This dataset contains estimates of proportional area of 18 major crops for each county in the United States at roughly decadal time steps between 1840 and 2017, and was used for analyses of historical changes in crop area, diversity, and distribution published in:Crossley, MS, KD Burke, SD Schoville, VC Radeloff. (2020). Recent collapse of crop belts and declining diversity of US agriculture since 1840. Global Change Biology (in press).The original data used to curate this dataset was derived by Haines et al. (ICPSR 35206) from USDA Agricultural Census archives (https://www.nass.usda.gov/AgCensus/). This dataset builds upon previous work in that crop values are georeferenced and rectified to match 2012 county boundaries, and several inconsistencies in the tabular-formatted data have been smoothed-over. In particular, smoothing included conversion of values of production (e.g. bushels, lbs, typical of 1840-1880 censuses) into values of area (using USDA NASS yield data), imputation of missing values for certain crop x county x year combinations, and correcting values for counties whose crop totals exceeded the possible land area.Please contact the PI, Mike Crossley, with any questions or requests: mcrossley3@gmail.com

Graph and download economic data for Farm output: Cash receipts from farm marketings: Crops (B1005C1A027NBEA) from 1929 to 2023 about crop, cash, receipts, output, agriculture, GDP, and USA.

We present a dataset for an agricultural production typology for counties across the contiguous United States, derived from a cluster analysis of the most recently available (2012) county-level crop data from the United States Department of Agriculture's 2012 Agricultural Census. This dataset has been submitted as a Data Note to BMC Research Notes.

United States - Farm output: Change in farm finished goods inventories: Crops was -1.51200 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Farm output: Change in farm finished goods inventories: Crops reached a record high of 12.65600 in January of 2013 and a record low of -18.81300 in January of 2012. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Farm output: Change in farm finished goods inventories: Crops - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on September of 2025.

The hay and miscellaneous crops industry has experienced significant price volatility, with a surge in crop prices from 2020 to 2022 followed by a sharp decline in 2023. This volatility, driven by supply chain disruptions, global demand fluctuations and improved yields, has impacted revenue streams significantly. The agricultural price index increased dramatically, but the 9.8% decline in 2023, coupled with softened international demand, particularly from China, has pressured revenues. Industry revenue, shrinking at a CAGR of 0.2% since 2020, has reached an estimated $41.4 billion after a 0.9% drop in 2025. Meanwhile, the hay market remains strong due to record beef prices, despite reduced cattle herds, and sugar markets grapple with declining demand as consumers shift away from high fructose corn syrup. Input costs have remained stubbornly high, presenting a challenge for farmer profit. Although fertilizer prices have moderated from their 2022 peaks, they still exceed pre-2021 levels, contributing to ongoing elevated seed and energy costs. In 2025, seed costs are projected to rise, adding to the financial strain on producers. These persistent input costs, coupled with struggling crop prices, have tightened profit, forcing farmers to manage costs more efficiently. Many have resorted to risk management strategies and precision agriculture technologies to maintain competitiveness in an increasingly price-sensitive market. Looking forward, the agricultural price index is projected to decline an additional 9.0% through 2030, exacerbating revenue challenges. Industry revenue is forecast to decrease at a CAGR of 0.4% over the outlook period, reaching $40.5 billion by 2030. Climate change adds another layer of complexity, introducing yield variability and increased production costs. Despite these pressures, the livestock industry offers a brighter spot with anticipated herd rebuilding, which could drive future hay demand. However, ongoing global market pressures and climate-related challenges will necessitate strategic adjustments for sustained resilience and profitability in the agricultural sector.

The annual Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) is USDA's primary source of information on the financial condition, production practices, and resource use of America's farm businesses and the economic well-being of America's farm households. ARMS data are essential to USDA, congressional, administration, and industry decision makers when weighing alternative policies and programs that touch the farm sector or affect farm families. The ERS content and data APIs (including our pre-made widgets for embedding charts) are currently out of service while we redesign our site. Check back here for updates--we'll keep you informed as to the progress. Contact us at webadmin@ers.usda.gov with questions.

United States US: Production Index: 2014-2016: Crop data was reported at 92.960 2014-2016=100 in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 101.000 2014-2016=100 for 2021. United States US: Production Index: 2014-2016: Crop data is updated yearly, averaging 67.750 2014-2016=100 from Dec 1961 (Median) to 2022, with 62 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 106.710 2014-2016=100 in 2016 and a record low of 36.930 2014-2016=100 in 1961. United States US: Production Index: 2014-2016: Crop data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Agricultural Production Index. Crop production index shows agricultural production for each year relative to the base period 2014-2016. It includes all crops except fodder crops. Regional and income group aggregates for the FAO's production indexes are calculated from the underlying values in international dollars, normalized to the base period 2014-2016.;Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic files and web site.;Weighted average;

Quick Stats API is the programmatic interface to the National Agricultural Statistics Service's (NASS) online database containing results from the 1997, 2002, 2007, and 2012 Censuses of Agriculture as well as the best source of NASS survey published estimates. The census collects data on all commodities produced on U.S. farms and ranches, as well as detailed information on expenses, income, and operator characteristics. The surveys that NASS conducts collect information on virtually every facet of U.S. agricultural production.

Graph and download economic data for Real farm output: Cash receipts from farm marketings: Crops (chain-type quantity index) (B1005A3A086NBEA) from 1929 to 2023 about crop, cash, quantity index, receipts, output, chained, agriculture, real, GDP, and USA.

Drone-based Agricultural Dataset for Crop Yield Estimation

This repository contains a comprehensive dataset of cashew, cocoa and coffee images captured by drones, accompanied by meticulously annotated labels. To facilitate object detection, each image is paired with a corresponding text file in YOLO format. The YOLO format file contains annotations, including class labels and bounding box coordinates. The dataset was collected by teams from Ghana (KaraAgro AI) and Uganda (Makerere… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/KaraAgroAI/Drone-based-Agricultural-Dataset-for-Crop-Yield-Estimation.

United States Crop Production: Hay: Yield Per Acre data was reported at 2.440 Ton in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.520 Ton for 2016. United States Crop Production: Hay: Yield Per Acre data is updated yearly, averaging 2.390 Ton from Dec 1963 (Median) to 2017, with 55 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.590 Ton in 1995 and a record low of 1.710 Ton in 1964. United States Crop Production: Hay: Yield Per Acre data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Agricultural Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.B068: Agriculture Crop Production.

The US crop services industry is currently navigating a period of growth in response to several key market dynamics, particularly within the agricultural sector. The rising demand for organic crops, driven by consumers seeking sustainable, chemical-free food options, is increasing revenue for service providers offering specialized support for organic farming practices. Meanwhile, in the broader crop market, there are mixed impacts. Wheat prices have seen an upward trend due to reduced yields in the EU and export restrictions from Russia, prompting wheat growers to increase investment in soil preparation and crop spraying services, thereby boosting demand. Conversely, the crop markets for corn and soybeans have faced pressure from increased production in Brazil, pressuring prices and encouraging growers to save on costs, tempering otherwise solid service revenue growth. Overall, industry revenue has increased at a CAGR of 0.1% in the current period, reaching $36.0 billion after a drop of 2.1% in 2025. Labor costs significantly influence the crop services industry, as agricultural wages have outpaced those in non-farm sectors due to a shortage of skilled workers. This increase in labor expenses, compounded by restrictive immigration policies, poses a challenge to maintaining profitability. Although revenue has risen, profit has declined as many service providers find it difficult to transfer rising wages and high purchase costs to their clients, who are themselves contending with reduced crop receipts. The pressure of keeping service prices competitive amid rising operational costs is forcing providers to implement cost-control measures such as mechanization and worker training programs to sustain profitability and continue delivering essential services to the agricultural sector. Looking ahead, the crop services industry is bracing for a period of revenue declines amid challenges in sustaining profit. With record-level crop yields forecasted through 2025, there will be increased opportunities for agricultural services to enhance harvesting efficiency and optimize yields. However, these production gains will also push crop prices downwards due to heightened global stock levels, greatly constraining farmers' spending on industry services and leading to declining revenues. Beyond 2025, planted acreage is expected to taper off, though crop prices will remain low as well, depressed by increasing international competition. Additionally, climate change and sustainability initiatives are expected to play critical roles in providing new sources of demand for adaptive and resilient farming solutions. Service providers focusing on innovation and aligning with these emerging needs—particularly within sustainable practices—can position themselves as essential partners and better weather the negative effects that dropping crop prices will have. Industry revenue is estimated to decrease at a CAGR of 1.6% to reach $33.3 billion in 2030.

Over the past century, agricultural land use in the United States has seen drastic shifts to support increasing demand for food and commodities; in many regions, this has resulted in highly simplified agricultural landscapes. Surmounting evidence exhibits the negative impacts of this simplification on the long-term provisioning of necessary ecosystem services to and from agriculture. However, transitions toward alternative systems often occur at a small scale, rather than at a systemic level. Within the National Research Council's (NRC) sustainable agricultural systems framework, we utilize national open-source datasets spanning several decades to broadly assess past and current agricultural landscapes across the U.S. We integrate and analyze agricultural land use and land cover data with policy data to address two main objectives: (1) Document and visualize changes over recent decades in cropland conversion, agricultural productivity, and crop composition across the U.S.; and (2) identify broad policy changes of the U.S. Farm Bills from 1933 to 2018 associated with these land use trends. We show that U.S. agriculture has gradually trended toward an intensely regulated and specialized system. Crop production is heavily concentrated in certain areas, larger farms are getting larger, while the number of smaller operations is decreasing, and crop diversity is declining. Meanwhile, federal agricultural policy is increasing in scope and influence. Through these data-driven insights, we argue that incremental and transformative pathways of change are needed to support alternative production practices, incentivize diversified landscapes, and promote innovation toward more sustainable agricultural systems across multiple scales.

State fact sheets provide information on population, income, education, employment, federal funds, organic agriculture, farm characteristics, farm financial indicators, top commodities, and exports, for each State in the United States. Links to county-level data are included when available.This record was taken from the USDA Enterprise Data Inventory that feeds into the https://data.gov catalog. Data for this record includes the following resources: Query tool For complete information, please visit https://data.gov.

[ Note: This dataset supersedes Version 1, https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1520662 ] In February 2020, USDA launched the Agriculture Innovation Agenda (AIA), representing a Department-wide effort to align USDA's resources, programs, and research to provide farmers with the tools they need to position American agriculture as a global leader meeting future food, fiber, fuel, and feed demands. As part of the AIA, USDA set ambitious goals to increase agricultural production by 40 percent, while cutting the environmental footprint of U.S. agriculture in half by 2050. The Agriculture Innovation Agenda (AIA) is USDA's commitment to the continued success of American farmers, ranchers, producers, and foresters in the face of future challenges. The AIA is comprised of four main parts. The first is focused on developing a U.S. Agriculture Innovation Strategy that aligns public- and private-sector research. The second integrates innovative technologies and practices into USDA programs to help fast track producer adoption. The metrics component aims to review USDA productivity and conservation data. Finally, the USDA scorecard has benchmarks to improve accountability. As part of the research component, in 2020, USDA collected unstructured text feedback through a Request for Information (RFI) on the most important innovation opportunities for the next era of agriculture to be addressed in the near and long term. RFI responses were qualitatively analyzed to identify emergent themes and common aspirational goal statements that stakeholders shared across multiple RFI responses. USDA collected 223 responses through the RFI. Responses were grouped into several focus areas including commodity crops, specialty crops, livestock, aquaculture, forestry, and farming, general. This dataset supports a dashboard that represents the synthesized data collected through the RFI and stakeholder engagements. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: Discovery Goals spreadsheet with text tables for use with AIS dashboard, Version 2. File Name: Discovery goal tables_FinalApproved_12.28.20_v2.xlsxResource Description: Text summaries are organized into tabs that support filters by theme (e.g. crop production, forestry, beef and range, dairy, and data) and within theme into Innovation clusters (genome design, digital/automation, prescriptive intervention, systems based farm management) and innovation horizon (Incremental solutions to accelerate, transformative solutions to create, Next era concepts, and gaps & barriers (including policies or supporting technologies needed)). For each combination of innovation cluster and innovation horizon for a theme there is a text summary of the stakeholder feedback, drawn from raw responses. Only minor punctuation and grammatical changes from Version 1.Resource Software Recommended: Microsoft Excel,url: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/excel

This map shows where crops exist in the US. It also shows the quantity of farm workers along with their annual income. This is shown by metro and nonmetro areas.The layers within this map can be found in ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World:USA Cropland (requires an ArcGIS Online subscription) National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Employment and WagesBureau of Labor Statistics' (BLS) Occupation Employment Statistics (OES) seriesThe basemap was designed from the Light Gray Canvas basemap. Minor changes were made using the Vector Style Editor within Map Viewer.

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Crop Production Software Market Size 2024-2028

The crop production software market size is forecast to increase by USD 2.22 billion at a CAGR of 17.59% between 2023 and 2028.

The agricultural market is experiencing substantial growth due to several notable trends and challenges. One notable trend is the increasing use of precision farming, which employs advanced technologies to optimize crop yields and reduce waste. Another significant development is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into crop production software. This innovation enables predictive analytics and the automation of farming processes, leading to improved efficiency and productivity. However, the substantial upfront capital investments required by farmers pose a significant barrier to market expansion. Despite this obstacle, the potential benefits of these technologies are compelling, making the agricultural sector an intriguing and dynamic area to monitor.

What will the size of the market be during the forecast period?

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The agribusiness sector is witnessing significant advancements in crop production, driven by the global population's increasing demand for food and the challenges of urbanization, climate change, and the depletion of arable land. Sustainable agriculture solutions, such as precision farming, real-time data collection and analysis, predictive modeling, monitoring, and control, are becoming essential for optimizing food production.



Companies are pioneering the use of Satellite IoT (SatIoT) and sensors, actuators, and devices to create greenhouses and monitor microclimates. Government investments in satellite imaging, in-field sensors, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are also playing a crucial role in developing regions. The integration of drones and Internet of Things (IoT) devices into crop production software is revolutionizing planting schedules and enhancing overall productivity in the agricultural sector.

How is this market segmented and which is the largest segment?

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Deployment

  On-premises
  Cloud


Type

  Small
  Medium
  Large


Geography

  North America

    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK


  APAC

    China


  South America



  Middle East and Africa

By Deployment Insights

The on-premises segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Agribusinesses, farmers, ranchers, and growers worldwide are increasingly adopting crop production software to optimize food production in the face of global population growth, urbanization, climate change, and the need for sustainable agriculture. On-premises deployment of these solutions requires farmers to invest in hardware (servers, network equipment, security devices) and software, making it a significant upfront cost. However, the benefits include enhanced data security, real-time data collection and analysis, predictive modeling, monitoring, and control. Smart greenhouses utilize sensors, actuators, and devices to optimize microclimates, while Satellite IoT (SatIoT) and drones provide valuable data for precision farming.

Furthermore, in-field sensors, satellite imaging, and artificial intelligence enable advanced analytics and automation capabilities. Government investments in agriculture technology and cloud services facilitate the integration of mobile applications and data analysis tools. Despite the advantages, the high deployment costs may limit the adoption of on-premises crop production software, particularly in developing regions. However, the potential for increased efficiency, productivity, and profitability makes it an attractive option for agribusinesses and farmers alike.

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The on-premises segment was valued at USD 465.49 million in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

North America is estimated to contribute 43% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.

Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

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The market is experiencing significant growth due to the integration of advanced technologies in agriculture. High-speed imagery services are becoming increasingly crucial for farmers to monitor crop quality and resource use, leading to improved precision in agriculture. This, in turn, helps in reducing input costs and enhancing food security. Sustainability is a key focus area, with weather conditions, t

The organic crop farming industry has experienced significant challenges in recent years despite broader growth in the agricultural sector. Strong crop prices have helped farmers in the US expand their revenue, but this inflation has not been entirely positive for premium-priced organic foods. Because organic crops are seen as luxury expenses, as prices for produce rise, more people have substituted them out for cheaper, non-organic options. This substitution means that organic crop farmers were not able to take full advantage of the high crop prices of previous years, and as they have begun to deflate, revenue has sunk. Declines in healthy eating and fruit and vegetable consumption have hurt demand for organic crops as well. Industry revenue has declined at a CAGR of 1.4% and is expected to reach $6.5 billion in 2024 as revenue drops an estimated 12%. Organic crop farmers have struggled with declining profitability due to volatile input costs, currency fluctuations and rising interest rates. Spiking input costs in recent years, particularly crude oil, have increased production expenses. While this can benefit revenue when farmers can pass costs onto consumers, the sharp ups and downs of energy, fertilizer and seed prices have made it difficult to quickly do so, and profit has suffered as a result. Furthermore, a stronger US dollar has made organic exports more expensive, reducing international demand and pushing farmers to rely on the domestic market. High interest rates add to the challenges by limiting farmers' access to capital needed for growth and efficiency. The organic farming industry's outlook is mixed for the next five years. Falling agricultural prices will have a strong negative impact on crop revenue, which, when combined with further drops in vegetable consumption and healthy eating habits, poses a big threat to organic crop farming revenue. Nonetheless, as consumer spending power increases and inflation decreases, organic options are set to regain favor, providing a buffer against major revenue declines. Furthermore, the growing emphasis on the environment is influencing consumer choices, with more customers choosing to pay higher prices for organic goods that are produced with sustainable practices. Revenue is forecast to decrease at a CAGR of 0.5% to reach $6.3 billion in 2029.

The US agricultural industry has been shaped by fluctuations in crop prices, production levels and yields. While prices for core US crops such as corn and wheat remain above historical averages, they have moderated from the peaks seen in 2021-2022. This moderation has clashed with high production costs, particularly for inputs like seeds and fertilizers, which have not decreased in line with prices and revenues. Purchase costs also stand to worsen as tariffs imposed by the US have the potential to drive up prices for imported agricultural inputs. As a result, farmers are encountering tighter profit, even as industry revenue has grown overall. Despite the pressures from input costs, technological advancements such as precision agriculture are helping to offset some challenges by improving efficiency and production. Overall, revenue has grown at a CAGR of 2.7% to reach an estimated $586.5 billion after a decrease of 2.6% in 2025. In tandem with these price and production shifts, consumer preferences are exerting significant influence over the agricultural landscape. The demand for sustainable and ethically produced livestock products is rising, prompting producers to adapt their practices to meet changing consumer expectations. This shift comes amid severe drought conditions forcing cattle herd liquidations, a move that has boosted revenues through higher prices and sales volumes but ultimately stresses long-term supplies. Meanwhile, climate change continues to introduce strong production fluctuations, as evidenced by altering pest and disease patterns and extreme weather events disrupting traditional farming cycles. Adaptation strategies, such as planting drought-resistant crops and investing in climate-smart technologies, are becoming increasingly common as farmers strive to maintain resilience. In the coming five years, the sector will struggle to maintain revenue as prices decline in key segments and climate change adds a great deal of volatility. Sector revenue is forecast to decline at a CAGR of 0.5% to reach $573.3 billion in 2030. Crop prices are projected to decline over the next decade, while yields are expected to trend upward due to ongoing technological advancements. Despite drops in overall export revenue and competition from producers such as China and Brazil, emerging markets, particularly in Asia and Africa, will present new avenues for growth as demand for diverse agricultural products increases. Additionally, the potential for income generation through participation in carbon markets and adoption of nature-positive farming practices offers promising revenue diversification. The increasing frequency of extreme seasons and weather events, however, will make production planning challenging and exaggerate farmers' dependence on agricultural services, agrochemicals, irrigation and other expenses, putting pressure on profit as farmers try to maintain yields.

From the Civil War until the 1980s, output of major arable crops in the United States' agricultural sector increased significantly, particularly after the Second World War. Maize production was consistently the highest of the given crops, and was followed by wheat and oats in most years. There was a noticeable dip in the production of most crops in the 1930s due to the Great Depression, while the large drop in Maize production in 1983 was due to the 1983-1985 North American drought. Output trends generally correlate with the amount of land used for each crop, however improved efficiency from the mid-1900s meant that less land was required to yield higher results.