FIA Modeled Abundance:�This dataset portrays the live tree mean basal area (square feet per acre) of the species across the contiguous United States. The underlying data publication contains raster maps of live tree basal area for each tree species along with corresponding assessment data. An efficient approach for mapping multiple individual tree species over large spatial domains was used to develop these raster datasets. The method integrates vegetation phenology derived from MODIS imagery and raster data describing relevant environmental parameters with extensive field plot data of tree species basal area to create maps of tree species abundance and distribution at a 250-meter (m) pixel size for the contiguous United States. The approach uses the modeling techniques of k-nearest neighbors and canonical correspondence analysis, where model predictions are calculated using a weighting of nearest neighbors based on proximity in a feature space derived from the model. The approach also utilizes a stratification derived from the 2001 National Land-Cover Database tree canopy cover layer.�This data depicts current species abundance and distribution across the contiguous United States, modeled by using FIA field plot data. Although the absolute values associated with the maps differ from species to species, the highest values within each map are always associated with darker colors. The Little's Range Boundaries show the historical tree species ranges across North America. This is a digital representation of maps by Elbert L. Little, Jr., published between 1971 and 1977. These maps were based on botanical lists, forest surveys, field notes and herbarium specimens.Forest-type Groups:This dataset portrays the forest type group. Each group is a subset of the National Forest Type dataset which portrays 28 forest type groups across the contiguous United States. These data were derived from MODIS composite images from the 2002 and 2003 growing seasons in combination with nearly 100 other geospatial data layers, including elevation, slope, aspect, ecoregions, and PRISM climate data.Harvest Growth:This data shows the percentage of timber that is harvested when compared to the total live volume, at a county-by-county level. Timber volume in forests is constantly in flux, and harvest plays an important role in shaping forests. While most counties have some timber harvest, harvest volumes represent low percentages of standing timber volume.Carbon Harvest:The Carbon Harvest raster dataset represents Mg of annual pulpwood harvested (carbon) by county, derived from the Forest Inventory Analysis in 2016.

Note: This map service contains generalized NFS Land Unit boundaries to help with map service performance. Data in this service is not as accurate as the Automated Lands Program published data and will not accurately represent the boundary.National Forest System Land Unit original accurate data can be downloaded from here.An NFS Land Unit is nationally significant classification of Federally owned forest, range, and related lands that are administered by the USDA Forest Service or designated for administration through the Forest Service. NFS Land Unit types include proclaimed national forest, purchase unit, national grassland, land utilization project, research and experimental area, national preserve, and other land area. Each NFS Land Unit is identified by a National Forest Fiscal Identifier (NFFID) code, a unique 4-digit number that is used for accounting purposes.

Retirement Notice: This item is in mature support as of April 2024 and will be retired in December 2026. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version.This layer portrays 141 forest types across the contiguous United States and Alaska. This 250m raster was derived from MODIS composite images from the 2002 and 2003 growing seasons in combination with nearly 100 other geospatial data layers, including elevation, slope, aspect, ecoregions, and PRISM climate data. The purpose of this layer is to portray broad distribution patterns of forest cover in the United States and provide input to national scale modeling projects. Knowing where various forest types occur can be used to predict wildlife movements or design corridors, or to predict the effect of climate change on forest species.Dataset Summary The dataset was developed as a collaborative effort between the USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis and Forest Health Monitoring programs and the USFS Remote Sensing Applications Center. The source format is 250-meter raster. This layer covers the entire United States.The original forest type layer is available from the USDA portal.

The FS National Forests Dataset (US Forest Service Proclaimed Forests) is a depiction of the boundaries encompassing the National Forest System (NFS) lands within the original proclaimed National Forests, along with subsequent Executive Orders, Proclamations, Public Laws, Public Land Orders, Secretary of Agriculture Orders, and Secretary of Interior Orders creating modifications thereto, along with lands added to the NFS which have taken on the status of 'reserved from the public domain' under the General Exchange Act. The following area types are included: National Forest, Experimental Area, Experimental Forest, Experimental Range, Land Utilization Project, National Grassland, Purchase Unit, and Special Management Area.Metadata and Downloads - https://data.fs.usda.gov/geodata/edw/datasets.php?xmlKeyword=Original+Proclaimed+National+Forests

TreeMap 2016 provides a tree-level model of the forests of the conterminous United States. We matched forest plot data from Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) to a 30x30 meter (m) grid. TreeMap 2016 is being used in both the private and public sectors for projects including fuel treatment planning, snag hazard mapping, and estimation of terrestrial carbon resources. We used a random forests machine-learning algorithm to impute the forest plot data to a set of target rasters provided by Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools (LANDFIRE: https://landfire.gov). Predictor variables consisted of percent forest cover, height, and vegetation type, as well as topography (slope, elevation, and aspect), location (latitude and longitude), biophysical variables (photosynthetically active radiation, precipitation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, and vapour pressure deficit), and disturbance history (time since disturbance and disturbance type) for the landscape circa 2016.

The main output of this project (the GeoTIFF included in this data publication) is a raster map of imputed plot identifiers at 30×30 m spatial resolution for the conterminous U.S. for landscape conditions circa 2016. In the attribute table of this raster, we also present a set of attributes drawn from the FIA databases, including forest type and live basal area. The raster map of plot identifiers can be linked to the FIA databases available through the FIA DataMart (https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2001-FIADB) or to the text and SQL files included in this data publication to produce tree-level maps or to map other plot attributes. The accompanying database files included in this publication also contain attributes regarding the FIA plot CN (or control number, a unique identifier for each time a plot is measured), the subplot number, the tree record number, and for each tree: the status (live or dead), species, diameter, height, actual height (where broken), crown ratio, number of trees per acre, and a code for cause of death where applicable. The dataset has been validated for applications including percent live tree cover, height of the dominant trees, forest type, species of trees with most basal area, aboveground biomass, fuel treatment planning, and snag hazard. Because falling snags cause hazard to firefighting personnel and other forest users, in response to requests from the field, we provide a separate map that provides a rating of the severity of snag hazard based on the density and height of snags. Application of the dataset to research questions other than those for which it has been validated should be investigated by the researcher before proceeding. The dataset may be suitable for other applications and for use across various scales (stand, landscape, and region), however, the researcher should test the dataset's applicability to a particular research question before proceeding.Geospatial data describing tree species or forest structure are required for many analyses and models of forest landscape dynamics. Forest data must have resolution and continuity sufficient to reflect site gradients in mountainous terrain and stand boundaries imposed by historical events, such as wildland fire and timber harvest. The TreeMap 2014 dataset (Riley et al. 2019) was the first of its kind to provide such detailed forest structure data across the forests of the conterminous United States. The TreeMap 2016 dataset updates the TreeMap 2014 dataset to landscape conditions c2016. Prior to this imputed forest data, assessments relied largely on forest inventory at fixed plot locations at sparse densities.See the Entity and Attributes section for details regarding the relationship between the data files included in this publication and the FIA DataMart (https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2001-FIADB).

These data were published on 08/26/2021. On 02/01/2024, the metadata was updated to include reference to a recently published article and update URLs for Forest Service websites.

For more information about these data, see Riley et al. (2022).

The US Forest Service manages 193 million acres including the nation's 154 National Forests and 20 National Grasslands. These lands provide a wide variety of recreational opportunities, protect sources of clean water, and supply timber and forage.Dataset SummaryPhenomenon Mapped: United States lands managed by the US Forest ServiceGeographic Extent: Contiguous United States, Alaska, and Puerto RicoVisible Scale: The data is visible at all scales.Source: USFS Surface Ownership ParcelsPublication Date: May 2025This layer is a view of the USA Federal Lands layer. A filter has been used on this layer to eliminate non-Forest Service lands. For more information on layers for other agencies see the USA Federal Lands layer.What can you do with this Layer?This layer is suitable for both visualization and analysis across the ArcGIS system. This layer can be combined with your data and other layers from the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World in ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS Pro to create powerful web maps that can be used alone or in a story map or other application.Because this layer is part of the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World it is easy to add to your map:In ArcGIS Online you can add this layer to a map by selecting Add then Browse Living Atlas Layers. A window will open. Type "forest service" in the search box and browse to the layer. Select the layer then click Add to Map.In ArcGIS Pro open a map and select Add Data from the Map Tab. Select Data at the top of the drop down menu. The Add Data dialog box will open on the left side of the box expand Portal if necessary then select Living Atlas. Type "forest service" in the search box, browse to the layer then click OK.In both ArcGIS Online and Pro you can change the layer's symbology and view its attribute table. You can filter the layer to show subsets of the data using the filter button in Online or a definition query in ProThe data can be exported to a file geodatabase, a shape file or other format and downloaded using the Export Data button on the top right of this webpage..This layer can be used as an analytic input in both Online and Pro through the Perform Analysis window Online or as an input to a geoprocessing tool, model, or Python script in Pro.The ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World provides an easy way to explore many other beautiful and authoritative maps on hundreds of topics like this one.Questions?Please leave a comment below if you have a question about this layer, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

The National Forest Inventory (NFI) woodland map covers all forest and woodland area over 0.5 hectare with a minimum of 20% canopy cover, or the potential to achieve it, and a minimum width of 20 metres. This includes areas of new planting, clearfell, windblow and restock. The woodland map excludes all 'tarmac' roads and active railways, and forest roads, rivers and powerlines where the gap in the woodland is greater than 20 meters wide.

All woodland (both urban and rural), regardless of ownership, is 0.5 hectare or greater in extent, with the exception of Assumed woodland or Low density areas that can be 0.1 hectare or greater in extent. Also, in the case of woodland areas that cross the countries borders, the minimum size restriction does not apply if the overall area complies with the minimum size.

Woodland less than 0.5 hectare in extent, with the expectation of the areas above, will not be described within the dataset but will be included in a separate sample survey of small woodland and tree features.

The woodland map is updated on an annual basis and the changes in the woodland boundaries use the Ordnance Survey MasterMap® (OSMM) as a reference where appropriated.

The changes in the canopy cover have been identified on:

Sentinel 2 imagery taken during spring/summer 2023 or colour aerial orthophotographic imagery available at the time of the assessment; New planting information for the financial year 2022/2023, from grant schemes and the sub-compartment database covering the estate of Forestry England, Forestry and Land Scotland and Natural Resources Wales; Transition areas where the difference between the last assessment date (source) and the latest date (source) currently available was greater than 17 years. Woodland areas, greater than 0.5 hectares, are classified as an interpreted forest type (IFT) from aerial photography and satellite imagery. Non-woodland areas, open areas greater than 0.5 hectare completely surrounded by woodland are described according to open area types.

IFT categories are Conifer, Broadleaved, Mixed mainly conifer, Mixed mainly broadleaved, Coppice, Coppice with standards, Shrub, Young trees, Felled, Ground prep, Cloud \ shadow, Uncertain, Low density, Assumed woodland, Failed, Windblow.

IOA categories are Open water, Grassland, Agricultural land, Urban, Road, River, Powerline, Quarry, Bare area, Windfarm, Other vegetation.

For further information regarding the interpreted forest types (IFT) and the interpreted open areas (IOA) please see NFI description of attributes available on www.forestresearch.gov.uk

For detailed information on how to query this data set and how layer file user views were derived go to Resource Details section in metadata for this file. CoverType is used to stratify the Tongass N.F. according to forest cover type.CoverType is a photo-interpreted delineation of the Tongass National Forest by land type and timber cover type. Classification of lands was done sequentially: 1) land and water identified; 2) forested and non-forested areas were identified; 3) forested areas were classified by forest type and forest productivity; and 4) productive forest lands were further characterized by volume class, tree size, species composition. The original classifications were based on photo-interpretation of 1:15840 aerial photographs in 1978. The minimum map unit size is approximately 10 acres, though the average area for forested polygons is 60 acres. Additionally, CoverType is updated for new stands created through natural events or management activity. The data has also been corrected for errors, as found, that occurred during the attributing and digitizing of the original classification data.Data has been compiled for some lands in southeast Alaska outside National Forest System Ownership. Data collected outside NFS boundaries has been inconsistently collected and compiled and should not be used for data analysis..

The National Forest Inventory (NFI) woodland map covers all forest and woodland area over 0.5 hectare with a minimum of 20% canopy cover, or the potential to achieve it, and a minimum width of 20 metres. This includes areas of new planting, clearfell, windblow and restock. The woodland map excludes all 'tarmac' roads and active railways, and forest roads, rivers and powerlines where the gap in the woodland is greater than 20 meters wide.

All woodland (both urban and rural), regardless of ownership, is 0.5 hectare or greater in extent, with the exception of Assumed woodland or Low density areas that can be 0.1 hectare or greater in extent. Also, in the case of woodland areas that cross the countries borders, the minimum size restriction does not apply if the overall area complies with the minimum size.

Woodland less than 0.5 hectare in extent, with the expectation of the areas above, will not be described within the dataset but will be included in a separate sample survey of small woodland and tree features.

The woodland map is updated on an annual basis and the changes in the woodland boundaries use the Ordnance Survey MasterMap® (OSMM) as a reference where appropriated.

The changes in the canopy cover have been identified on:

Sentinel 2 imagery taken during spring/summer 2024 or colour aerial orthophotographicimagery available at the time of the assessment;

New planting information for the financial year 2023/2024, from grant schemes and the sub-compartment database covering the estate of Forestry England, Forestry and Land Scotland and Natural Resources Wales;

Transition areas where the difference between last assessment date (source) and the latest date (source) currently available was greater than 17 years.

Woodland areas, greater than 0.5 hectares, are classified as an interpreted forest type (IFT) from aerial photography and satellite imagery. Non-woodland areas, open areas greater than 0.5 hectare completely surrounded by woodland are described according to open area types.

IFT categories are Conifer, Broadleaved, Mixed mainly conifer, Mixed mainly broadleaved, Coppice, Coppice with standards, Shrub, Young trees, Felled, Ground prep, Cloud \ shadow, Uncertain, Low density, Assumed woodland, Failed, Windblow.

IOA categories are Open water, Grassland, Agricultural land, Urban, Road, River, Powerline, Quarry, Bare area, Windfarm, Other vegetation.

For further information regarding the interpreted forest types (IFT) and the interpreted open areas (IOA) please see NFI description of attributes available on www.forestresearch.gov.uk

This data package contains 3 GIS layers showing generalized forest types across New England as delineated in older forestry publications. These were digitized so that they can be used to illustrate broad vegetation patterns across the region in modern publications. These GIS layers include maps drawn by Hawley and Hawes (1912), RT Fisher (1933), and Westveld and the Committee on Silviculture, New England Section, Society of American Foresters (1956).

LTAs charactarize landscapes of 1 to 10 square miles and depict broad patterns of geology, geomorphology, soils and vegetation. They were created by nesting existing R10 soil mapping and the NRCS STATSGO general soil map within the Ecological Subsections. All of the LTAs were scrutinized and refined by a team of Tongass Ecologists and Soil Scientists. The Ecological Subsection lines in this feature class are different than the Ecosubsections feature class. They were refined as part of the LTA mapping effort.All descriptions are in a document callled "Landtype Associations of the Tongass National Forest" https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd524076.pdf

For detailed information on how to query this data set and how layer file user views were derived go to Resource Details section in metadata for this file.CoverType is used to stratify the Tongass N.F. according to forest cover type.CoverType is a photo-interpreted delineation of the Tongass National Forest by land type and timber cover type. Classification of lands was done sequentially: 1) land and water identified; 2) forested and non-forested areas were identified; 3) forested areas were classified by forest type and forest productivity; and 4) productive forest lands were further characterized by volume class, tree size, species composition. The original classifications were based on photo-interpretation of 1:15840 aerial photographs in 1978. The minimum map unit size is approximately 10 acres, though the average area for forested polygons is 60 acres. Additionally, CoverType is updated for new stands created through natural events or management activity. The data has also been corrected for errors, as found, that occurred during the attributing and digitizing of the original classification data.Data has been compiled for some lands in southeast Alaska outside National Forest System Ownership. Data collected outside NFS boundaries has been inconsistently collected and compiled and should not be used for data analysis..

This data product contains raster data depicting the spatial distribution of forest ownership types in the conterminous United States circa 2009. The data are a modeled representation of forest land by ownership type, and include three types of public ownership: federal, state, and local, as well as three types of private ownership: family (includes individuals and families), corporate, and other private (includes conservation and natural resource organizations, unincorporated partnerships and associations, and Native American tribal lands).The data are designed for strategic analyses at a national or regional scale which require spatially explicit information regarding the extent, distribution, and prevalence of the ownership types represented. The data are not recommended for tactical analyses on a sub-regional scale, or for informing local management decisions. Furthermore, map accuracies vary considerably and thus the utility of these data can vary geographically under different ownership patterns.

This map package contains data layers viewable for eighteen mid-level existing vegetation maps (1:100,000) prepared for the Tongass National Forest to provide up-to-date and more complete information about vegetative communities, structure, and patterns across the project area. Over 18 million acres were mapped through a partnership between the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service Field Services & Innovation Center – Geospatial Office (GO), the Tongass National Forest, and the Alaska Regional Office. The Tongass National Forest and their partners prepared the regional classification system, identified the desired map units (map classes) and provided general project management. GO provided project support and expertise in vegetation mapping. Maps are available for the six integrated vegetation attributes: project map group, project vegetation type, Tongass NF map group, Tongass NF vegetation type, NVC division, and NVC macrogroup. For forested areas, maps are available for the twelve forest structure metrics: tree canopy cover, tree canopy cover class, tree size, biomass (Mg/ac) for trees ≥2” diameter at breast height (DBH), crown competition factor (CCF), gross board feet (GBF), quadratic mean diameter (QMD) for trees ≥2” DBH, QMD for trees ≥9” DBH, rumple index, stand density index (SDI) for trees ≥9” DBH, trees per acre (TPA) for trees ≥1’ tall, and TPA for trees ≥6” DBH. The minimum map feature depicted on the map is 0.25 acres. The map products conform to the mid-level mapping standards referenced in the Existing Vegetation Classification, Mapping, and Inventory Technical Guide (Nelson et al. 2015). For more detailed information on mapping methodology please see the Tongass National Forest Existing Vegetation Project Report or the individual area project reports.

The feature class indicates the specific types of motorized vehicles allowed on the designated routes and their seasons of use. The feature class is designed to be consistent with the MVUM (Motor Vehicle Use Map). It is compiled from the GIS Data Dictionary data and NRM Infra tabular data that the administrative units have prepared for the creation of their MVUMs. Only roads with a SYMBOL attribute value of 1, 2, 3, 4, 11, and 12 are Forest Service System roads and contain data concerning their availability for OHV (Off Highway Vehicle) use. This data is published and refreshed on a unit by unit basis as needed. Data for each individual unit must be verified and proved consistent with the published MVUMs prior to publication.The Forest Service's Natural Resource Manager (NRM) Infrastructure (Infra) is the agency standard for managing and reporting information about inventory of constructed features and land units as well as the permits sold to the general public and to partners. Metadata

This digital soil survey information is used by soil scientists, hydrologists, ecologists, planners and other land managers to locate, compare, and select suitable areas for major kinds of land uses; to identify areas that need more intensive investigations; and to evaluate various management alternatives and predict the effects of the particular alternative on the land. Other intended uses of the soil survey include, but are not limited to, providing federal, state, and private organizations with resource information as it relates to activities such as power transmission right-of-way, coastal zone management, forest land management plans, mineral and energy exploration and development, and site suitability for buildings and dwellings. Tongass National Forest soil scientists began mapping soils in the early 1960s. By 1992 mapping was largely completed for approximately 10 million acres of the forest. During mapping, polylines were created using tones and textures on aerial photographs and field-verification. Soil map units were digitized from polygons drawn on 1:31,680 scale Mylar maps. Polygons on aerial photos were traced onto Mylar overlay sheets using a rapidiograph pen, which is accurate to .035 inches of the source data. Polygons were digitized to .001 inches of their location of the digitizing source (Mylar overlay). Accounting for the possibility of cumulative errors during transfer and digitizing, positional accuracy may vary by ± 250 feet. More recent inventories like Yakutat and South Kruzof were pre-mapped using on-screen digitizing with orthophotos and contours as base maps. Historically, the forest was divided into three soil survey areas-Stikine, Chatham, and Ketchikan. These areas are indicated in the FOREST field of the attribute table as follows: 2 = Stikine, 3 = Chatham, 5 = Ketchikan. By the end of the 1990s the digital soil inventory for the three survey areas on the forest were aggregated into one feature class. Beginning in the late 2000s an effort was made to move the soil inventory to Web Soil Survey (WSS). Each survey area was correlated separately. Updates to line work have occurred since 2010 to include areas not previously mapped. In 2020 a fourth area, the Yakutat Forelands was incorporated in WSS and the forest-wide feature class updated with that information. Line work for the southern half of Kruzof Island is included in this feature class but is currently in the correlation process and is not yet available on WSS. The update in 2020 also used all available line work from WSS to make the forest-wide dataset consistent with the data on WSS. Stikine Area (FOREST = 2): All lands within the Stikine Administrative Area have been mapped. This includes all federal, state, and private lands, including wilderness. The soil is mapped at different intensities across the area based on their Land Use Designations (LUDs) in the Tongass Land Management Plan, USDA-FS, 1979. Generally, areas designated for intensive land use (LUD III) are mapped at larger scales (Order 3 level, 1:15,840), while other areas designated for low intensity land use (LUD I&II) are mapped at smaller scales (Order 4 level, 1:31,680). Some areas that are currently LUD I&II were mapped to Order 3 prior to designation. All of the Stikine Area is mapped to an Order 3 level with the exception of the following, which were mapped to Order 4: the Stikine-LeConte Wilderness Area (Farm and Dry Islands are mapped to Order 3), Anan Creek area, and mainland areas designated for semi-remote recreation use. For exact locations, see Preliminary Soil Resource Inventory Report, Stikine Area. Order 3 surveys were mapped on 1:15,840 scale aerial photos. This resulted in map delineations no smaller than approximately 3 acres, ranging up to several hundred acres. The map units in the Order 3 survey area are composed of soil associations, some consociations and some complexes. The Order 4 surveys were mapped on 1:31,680 scale high-altitude infrared aerial photographs. This resulted in map units no smaller than approximately 10 acres and ranged as high as 500 acres in size. The map units in the Order 4 survey area are composed of phases of soil families, or subgroups. Design of initial mapping units in the Stikine area was strongly influenced by soil-vegetation relationships. This is referred to as the "Soil Ecosystem" type of mapping units, which are defined based on natural vegetation types, corresponding soil properties and associated landform types. Map units were also broken out by slope class.Chatham Area (FOREST = 3): The Chatham Area soil survey covers approximately 4.5 million acres of the Tongass National Forest. The inventory occurred in two stages and was done at two levels of detail. An Order 3 survey was conducted from 1981 to 1984, and an Order 4 survey was conducted from 1987 to 1989. Wilderness areas, national monuments, ANILCA additions, state, private and native lands were not mapped. The Order 3 survey is composed primarily of areas referred to as "Land Use Designations (LUDs) III and IV in the Tongass Land Management Plan, USDA-FS, 1979. LUD III were managed for a combination of uses, including recreation and some timber harvest. LUD IV were allocated to intensive resource use and development opportunities, primarily timber harvest and mining. Both LUD III and IV areas required the greater detail of an Order 3 survey. The Order 4 survey is composed primarily of LUD II. LUD II areas were allocated to roadless area management. The lower intensity management of LUD II justified a less detailed Order 4 survey. For exact locations, see Chatham Area Ecological Unit Inventory User Guide, figure 1. The inventory area was pre-mapped on either color aerial photographs at a scale of 1:15,840 (Order 3) or high altitude, color infrared aerial photographs at a scale of 1:63,360 (Order 4). South Kruzof soil survey covers about 60,795 acres of the Tongass National Forest. It represents the soils on the young Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field. The area was initially mapped during the 1981 to 1984 Order 3 Chatham soil survey. A second effort to gather more data began in 1994 but was not completed at that time. The effort to map South Kruzof restarted during 2009 and was completed in 2011. It was mapped digitally at a scale of 1:31,680 on 1998 2-meter black and white Digital Ortho Quads. The Yakutat soil survey covers about 487,758 acres of the Tongass, primarily on the Yakutat Forelands. This survey was also started during the 1981 to 1984 Order 3 soil survey. Additional data was collected in 1987, 1989, 1991, 1992, and 1993. The Yakutat survey was picked up again in 2009 and completed in 2013, although the mountainous areas are still unmapped. Yakutat was mapped digitally at a scale of 1:31,680 on 2008 Color 1 meter Digital Ortho Quarter Quads. The NRCS completed correlation on the Yakutat mapping area in 2020 but has not completed correlation of South Kruzof. The Chatham inventory was strongly influenced by soil-landform relationships. Additionally, vegetation, geology, and soils information was used to stratify the landscape into natural integral units that reflect ecological processes. Map units were also broken out by slope classes. The mapping criteria are based on features that may be either directly observed or inferred from natural landscape and vegetative features viewed on an aerial photograph. The intent of the mapping is to delineate integral ecological units that provide information required to achieve National Forest System management objectives. The Yakutat SMUs are nested in the landtype associations (LTAs) that were mapped in Landtype Associations of the Yakutat Foreland by Michael Shephard and Terry Brock (Technical Publication No. R10-TP-109, 2002). These LTAs were generalized for the soil survey.Ketchikan Area (FOREST = 5): The Ketchikan soil survey area covers approximately 3 million acres. It includes all of the area previously known as the Ketchikan Administrative Area except the following: Misty Fjords National Monument Wilderness and non-wilderness areas, the South Prince of Wales area and large tracts of federal (Bureau of Land Management), state, private borough and municipal lands. These unmapped lands are found on Cleveland Peninsula, Revillagigedo Island, Sukkwan Island, Long Island, Dall Island and Prince of Wales Island. Areas within the Ketchikan Area Soil Survey are mapped at different levels of intensity. Those designated as moderate and intensive development under the 1997 Tongass Land Management Plan (1997 TLMP) Revision, are mapped at an Order 3 level. Most wilderness areas were not included in the soil survey, although some areas now designated as wilderness and National Monument or 'Mostly Natural Setting' were mapped prior to those designations. These areas include: outside islands (Noyes, Lulu and Baker), Mt Calder/Mt. Holbrook Area, Salmon Bay, Coronation Island, Maurelle Islands, Warren Island, and the Karta River. Some other lands identified in the 1997 TLMP Revision under Wilderness and National Monument and 'Mostly Natural' settings were mapped at an Order 4 level. These areas include: Duke, Hotspur and Cat Islands, Cleveland Peninsula (North of Yes Bay), Bell Island, area east of Naha Bay, and area north of Cholmondeley Sound. For exact locations, see Ketchikan Area Soil Survey User Guide, Tongass N.F., p. 13. The Order 3 surveys were mapped on 1:15,840 or 1:40,000 aerial photos. This resulted in map delineations no smaller than approximately 3 acres ranging up to several hundred acres. The Order 3 survey areas are composed approximately of one-third each of map units of soil consociations, associations and complexes. The Order 4 surveys were mapped on 1:15,840 colored aerial photographs. This resulted in map delineations no smaller than approximately 10 acres and ranging as high as 500 acres in size. The map units are composed of phases of series, soil families, or subgroups.The criteria

The National Forest Inventory (NFI) woodland map covers all forest and woodland area over 0.5 hectare with a minimum of 20% canopy cover, or the potential to achieve it, and a minimum width of 20 metres. This includes areas of new planting, clearfell, windblow and restock. The woodland map excludes all 'tarmac' roads and active railways, and forest roads, rivers and powerlines where the gap in the woodland is greater than 20 meters wide.

All woodland (both urban and rural), regardless of ownership, is 0.5 hectare or greater in extent, with the exception of Assumed woodland or Low density areas that can be 0.1 hectare or greater in extent. Also, in the case of woodland areas that cross the countries borders, the minimum size restriction does not apply if the overall area complies with the minimum size.

Woodland less than 0.5 hectare in extent, with the expectation of the areas above, will not be described within the dataset but will be included in a separate sample survey of small woodland and tree features.

The woodland map is updated on an annual basis and the changes in the woodland boundaries use the Ordnance Survey MasterMap® (OSMM) as a reference where appropriated.

The changes in the canopy cover have been identified on:

• Sentinel 2 imagery taken during spring/summer 2019 and 2020 or colour aerial orthophotographic imagery available at the time of the assessment;

• New planting information for the financial year 2019/2020, from grant schemes and the sub-compartment database covering the estate of Forestry England;

Woodland areas, greater than 0.5 hectares, are classified as an interpreted forest type (IFT) from aerial photography and satellite imagery. Non-woodland areas, open areas greater than 0.5 hectare completely surrounded by woodland are described according to open area types.

IFT categories are Conifer, Broadleaved, Mixed mainly conifer, Mixed mainly broadleaved, Coppice, Coppice with standards, Shrub, Young trees, Felled, Ground prep, Cloud \ shadow, Uncertain, Low density, Assumed woodland, Failed, Windblow.

IOA categories are Open water, Grassland, Agricultural land, Urban, Road, River, Powerline, Quarry, Bare area, Windfarm, Other vegetation.

For further information regarding the interpreted forest types (IFT) and the interpreted open areas (IOA) please see NFI description of attributes available on

www.forestresearch.gov.uk

Summary The NFI definition of woodland is a minimum area of 0.5 hectares under stands of trees with, or with the potential to achieve, tree crown cover of more than 20% of the ground. Areas of young trees, which have the potential to achieve a canopy cover of more than 20%, will also be interpreted as woodland and mapped. The minimum width for woodland is 20 m, although where woodlands are connected by a narrow neck of woodland less than 20 m wide, the break may be disregarded if less than 20 m in extent. Intervening land classes such as Roads - all 'tarmac' roads should be excluded from the woodland area, but internal forest tracks, farmers tracks, rides etc. willbe included as part of the woodland if < 20m wide. Rivers - where the gap in woodland is 20m then rivers will be excluded from the woodland area. Power lines etc. - where the gap in woodland is 20m then power lines will be excluded from the woodland area. Railways - all normal gauge railways should be excluded from woodland Scrubby vegetation" is included within this survey where low woody growth seems to dominate a likely woodland site. The definition of an open area is any open area that is 20m wide and 0.5 ha in extent and is completely surrounded by woodland. The woodland boundaries have been interpreted from colour aerial orthophotographic imagery. For the base map, photographic images aimed to be no older than 3 years at the time of mapping (i.e. areas mapped in 2007 would be based on photographs that were ideally taken no earlier than 2004). As the map is be the basis for a longer rolling programme of sample field surveys it has been necessary to develop procedures to update the map to the date of the field survey, currently 2011, for the purpose of reporting on the current phase. The map is continually updated on an annual basis. These updates will are achieved by a combination of remote sensing and updated aerial imagery analysis for changes in the woodland structure and with reference to available new planting information from grant schemes and the FE sub-compartment database. Ordnance Survey MasterMap® (OSMM) features have been used as a reference for capturing the woodland boundaries. OSMM is the most up to date large-scale digital map of GB providing a seamless database for 1:1250, 1:2500 and 1:10000 survey data. All woodland (both urban and rural, regardless of ownership) which is 0.5ha or greater in extent, with the expection of Assumed woodland or Low density areas that can be 0.1ha or greater in extend, as been mapped Woodland that is less than 0.5ha in extent will not be described within the dataset but will be included in a separate sample survey of small woodland and tree features.

Description. The primary objective is to create a new digital map of all woodland in Great Britain using O.S.MasterMap features as boundaries where appropriate. The map shows the extent of all woodland of 0.5 ha.Woodland categories are defined by IFT (Interpreted Forest Type) values. Detailed Woodland categories are: Broadleaved Conifer Felled Ground Prepared for New Planting Mixed - predominantly Broadleaved Mixed - predominantly Conifer Young Trees Coppice Coppice with Standards Shrub Land Uncertain Cloud or Shadow Low Density Assumed woodland Failed Windthrow/Windblow Non woodland categories are defined by the IOA (Interpreted Open Area) values. Detailed Non woodland categories are: Agriculture land Bare area Grass Open water Other vegetation Power line Quarry River Road Urban Windfarm A full list of attributes can be found in the Data Lineage section.

Any maps produced using this data should contain the following Forestry Commission acknowledgement: "Contains, or is based on, information supplied by the Forestry Commission. © Crown copyright and database right [Year] Ordnance Survey [100021242]".

This digital soil survey information is used by soil scientists, hydrologists, ecologists, planners and other land managers to locate, compare, and select suitable areas for major kinds of land uses; to identify areas that need more intensive investigations; and to evaluate various management alternatives and predict the effects of the particular alternative on the land. Other intended uses of the soil survey include, but are not limited to, providing federal, state, and private organizations with resource information as it relates to activities such as power transmission right-of-way, coastal zone management, forest land management plans, mineral and energy exploration and development, and site suitability for buildings and dwellings. Tongass National Forest soil scientists began mapping soils in the early 1960s. By 1992 mapping was largely completed for approximately 10 million acres of the forest. During mapping, polylines were created using tones and textures on aerial photographs and field-verification. Soil map units were digitized from polygons drawn on 1:31,680 scale Mylar maps. Polygons on aerial photos were traced onto Mylar overlay sheets using a rapidiograph pen, which is accurate to .035 inches of the source data. Polygons were digitized to .001 inches of their location of the digitizing source (Mylar overlay). Accounting for the possibility of cumulative errors during transfer and digitizing, positional accuracy may vary by ± 250 feet. More recent inventories like Yakutat and South Kruzof were pre-mapped using on-screen digitizing with orthophotos and contours as base maps. Historically, the forest was divided into three soil survey areas-Stikine, Chatham, and Ketchikan. These areas are indicated in the FOREST field of the attribute table as follows: 2 = Stikine, 3 = Chatham, 5 = Ketchikan. By the end of the 1990s the digital soil inventory for the three survey areas on the forest were aggregated into one feature class. Beginning in the late 2000s an effort was made to move the soil inventory to Web Soil Survey (WSS). Each survey area was correlated separately. Updates to line work have occurred since 2010 to include areas not previously mapped. In 2020 a fourth area, the Yakutat Forelands was incorporated in WSS and the forest-wide feature class updated with that information. Line work for the southern half of Kruzof Island is included in this feature class but is currently in the correlation process and is not yet available on WSS. The update in 2020 also used all available line work from WSS to make the forest-wide dataset consistent with the data on WSS. Stikine Area (FOREST = 2): All lands within the Stikine Administrative Area have been mapped. This includes all federal, state, and private lands, including wilderness. The soil is mapped at different intensities across the area based on their Land Use Designations (LUDs) in the Tongass Land Management Plan, USDA-FS, 1979. Generally, areas designated for intensive land use (LUD III) are mapped at larger scales (Order 3 level, 1:15,840), while other areas designated for low intensity land use (LUD I&II) are mapped at smaller scales (Order 4 level, 1:31,680). Some areas that are currently LUD I&II were mapped to Order 3 prior to designation. All of the Stikine Area is mapped to an Order 3 level with the exception of the following, which were mapped to Order 4: the Stikine-LeConte Wilderness Area (Farm and Dry Islands are mapped to Order 3), Anan Creek area, and mainland areas designated for semi-remote recreation use. For exact locations, see Preliminary Soil Resource Inventory Report, Stikine Area. Order 3 surveys were mapped on 1:15,840 scale aerial photos. This resulted in map delineations no smaller than approximately 3 acres, ranging up to several hundred acres. The map units in the Order 3 survey area are composed of soil associations, some consociations and some complexes. The Order 4 surveys were mapped on 1:31,680 scale high-altitude infrared aerial photographs. This resulted in map units no smaller than approximately 10 acres and ranged as high as 500 acres in size. The map units in the Order 4 survey area are composed of phases of soil families, or subgroups. Design of initial mapping units in the Stikine area was strongly influenced by soil-vegetation relationships. This is referred to as the "Soil Ecosystem" type of mapping units, which are defined based on natural vegetation types, corresponding soil properties and associated landform types. Map units were also broken out by slope class.Chatham Area (FOREST = 3): The Chatham Area soil survey covers approximately 4.5 million acres of the Tongass National Forest. The inventory occurred in two stages and was done at two levels of detail. An Order 3 survey was conducted from 1981 to 1984, and an Order 4 survey was conducted from 1987 to 1989. Wilderness areas, national monuments, ANILCA additions, state, private and native lands were not mapped. The Order 3 survey is composed primarily of areas referred to as "Land Use Designations (LUDs) III and IV in the Tongass Land Management Plan, USDA-FS, 1979. LUD III were managed for a combination of uses, including recreation and some timber harvest. LUD IV were allocated to intensive resource use and development opportunities, primarily timber harvest and mining. Both LUD III and IV areas required the greater detail of an Order 3 survey. The Order 4 survey is composed primarily of LUD II. LUD II areas were allocated to roadless area management. The lower intensity management of LUD II justified a less detailed Order 4 survey. For exact locations, see Chatham Area Ecological Unit Inventory User Guide, figure 1. The inventory area was pre-mapped on either color aerial photographs at a scale of 1:15,840 (Order 3) or high altitude, color infrared aerial photographs at a scale of 1:63,360 (Order 4). South Kruzof soil survey covers about 60,795 acres of the Tongass National Forest. It represents the soils on the young Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field. The area was initially mapped during the 1981 to 1984 Order 3 Chatham soil survey. A second effort to gather more data began in 1994 but was not completed at that time. The effort to map South Kruzof restarted during 2009 and was completed in 2011. It was mapped digitally at a scale of 1:31,680 on 1998 2-meter black and white Digital Ortho Quads. The Yakutat soil survey covers about 487,758 acres of the Tongass, primarily on the Yakutat Forelands. This survey was also started during the 1981 to 1984 Order 3 soil survey. Additional data was collected in 1987, 1989, 1991, 1992, and 1993. The Yakutat survey was picked up again in 2009 and completed in 2013, although the mountainous areas are still unmapped. Yakutat was mapped digitally at a scale of 1:31,680 on 2008 Color 1 meter Digital Ortho Quarter Quads. The NRCS completed correlation on the Yakutat mapping area in 2020 but has not completed correlation of South Kruzof. The Chatham inventory was strongly influenced by soil-landform relationships. Additionally, vegetation, geology, and soils information was used to stratify the landscape into natural integral units that reflect ecological processes. Map units were also broken out by slope classes. The mapping criteria are based on features that may be either directly observed or inferred from natural landscape and vegetative features viewed on an aerial photograph. The intent of the mapping is to delineate integral ecological units that provide information required to achieve National Forest System management objectives. The Yakutat SMUs are nested in the landtype associations (LTAs) that were mapped in Landtype Associations of the Yakutat Foreland by Michael Shephard and Terry Brock (Technical Publication No. R10-TP-109, 2002). These LTAs were generalized for the soil survey.Ketchikan Area (FOREST = 5): The Ketchikan soil survey area covers approximately 3 million acres. It includes all of the area previously known as the Ketchikan Administrative Area except the following: Misty Fjords National Monument Wilderness and non-wilderness areas, the South Prince of Wales area and large tracts of federal (Bureau of Land Management), state, private borough and municipal lands. These unmapped lands are found on Cleveland Peninsula, Revillagigedo Island, Sukkwan Island, Long Island, Dall Island and Prince of Wales Island. Areas within the Ketchikan Area Soil Survey are mapped at different levels of intensity. Those designated as moderate and intensive development under the 1997 Tongass Land Management Plan (1997 TLMP) Revision, are mapped at an Order 3 level. Most wilderness areas were not included in the soil survey, although some areas now designated as wilderness and National Monument or 'Mostly Natural Setting' were mapped prior to those designations. These areas include: outside islands (Noyes, Lulu and Baker), Mt Calder/Mt. Holbrook Area, Salmon Bay, Coronation Island, Maurelle Islands, Warren Island, and the Karta River. Some other lands identified in the 1997 TLMP Revision under Wilderness and National Monument and 'Mostly Natural' settings were mapped at an Order 4 level. These areas include: Duke, Hotspur and Cat Islands, Cleveland Peninsula (North of Yes Bay), Bell Island, area east of Naha Bay, and area north of Cholmondeley Sound. For exact locations, see Ketchikan Area Soil Survey User Guide, Tongass N.F., p. 13. The Order 3 surveys were mapped on 1:15,840 or 1:40,000 aerial photos. This resulted in map delineations no smaller than approximately 3 acres ranging up to several hundred acres. The Order 3 survey areas are composed approximately of one-third each of map units of soil consociations, associations and complexes. The Order 4 surveys were mapped on 1:15,840 colored aerial photographs. This resulted in map delineations no smaller than approximately 10 acres and ranging as high as 500 acres in size. The map units are composed of phases of series, soil families, or subgroups.The criteria