Migration Summary (2011-2020) Infographic to be embedded in 2022 BBTN Migration Story Map. Data for maps and tables was retrieved from: Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division Migration Data, 2011 - 2020.

Net migration for the United States was 4774029.00000 People in January of 2017, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Net migration for the United States reached a record high of 8859954.00000 in January of 1997 and a record low of 1556054.00000 in January of 1967. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Net migration for the United States - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Family trees contain information on individuals such as birth and death places and years, and kinship ties, e.g., parent-child, spouse, and sibling relationships. Such information makes it possible to construct population-scale trees and study population dynamics and migration over many generations and far into the past. Despite the recent advances, existing spatial and temporal abstraction techniques for space-time flow data have limitations due to the lack of knowledge about the effects of temporal partitioning on flow patterns and their visualization. In this study, we extract state-to-state migration patterns over a period between 1789 and 1924 from a set of cleaned, geocoded and connected family trees from Rootsweb.com. We use the child ladder approach, one that captures changes in family locations by comparing birthplaces and birthyears of consecutive siblings. Our study has two major contributions. First, we introduce a methodology to reveal patterns and trends for analyzing and mapping of migration across space and time using a family tree dataset. Specifically, we evaluate a series of temporal partitioning methods to capture how changes in temporal partitioning influence the results of patterns and trends. Second, we visualize longitudinal population mobility in the US using time-series flow maps. This is one of the first studies to uncover dynamic migration patterns on a larger spatial and temporal scale, than the more typical micro studies of individual movement. Our findings are reflective of the migration patterns of European descendants in the U.S., while native Americans, Blacks, Mexican populations are not represented in the data. [KC1]

[KC1]Need to discuss about this more in limitations, and maybe put in in the abstract and/or introduction. Since this is a methodological paper to map migration from trees, I don’t think we need to add this in the title.

Since 2014, more than 9,700 persons have lost their lives or gone missing in the Americas trying to migrate. The U.S.-Mexico border is the most deadly route, as 5,420 migrants have been recorded dead or missing trying to cross it. The real figures of deaths and missing are expected to be considerably higher, as the source warns about the difficulties and challenges of collecting this data, especially in Mexico, the Darien Gap, and maritime routes.

Author: K Mayberry, educator, Minnesota Alliance for Geographic EducationGrade/Audience: grade 8, high schoolResource type: lessonSubject topic(s): migration, maps, historyRegion: united statesStandards: Minnesota Social Studies Standards

Standard 2. Geographic inquiry is a process in which people ask geographic questions and gather, organize and analyze information to solve problems and plan for the future.

Standard 5. The characteristics, distribution and migration of human populations on the earth’s surface influence human systems (cultural, economic and political systems).

Standard 7. The characteristics, distribution and complexity of the earth’s cultures influence human systems (social, economic and political systems).

Standard 14. Globalization, the spread of capitalism and the end of the Cold War have shaped a contemporary world still characterized by rapid technological change, dramatic increases in global population and economic growth coupled with persistent economic and social disparities and cultural conflict. (The New Global Era: 1989 to Present)

Standard 8. Processes of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of the earth’s surface. Objectives: Students will be able to:

1. Read and analyze maps.
2. Use evidence, including maps and readings, to explain the background to and causes of the Somalia civil war.
3. Use evidence, including oral interviews and readings, to explain why many Somalis migrated to Minnesota in a reflection essay.Summary: Minnesota currently has the highest percentage of Somali people in the U.S., and the vast majority of the students that I teach are of Somali descent. It is important for Somali-Americans to know their own history. With this in mind, students will complete a guided inquiry lesson using maps, primary sources, and secondary sources to answer the question: Why did so many people migrate from Somalia to Minnesota? This question is multifaceted. First, students need to understand the background to the Somalia conflict. Next, they need to understand why many Somalis chose Minnesota as their newest home.

A web mapping application displaying net migration at the county level for the United States over ten years (2011-2020). Data for this map was sourced from the Internal Revenue Service.

Mule deer within the Clarks Fork herd make a number of significant westward long-distance migrations. These migrations originate north of Cody, near Heart Mountain and along the foothills of Absaroka Front. There, deer winter in the lower elevation sagebrush valleys, and in spring an estimated 2,700 deer head west into the high elevation mountain valleys of the Absaroka Range and Yellowstone National Park. This herd summers along the Lamar River, Cache Creek, and the Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone. The longest migration is 68 miles and ends just north of Yellowstone Lake along the Yellowstone River in the Hayden Valley. These challenging journeys, an average of 38 miles long, cross rugged terrain and steep mountain passes such as those at the head of Sunlight Creek at 11,400 feet in elevation. Deer must also navigate human-created obstacles such as fences and the Beartooth Highway (US Highway 212). These data provide the location of migration routes for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Clarks Fork population in Wyoming. They were developed from Brownian bridge movement models using 79 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 29 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 2-8 hours.

The Pacific mule deer herd inhabits 353 square miles (mi2; 914 square kilometers [km2]) of public and private lands in Placer and El Dorado counties in California, including the Eldorado National Forest as well as private lands owned by Sierra Pacific Industry and Sacramento Municipal Utility District. During fall migration, Pacific mule deer move approximately 19 mi (30 km) to the foothills of the western Sierra Nevada Mountains, using stopovers in route to their summer range (figure XXX). U.S. Highway 50 and the Middle Fork American River bound the herd’s migration routes on the south and north, respectively. During winter, the migratory portion of the population intersperses with resident deer at lower elevations (2,296–2,953 ft [700–900 m]). The Pacific mule deer herd has been declining for decades because of several factors, including predation, recreation, poaching, disease, and fire suppression. Recent studies indicate a below-average adult survival rate of 77 percent for this herd (Merrell and others, 2023). In 2014, the King fire, a severe wildfire, burned 151 mi2 (390 km²) across much of the mid-elevational area between September and October. Plant succession following the fire modified the way mule deer use the area; does now remain in these recently-burned areas during winter months (Merrell and others, 2023). These mapping layers show the _location of the migration routes for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Pacific population in California. They were developed from 149 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 43 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 1-13 hours.

The Lake De Smet mule deer herd is one of three subgroups in the larger Powder River herd unit in north-central Wyoming, and they represent the only known migratory segment of the Powder River herd unit (Sawyer and Telander, 2023). Sixty-four percent of the GPS-collared Lake De Smet mule deer migrate 15–20 mi (24–32 km) seasonally from winter ranges to the southeast of U.S. Highway 16 to summer ranges in the rolling foothills to the north of Lake De Smet and Piney Creek (fig. 27). During their migration, these mule deer have to cross U.S. Highway 16, two Wyoming county roads, and many fences. Interstate 90 effectively creates a barrier for the herd and limits summer mule deer movements to the northwest. Irrigated hay meadows and other agricultural fields are common and interspersed among the rolling foothills and sagebrush draws. White-tailed deer are also abundant in the region and may explain the high prevalence and associated mortality with CWD in the Lake De Smet mule deer herd (Sawyer and Telander, 2023). Together, CWD and WVC along U.S. Highway 16 represent the leading causes of mortality for this mule deer herd (Sawyer and Telander, 2023). These mapping layers show the _location of the migration routes for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Lake De Smet population in Wyoming. They were developed from 79 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 30 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 2 hours.

Since 2014, the most common known cause of death for migrants in transit in the Americas has been drowning, followed by vehicle accidents or deaths liked to hazardous transport. The U.S.-Mexico border is the most deadly route, as ***** migrants have been recorded dead or missing trying to cross it. The real figures of deaths and missing people are expected to be considerably higher, as the source warns about the difficulties and challenges of collecting this data, especially in Mexico, the Darien Gap, and maritime routes.

This line chart displays net migration (people) by date using the aggregation sum in the United States. The data is about countries per year.

The migration of birds plays a crucial role in connecting different ecosystems, facilitating the spread of diverse pathogens, which poses a significant threat to public health. At present, the realtime monitoring of bird migration is growing. However, the extent of connectivity between migratory areas of birds remains uncertain. Herein, we conducted a systematic review of Chinese and English literature published between 1990 and 2024 to extract spatiotemporal information on various bird species, which allowed us to identify migration times, breeding grounds, non-breeding grounds, and flyover areas of them at a subnational level, resulting in the creation of a global dataset of bird migration networks encompassing 93,401 geo-referenced records. These records cover 267 bird species and their 10,993 migratory routes across 170 countries or territories. Our dataset provides a overview of the global distribution of bird migrations across different species, revealing the geographical patterns of diverse migration routes. This facilitates further investigations into the underlying drivers of bird migration, as well as alterations in migration routes and their impacts on ecosystems.

According to figures recently released by the United States Census, America’s largest metro areas are currently gaining population at impressive rates. The growth in these areas is in fact driving much of the population growth across the nation. Upon closer examination of the data, this growth is the result of two very different migrations – one coming from the location choices of Americans themselves, the other shaped by where new immigrants from outside the United States are heading.While many metro areas are attracting a net-inflow of migrants from other parts of the country, in several of the largest metros – New York, Los Angeles., and Miami, especially – there is actually a net outflow of Americans to the rest of the country. Immigration is driving population growth in these places. Sunbelt metros like Houston, Dallas, and Phoenix, and knowledge hubs like Austin, Seattle, San Francisco, and the District of Columbia are gaining much more from domestic migration.This map charts overall or net migration – a combination of domestic and international migration. Most large metros, those with at least a million residents, had more people coming in than leaving. The metros with the highest levels of population growth due to migration are a mix of knowledge-based economies and Sunbelt metros, including Houston, Dallas, Miami, District of Columbia, San Francisco, Seattle, and Austin. Eleven large metros, nearly all in or near the Rustbelt, had a net outflow of migrants, including Chicago, Detroit, Memphis, Philadelphia, and Saint Louis.Source: Atlantic Cities

Mule deer within the Dubois herd make several long-distance migrations into the heart of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (fig. 26). These migrations originate from winter range in the warm, protected sagebrush valley surrounding Dubois, Wyoming, and extend to the southeast on the Wind River Reservation. Each spring, an estimated 6,000–7,000 deer leave this valley and the Reservation and migrate northwest. These journeys, averaging 44 mi one way, begin as deer ascend Togwotee Pass (9,658 ft [m 2,944] in elevation). From there, they cross challenging natural terrain with high mountain passes and disperse into the north Wind River Range, Gros Ventre Range, Absaroka Range, Grand Teton National Park, and deep into Yellowstone National Park. The longest migration is 105 mi (169 km) and ends in Yellowstone National Park. This deer herd encounters a number of challenges related to human activity such as housing developments on the outskirts of Dubois, roads, and fences. Deer-vehicle collisions along U.S. Highway 287/U.S. Route 26 are a particular concern and a priority for mitigation measures that reduce deer mortality and improve motorist safety. These data provide the location of migration routes for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Dubois herd in Wyoming. They were developed from Brownian bridge movement models using 108 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 41 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 2-8 hours.

United States - Net migration for Low Income Countries was -3777274.00000 People in January of 2017, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Net migration for Low Income Countries reached a record high of 1652477.00000 in January of 1992 and a record low of -7287436.00000 in January of 2012. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Net migration for Low Income Countries - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

The project lead for the collection of this data was Tom Stephenson. Mule deer (130 adult females) from the Casa Diablo herd were captured and equipped with store-onboard GPS collars (Lotek Pinnacle Pro and Vectronic Survey), transmitting data from 2014-2023. Casa Diablo mule deer are largely traditional migrants, with a winter range stretching between the Benton Range and eastern Inyo National Forest. For summer, individuals move west using a wide range of pathways; however, a concentrated movement corridor passes through Long Valley, across U.S. Highway 395, and into the high mountain Sierra Nevada range. Most deer do not cross into Yosemite National Park. Summer range exists on both sides of U.S. Highway 395, which is a known hotspot for deer-vehicle collisions. Migrants vary in their movements from shorter (4 km) to longer (80 km) distances.GPS locations were fixed between 1-24 hour intervals in the dataset. To improve the quality of the data set as per Bjørneraas et al. (2010), the GPS data were filtered prior to analysis to remove locations which were: i) further from either the previous point or subsequent point than an individual deer is able to travel in the elapsed time, ii) forming spikes in the movement trajectory based on outgoing and incoming speeds and turning angles sharper than a predefined threshold , or iii) fixed in 2D space and visually assessed as a bad fix by the analyst. The methodology used for this migration analysis allowed for the mapping of winter ranges and the identification and prioritization of migration corridors. Brownian Bridge Movement Models (BBMMs; Sawyer et al. 2009) were constructed with GPS collar data from 101 migrating deer, including 445 migration sequences, location, date, time, and average location error as inputs in Migration Mapper. The dataset was divided into two overlapping subgroups based on winter range location (i.e., north, central) and analyzed separately, but visualized together as a final product. The averag

From 1820 to 2013, 79 million people obtained lawful permanent resident status in the United States. This month’s Map of the Month visualizes all of them based on their prior country of residence. The brightness of a country corresponds to its total migration to the U.S. at the given time. 1 dot = 10,000 people.Source: Metrocosm - Here's Everyone Who's Immigrated to the United States Since 1820 (includes animation showing immigration sources over time) - https://metrocosm.com/animated-immigration-map

The North of Interstate 40 Pronghorn herd primarily resides in Arizona’s Game Management Unit (GMU) 7. GMU 7 had an estimated population of 550 pronghorn in 2019. The Pronghorn North of Interstate 40 summer in high elevation open meadows and ponderosa pine habitat near Government Prairie. When winter conditions set in the pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) seek lower elevations, migrating through mixed pinyon-juniper woodlands to open grassland and shrub habitats north of Sitgreaves Mountain, often crossing US Highway 180 (US-180) towards Antelope Flat. US-180 is an increasing threat to this migration corridor as traffic volumes rise. However, right-of-way fence improvements and relatively low traffic volumes on US-180 currently allow some degree of permeability across this highway. Additionally, encroaching pinyon-juniper woodlands are a threat to open grassland habitat within both summer and winter range. These data provide the location of migration routes for American pronghorn from the North of Interstate 40 Herd in Arizona. They were developed from 65 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 16 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 2 hours.

Virgin Islands, U.S. - Net migration for the Virgin Islands of the United States was -2254.00000 People in January of 2017, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Virgin Islands, U.S. - Net migration for the Virgin Islands of the United States reached a record high of 10270.00000 in January of 1962 and a record low of -11156.00000 in January of 1987. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Virgin Islands, U.S. - Net migration for the Virgin Islands of the United States - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on June of 2025.

We present a comprehensive assessment of genomic diversity in the African-American population by studying three genotyped cohorts comprising 3,726 African-Americans from across the United States that provide a representative description of the population across all US states and socioeconomic status. An estimated 82.1% of ancestors to African-Americans lived in Africa prior to the advent of transatlantic travel, 16.7% in Europe, and 1.2% in the Americas, with increased African ancestry in the southern United States compared to the North and West. Combining demographic models of ancestry and those of relatedness suggests that admixture occurred predominantly in the South prior to the Civil War and that ancestry-biased migration is responsible for regional differences in ancestry. We find that recent migrations also caused a strong increase in genetic relatedness among geographically distant African-Americans. Long-range relatedness among African-Americans and between African-Americans and European-Americans thus track north- and west-bound migration routes followed during the Great Migration of the twentieth century. By contrast, short-range relatedness patterns suggest comparable mobility of ∼15–16km per generation for African-Americans and European-Americans, as estimated using a novel analytical model of isolation-by-distance.