The estimated population of unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. stands at around ** million people. Although the number has stabilized, the United States has seen a spike in migrant encounters in the last few years, with over * million cases registered by the U.S. Border Patrol in 2023. This is a slight decrease from the previous year, when there were over *** million cases registered. Due to its proximity and shared border, Mexico remains the leading country of origin for most undocumented immigrants in the U.S., with California and Texas being home to the majority.

Immigration and political division

Despite the majority of the population having immigrant roots, the topic of immigration in the U.S. remains one of the country’s longest-standing political debates. Support among Republicans for restrictive immigration has grown alongside Democratic support for open immigration. This growing divide has deepened the polarization between the two major political parties, stifling constructive dialogue and impeding meaningful reform efforts and as a result, has led to dissatisfaction from all sides. In addition to general immigration policy, feelings toward illegal immigration in the U.S. also vary widely. For some, it's seen as a significant threat to national security, cultural identity, and economic stability. This perspective often aligns with support for stringent measures like Trump's proposed border wall and increased enforcement efforts. On the other hand, there are those who are more sympathetic toward undocumented immigrants, as demonstrated by support for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program.

In 2022, about **** million illegal aliens were apprehended in the United States. This was a significant increase from the previous year, when there were around **** million illegal aliens apprehended nationwide. Apprehensions refer to Border Patrol apprehensions and ICE administrative arrests.

In 2022, an estimated 10.99 million unauthorized immigrants were living in the United States. This is an increase from about 3.5 million unauthorized immigrants who lived in the United States in 1990.

In January 2022, it was estimated that about 1.85 million male illegal immigrants living in the United States were aged between 35 and 44 years old. In that same year, it was estimated that 1.52 million female illegal immigrants living in the U.S. were between 35 and 44 years old.

Users can download reports regarding immigrant issues and view maps of the distribution of the foreign-born population in the U.S. Topics include: immigration policy, migration, English language proficiency, and adult education. Background The Migration Policy Institute is a think tank dedicated to studying human migration across the globe. This website is useful for policymakers and practitioners interested in understanding and responding to immigrant integration. Topics include, but are not limited to: migration, immigration policy, English language proficiency, immigration enforcement, and English language education. User Functionality Users can download reports regarding immigrant int egration issues and immigration trends. Users can also access the State Responses to Immigration Database, the American Community Survey of the Foreign Born, and Who's Where in the United States Database. Users can download data into SAS statistical software. In addition, users can view maps showing the distribution of the foreign-born population in the U.S. Demographic information is available by race/ethnicity, Hispanic origin, place of origin, citizenship status, sex/gender, and marital status. Data Notes Data sources include the New Immigrants Survey, U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of Homeland Security Office of Immigration Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, United States Census Bureau, U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO), U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), U.S. Citizen and Immigration Services, Congressional Research Service, Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse, National Immigration Law Ce nter, among others. Full citations and years to which the data apply, are indicated in each report. Data are available on national, state and city levels, depending upon the report.

As of January 2022, it was estimated that about 4.81 million illegal immigrants from Mexico were living in the United States. It was also estimated that 750,000 illegal immigrants from Guatemala were living in the United States.

In 2019, California had the highest population of unauthorized immigrants, at around **** million. The overall figure for the United States was estimated to be around ***** million unauthorized immigrants.

The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) Border Crossing Data provide summary statistics for inbound crossings at the U.S.-Canada and the U.S.-Mexico border at the port level. Data are available for trucks, trains, containers, buses, personal vehicles, passengers, and pedestrians. Border crossing data are collected at ports of entry by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). The data reflect the number of vehicles, containers, passengers or pedestrians entering the United States. CBP does not collect comparable data on outbound crossings. Users seeking data on outbound counts may therefore want to review data from individual bridge operators, border state governments, or the Mexican and Canadian governments.

Acknowledgement

The following table is imported from the 2019 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics under the Department of Homeland Security:

The 2019 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics is a compendium of tables that provide data on foreign nationals who are granted lawful permanent residence (i.e., immigrants who receive a “green card”), admitted as temporary nonimmigrants, granted asylum or refugee status, or are naturalized. The Yearbook also presents data on immigration enforcement actions, including apprehensions and arrests, removals, and returns.

Table 39. Aliens Removed or Returned: Fiscal Years 1892 to 2019 (https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2019/table39)

Inspiration

The data was collected to observe trends in history reflecting the number of immigrants deported - more specifically removed or returned.

Graph and download economic data for Employment Level - Foreign Born (LNU02073395) from Jan 2007 to Aug 2025 about foreign, household survey, employment, and USA.

According to a survey conducted early in 2025, the vast majority of Americans agreed that all immigrants living in the U.S. illegally who have been convicted of a violent crime should be deported. Only *** percent opposed. However, only ** percent of respondents were in favor of deporting all immigrants in the U.S. illegally who have not been convicted of a crime.

Graph and download economic data for Net migration for the United States (SMPOPNETMUSA) from 1962 to 2017 about migration, Net, 5-year, population, and USA.

In 2022, the greatest number of illegal aliens returned in the United States were from the Philippines, with ****** illegal aliens returned. India, Canada, China, and Russia rounded out the top five in that year.

In 2022, the greatest number of illegal aliens apprehended in the United States were from Mexico, with ******* illegal aliens apprehended. Guatemala, Cuba, Honduras, and Venezuela rounded out the top five in that year.

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Visa Overstays Among Uzbek Participants in the Summer Work and Travel (SWT) ProgramThis dataset was gathered for a project investigating the determinants of visa overstays among Uzbek undergraduate alumni of the U.S. Summer Work and Travel (SWT) Program. The SWT is a short-term cultural exchange program that requires participants to leave the United States once their visa expires. Overstaying a visa beyond this time limit is illegal immigration. This study uses survey responses from Uzbek SWT alumni to identify the elements that influence overstay decisions. The survey contains data on students' demographics, prior travel experience, social networks, past Summer Work and Travel experience, education, and financial background.Data Collection Methodology- Survey Design: A structured online questionnaire was developed based on variables identified in the literature on migration, student mobility, and illegal immigration. Questions were reviewed for ethical compliance, objectivity, and avoidance of sensitive/privacy risks under supervisor guidance.- Sampling: Snowball sampling was employed via social media (Instagram, Telegram, Facebook) to reach Uzbek SWT alumni. Proactive outreach was made to networks and potential connections who took part in the SWT program, including individuals who might have overstayed.- Timeframe: Data collection took over 4 months.- Total Respondents: 122 Uzbek SWT alumni.- Visa Overstayers - those who are currently present in the USA: 41 participants (34.4% of the sample).- Returned Participants: 81 participants (returned post-program).Data Processing- Data is fully cleaned and coded (e.g., categorical variables are standardized, and missing values are addressed).- Regional/University identifiers are anonymized where necessary to protect participant privacy.Ethical & Validity Assurance- Ethical Compliance: The questionnaire was screened to eliminate leading questions, personal identifiers, or psychological risks; Approved by WIUT`s Research Ethics Panel.- Validity: Measures derived from established literature and peer-evaluated constructs.- Reliability: Configural invariance tests confirmed consistent measurement across respondent groups.Do file that contains all the research codes is also included to validate the results of this study.

Descriptive statistics comparing years before and after Secure Communities.

Significantly more men were apprehended by the United States Border Patrol than women in the the fiscal year of 2020. Nationwide, ******* men were apprehended by Border Patrol in that year, compared to ****** women who were apprehended.