This indicator is based on location of residence. Mortality rate has been age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. ICD 10 codes used to identify homicides are X85-Y09, Y87.1, and U01-U02. Single-year data are only available for Los Angeles County overall, Service Planning Areas, Supervisorial Districts, City of Los Angeles overall, and City of Los Angeles Council Districts.Violence is a public health crisis in the US, with gun violence being a major driver. Almost three quarters of homicides involve firearms. In the US, the age-adjusted homicide rate from firearms is more than 20 times higher than in the European Union or in Australia. Significant disparities by age, sex, and race and ethnicity exist, with young adults ages 15-34 years, males, and Black individuals most disproportionately impacted. Comprehensive prevention strategies should work to address the underlying physical, social, economic, and structural conditions known to increase risk.For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the initiative homepage.

The European System of Social Indicators provides a systematically selected collection of time-series data to measure and monitor individual and societal well-being and selected dimensions of general social change across European societies. Beyond the member states of the European Union, the indicator system also covers two additional European nations and – depending on data availability – the United States and Japan as two important non-European reference societies. Guided by a conceptual framework, the European System of Social Indicators has been developed around three basic concepts – quality of life, social cohesion, and sustainability. While the concept of quality of life is supposed to cover dimensions of individual well-being, the notions of social cohesion as well as sustainability are used to conceptualize major characteristics and dimensions of societal or collective well-being. The indicator system is structured into 13 life domains altogether. Time-series data are available for nine life domains, which have been fully implemented. Time series start at the beginning of the 1980s at the earliest and mostly end by 2013. As far as data availability allows, empirical observations are presented yearly. Most of the indicator time-series are broken down by selected sociodemographic variables, such as gender, age groups, employment status, or territorial characteristics. Regional disaggregations are being provided at the NUTS-1 or similar levels as far as meaningful and data availability allows. The European System of Social Indicators is preferably based on harmonized data sources, ensuring the best possible level of comparability across countries and time. The data sources used include international aggregate official statistics, for example, provided by EUROSTAT and the OECD, as well as microdata from various official as well as science-based cross-national surveys, such as the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), Eurobarometer Surveys, the World Value Surveys, or the European Social Survey. The European System of Social Indicators results from research activities within the former Social Indicators Research Centre at GESIS. In its initial stage, this research was part of the EuReporting-Project (Towards a European System of Social Reporting and Welfare Measurement), funded by the European Commission within its 4th European Research Framework Programme from 1998 to 2001. For more detailed information on the European System of Social Indicators, see the methodological report under „other documents“. The data on the area of life ´Crime and public safety´ is made up as follows: Demographic and socio-economic structures, inequalities, inequality and social exclusion, human capital, objective living conditions, values and attitudes. Das Europäische System sozialer Indikatoren umfasst eine systematische Auswahl von Zeitreihendaten, die darauf ausgerichtet ist, die individuelle und gesellschaftliche Wohlfahrt sowie Dimensionen des sozialstrukturellen Wandels im europäischen Rahmen vergleichend zu messen und zu beobachten. Neben den Mitgliedsländern der Europäischen Union umfasst das Indikatorensystem zwei weitere europäische Länder sowie – soweit es die Datenlage erlaubt – mit Japan und den USA zwei nicht-europäische Referenzgesellschaften. Durch einen konzeptuellen Rahmen angeleitet, orientierte sich die Entwicklung des Europäischen Systems sozialer Indikatoren an drei Konzepten: Lebensqualität, soziale Kohäsion und Nachhaltigkeit. Während sich das Konzept der Lebensqualität auf Dimensionen der individuellen Wohlfahrt bezieht, umfassen die Konzepte der sozialen Kohäsion und Nachhaltigkeit Merkmale und Dimensionen der gesellschaftlichen oder kollektiven Wohlfahrt. Das Indikatorensystem ist zudem in insgesamt 13 Lebensbereiche untergliedert. Zeitreihendaten liegen für 9 Lebensbereiche vor, die voll implementiert wurden. Die Zeitreihen beginnen frühestens 1980 und enden in der Regel spätestens 2013. Soweit es die Datenquellen erlauben, umfassen die Zeitreihen jährliche Beobachtungswerte. Die Indikator-Zeitreihen sind überwiegend nach ausgewählten soziodemographischen Merkmalen untergliedert, wie Geschlecht, Altersgruppen, Erwerbsstatus oder Gebietsmerkmalen. Regionale Untergliederungen liegen – soweit sinnvoll und soweit es die Datenquellen erlauben – auf dem NUTS-1 oder ähnlichem Niveau vor. Das Europäische System sozialer Indikatoren stützt sich bevorzugt auf harmonisierte Datenquellen, die eine bestmögliche internationale und intertemporale Vergleichbarkeit gewährleisten. Die verwendeten Datenquellen umfassen sowohl Aggregatdaten der offiziellen Statistik, wie sie z.B. von EUROSTAT oder der OECD bereitgestellt werden, als auch Mikrodaten aus offiziellen und wissenschaftsbasierten internationalen Surveys, wie z.B. der Europäischen Erhebung über Einkommen und Lebensbedingungen (EU-SILC), den Eurobarometer und World Value Surveys oder dem European Social Survey. Das Europäische System sozialer Indikatoren ist das Ergebnis von Forschungsaktivitäten im Rahmen des früheren Zentrums für Sozialindikatorenforschung von GESIS, die zunächst als Teilprojekt des EuReporting-Projekts (Towards a European System of Social Reporting and Welfare Measurement) durchgeführt und von 1998 bis 2001 von der Europäischen Kommission über das 4. Europäische Forschungsrahmenprogramm gefördert wurden. Für ausführlichere Informationen zum Europäischen System sozialer Indikatoren vergleiche den Methodenbericht unter „andere Dokumente“. Die Daten zu dem Lebensbereich ‚Kriminalität und öffentliche Sicherheit‘ setzen sich wie folgt zusammen: Demographische und sozio-ökonomische Strukturen, Ungleichheiten, Ungleichheit und soziale Ausgrenzung, Humankapital, Objektive Lebensbedingungen, Werte und Haltungen.

The research project is a subproject of the research association “Strengthening of integration potentials within a modern society” (Scientific head: Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Heitmeyer, Bielefeld) which contains 17 subprojects and is supported by the ministry of education and research. In almost all the economically highly developed countries violent crime increased significantly in the second part of the last century - in contrast to the long term trend of decline of individual (non-governmental) violence since the beginning of modern times. The authors develop an explanatory approach for these facts which is inspired mainly by Norbert Elias´s civilization theory and Emil Durkheim´s theory on society. Detailed time series on the development of different forms of violent crime are presented and set in relation with certain aspects of economic and social structural changes in three countries and also refer to the changes in integration of modern societies. The analysis deals especially with effectivity and legitimacy of the governmental monopoly of violence, the public beneficial security and power system, forms of building social capital, economic and social inequality, precarity of employment, different aspects of increasing economization of society, changes in family structures and usage of mass media and modern communication technologies. Register of tables in HISTAT: A: Crime statistics A.01 Frequency of types of crimes in different countries (1953-2000) A.02 Suspects by crimes of 100.000 inhabitants of Germany, England and Sweden (1955-1998) A.03 Murders, manslaughter and intentional injuries by other persons by sex of 100.000 persons after the statistics of causes of death (1953-2000) A.04 Clearance rate by types of crimes in Germany, England and Sweden (1953-1997) A.05 Prisoners of 100.000 inhabitants of Germany, Great Britain and Sweden (1950-2000) B: Key indicators for economic development in Germany, Great Britain, Sweden and the USA B1: Data on the overall economic framework B1.01 Percent changes in the real GDP per capita in purchasing power parities (1956-1987) B1.02 Percent changes in GDP per capita in prices from 2000 (1955-1998) B1.03 GDP of Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom in purchasing power parities in percent og the US GDP (1950-1992) B1.04 Labor productivity index for different countries, base: USA 1996 = 100 (1950-1999) B1.05 GDP per hour of labor in different countries in EKS-$ from 1999 (1950-2003) B1.06 Foreign trade - exports and imports in percent of the GDP of different countries (1949-2003) B1.07 GDP, wages and Unit-Labor-Cost in different countries (1960-2003) B2: Unemployment B2.01 Standardized unemployment rate in different countries with regard to the entire working population (1960-2003) B2.02 Share of long-term unemployed of the total number of unemployed in different countries in percent (1992-2004) B2.03 Youth unemployment in different countries in percent (1970-2004) B2.04 Unemployment rate in percent by sex in different countries (1963-2000) B3: Employment B3.01 Employment rate in percent in different countries (1960-2000) B3.02 Share of fixed-term employees and persons in dependent employment in percent in different countries (1983-2004) B3.03 Share of part-time employees by sex compared to the entire working population in different countries (1973-2000) B3.04 Share of un-voluntarily part-time employees by sex in different countries (1983-2003) B3.05 Share of contract workers in different countries in percent of the entire working population (1975-2002) B3.06 Share of self-employed persons in different countries in percent of the entire working population (1970-2004) B3.07 Shift worker rate in different countries in percent (1992-2005) B3.08 Yearly working hours per employee in different countries (1950-2004) B3.09 Employment by sectors in different countries (1950-2003) B3.10 Share of employees in public civil services in percent of the population between 15 and 64 years in different countries (1960-1999) B3.11 Female population, female employees and female workers in percent of the population between 16 and 64 years in different countries (1960-2000) B3.12 Employees, self-employed persons in percent of the entire working population in different countries (1960-2000) B4: Taxes and duties B4.01 Taxes and social security contributions in percent of the GDP (1965-2002) B4.02 Social expenditure in percent of the GDP (1965-2002) B4.03 Social expenditure in percent of the GDP (1960-2000) B4.04 Public expenditure in percent of the GDP in different countries (1960-2003) B4.05 Education expenditure in percent of GDP (1950-2001) B5: Debt B5.01 Insolvencies in Germany and England (1960-2004) B5.02 Insolvencies with regard to total population in different countries (1950-2002) B5.03 Consumer credits in different countries (1960-2002) C: Income distribution in Germany, Great Britain and Sweden C.01 Income inequality in different countries Einkommensungleicheit in verschiedenen Ländern (1949-2000) C.02 Income inequality after different indices and calculations in different countries (1969-2000) C.03 Redistribution: Decline in Gini-Index through transfers and taxes in percent in different countries (1969-2000) C.04 Redistribution: Decline in Gini-Index through transfers and taxes in percent with a population structure as in the United Kingdom in 1969 in different countries (1969-2000) C.05 Redistribution efficiency: Decline in Gini-/ Atkinson-Index through transfers and the share of social expenditure of the GDP in different countries (1969-2000) C.06 Index for concentration of transfers in different countries (1981-2000) C.07 Distribution of wealth in West-Germany (1953-1998) C.08 Distribution of wealth in the United Kingdom (1950-2000) C.09 Distribution of wealth in Sweden (1951-1999) C.10 Relative income poverty in different countries (1969-2000) C.11 Reduction of poverty in different countries (1969-2000) C.12 Neocorporalism index in different countries (1960-1994) D: Perception of safety D.01 Satisfaction with democracy in different countries (1976-2004) D.02 Revenues and employees in the private security sector in different countries (1950-2001) D.03 Decommodification-Score in different countries (1971-2002) E: Demographics E.01 Birth rates: Birth per 1000 women between 15 and 49 years in different countries (1951-2001) E.02 Fertility rate in different countries (1950-2004) E.03 Marriages per 100.000 persons in different countries (1950-2003) E.04 Share of foreigners of the entire population in different countries (1951-2002) E.05 Internal migration in different countries (1952-2001)

Death rate due to assaults, by sex (number of deaths per 100 000 inhabitants, adjusted to a standard age distribution, and as defined by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)).