Graph and download economic data for Dates of U.S. recessions as inferred by GDP-based recession indicator (JHDUSRGDPBR) from Q4 1967 to Q1 2025 about recession indicators, GDP, and USA.

The DXY exchange rate rose to 99.4202 on December 2, 2025, up 0.01% from the previous session. Over the past month, the United States Dollar has weakened 0.45%, and is down by 6.53% over the last 12 months. United States Dollar - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

Formaat: MP4-fileOmvang: 255,8 MbGeen informatie over auteursrecht beschikbaar.Online beschikbaar: [06-01-2015]Title: The Financial Crisis: Implications for Washington, Wall Street and Main StreetUploaded on Oct 12, 2010Samenvatting:As the crisis in the U.S. financial markets worsened and the credit markets tightened, all eyes were on the Bush administration`s $700 billion bailout plan passed by the U.S. Senate on Oct. 1. Shortly before the Senate voted, a panel of Cornell experts met in Goldwin Smith Hall to discuss the circumstances that led to the collapse and potential courses of action.(Oct 1, 2008 at Cornell University)NB: Datering op YouTube website klopt niet Panelists:- Robert C. Andolina, visiting Senior Lecturer of Finance and former Managing Director at Lehman Brothers- David Easley, Henry Scarborough Professor of Social Sciences- Elizabeth Sanders, Professor of GovernmentThe event was organized by the Cornell International Affairs Review.Standard YouTube License.

Here is a concise and professional Zenodo dataset description based on your paper, suitable for use as the metadata summary:

Title:
Uncertainty Is Not What It Used to Be: EPU and the Collapse of Classical Risk Logic

Description:
This dataset accompanies the study "Regime-Contingent Uncertainty Pricing: Strategic Risk, Liquidity, and Political Shocks," which develops a theory of regime-dependent pricing of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) in U.S. equity markets. Using monthly data from 2009 to 2025, the analysis identifies nonlinear shifts in the EPU-return relationship during two major political-economic shocks: the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2025 U.S.–China Trade War. The study demonstrates that EPU effects on asset prices are not time-invariant but depend on macro-regime context, investor behavior, and liquidity conditions.

The repository includes:

• Monthly return data for SPDR S&P 500 ETF (SPY)

• U.S. Economic Policy Uncertainty Index (EPU) data

• Python scripts for data processing, OLS estimation, and Markov-switching modeling

• Figures and tables illustrating regime dynamics

• A complete README with replication instructions

Key Contributions:

• Demonstrates that financial market responses to EPU invert during structural crises (e.g., COVID-19) and revert during politically driven uncertainty (e.g., Trade War)

• Advances dynamic capabilities and institutional theory by modeling uncertainty sensitivity as regime-contingent

• Introduces the concept of "reactivated uncertainty sensitivity," emphasizing the return of classical risk pricing under renewed political stress

Keywords:
Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU), regime switching, COVID-19, U.S.–China Trade War, Markov switching model, strategic foresight, uncertainty pricing, institutional theory

License:
CC BY 4.0 – Openly available for reuse and replication

The site suitability criteria included in the techno-economic land use screens are listed below. As this list is an update to previous cycles, tribal lands, prime farmland, and flood zones are not included as they are not technically infeasible for development. The techno-economic site suitability exclusion thresholds are presented in table 1. Distances indicate the minimum distance from each feature for commercial scale wind development

Attributes:

• Steeply sloped areas: change in vertical elevation compared to horizontal distance
• Population density: the number of people living in a 1 km2 area
• Urban areas: defined by the U.S. Census.
• Water bodies: defined by the U.S. National Atlas Water Feature Areas, available from Argonne National Lab Energy Zone Mapping Tool
• Railways: a comprehensive database of North America's railway system from the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), available from Argonne National Lab Energy Zone Mapping Tool
• Major highways: available from ESRI Living Atlas
• Airports: The Airports dataset including other aviation facilities as of July 13, 2018 is part of the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)/Bureau of Transportation Statistics's (BTS's) National Transportation Atlas Database (NTAD). The Airports database is a geographic point database of aircraft landing facilities in the United States and U.S. Territories. Attribute data is provided on the physical and operational characteristics of the landing facility, current usage including enplanements and aircraft operations, congestion levels and usage categories. This geospatial data is derived from the FAA's National Airspace System Resource Aeronautical Data Product. Available from Argonne National Lab Energy Zone Mapping Tool
• Active mines: Active Mines and Mineral Processing Plants in the United States in 2003
• Military Lands: Land owned by the federal government that is part of a US military base, camp, post, station, yard, center, or installation.

Variable Recurring Payments for SMBs Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Variable Recurring Payments for SMBs market size was valued at $2.1 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $8.7 billion by 2033, expanding at a robust CAGR of 16.8% during the forecast period of 2025 to 2033. The primary growth driver for this market is the digital transformation sweeping across small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs), which increasingly require flexible, automated payment solutions to streamline operations and enhance customer experience. As SMBs embrace digitalization, the demand for variable recurring payments—which allow for dynamic, usage-based billing and seamless payment collection—has surged, enabling businesses to offer more personalized services and improve cash flow management.

Regional Outlook

North America currently dominates the Variable Recurring Payments for SMBs market, accounting for the largest share, with an estimated market value exceeding $900 million in 2024. This region’s leadership is underpinned by a mature financial technology ecosystem, widespread adoption of digital payment infrastructures, and favorable regulatory frameworks that encourage innovation. The United States, in particular, boasts a high concentration of SMBs with advanced digital capabilities, driving demand for sophisticated payment solutions. Moreover, the presence of leading fintech companies and continuous investment in payment automation technologies further reinforce North America’s dominant position in the global market.

The Asia Pacific region is projected to be the fastest-growing market for variable recurring payments for SMBs, with a forecasted CAGR of over 20% from 2025 to 2033. Rapid economic development, burgeoning e-commerce sectors, and widespread smartphone penetration are fueling the adoption of digital payment solutions across countries like China, India, and Southeast Asian nations. Government initiatives aimed at promoting cashless transactions and financial inclusion, coupled with increased venture capital investment in fintech startups, are accelerating market growth. The region’s dynamic business environment and growing SMB sector create fertile ground for innovative payment solutions tailored to local needs.

Emerging economies in Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa are witnessing steady adoption of variable recurring payments, though growth is tempered by infrastructural constraints and regulatory complexities. In these regions, SMBs often face challenges such as limited access to advanced banking services, fragmented payment ecosystems, and varying levels of digital literacy. However, localized demand for flexible payment solutions is rising, particularly in urban centers and among tech-savvy entrepreneurs. Policy reforms aimed at modernizing financial systems and increasing digital penetration are gradually reducing barriers, presenting new opportunities for market entrants and established players alike.

Report Scope

The statistic shows GDP in India from 1987 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. In 2024, GDP in India was at around 3.91 trillion U.S. dollars, and it is expected to reach six trillion by the end of the decade. See figures on India's economic growth here, and the Russian GDP for comparison. Historical development of the Indian economy In the 1950s and 1960s, the decision of the newly independent Indian government to adopt a mixed economy, adopting both elements of both capitalist and socialist systems, resulted in huge inefficiencies borne out of the culture of interventionism that was a direct result of the lackluster implementation of policy and failings within the system itself. The desire to move towards a Soviet style mass planning system failed to gain much momentum in the Indian case due to a number of hindrances, an unskilled workforce being one of many.When the government of the early 90’s saw the creation of small-scale industry in large numbers due to the removal of price controls, the economy started to bounce back, but with the collapse of the Soviet Union - India’s main trading partner - the hampering effects of socialist policy on the economy were exposed and it underwent a large-scale liberalization. By the turn of the 21st century, India was rapidly progressing towards a free-market economy. India’s development has continued and it now belongs to the BRICS group of fast developing economic powers, and the incumbent Modi administration has seen India's GDP double during its first decade in power.