bankruptcy following a liquidity crisis in November 2022. This happened after it tried to sell a considerable chunk of its operating business to rival Binance, only for the latter to walk away from the deal - stating that it was beyond its ability to help FTX solve its issues.

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has accused Bankman-Fried of setting up a scheme to defraud investors amid reports of the former FTX chief diverting customer funds to his Alameda Research hedge fund. Bankman-Fried has denied any wrongdoing, including allegations of him being aware of Alameda Research using FTX customer funds.