The 10-year treasury constant maturity rate in the U.S. is forecast to decline by 0.8 percent by 2026, while the 30-year fixed mortgage rate is expected to fall by 1.6 percent. From seven percent in the third quarter of 2023, the average 30-year mortgage rate is projected to reach 5.4 percent in 2026.

The U.S. mortgage market has declined notably since 2020 and 2021, mostly due to the effect of higher borrowing costs on refinance mortgages. The value of refinancing mortgage originations, amounted to 86 billion U.S. dollars in the first quarter of 2024, down from a peak of 851 billion U.S. dollars in the fourth quarter of 2020. The value of mortgage loans for the purchase of a property recorded milder fluctuations, with a value of 291 billion U.S. dollars in the first quarter of 2024, and a market peak of 477 billion U.S. dollars in the first quarter of 2022. According to the forecast, mortgage lending is expected to slightly increase until the end of 2025. The cost of mortgage borrowing in the U.S. Mortgage interest rates in the U.S. rose dramatically in 2022 and continued to increase in 2023. In 2020, a homebuyer could lock in a 30-year fixed interest rate of under three percent, whereas in 2023, the average rate for the same mortgage type exceeded seven percent. That has led to a decline in homebuyer sentiment, and an increasing share of the population pessimistic about buying a home in the current market. The effect of a slower housing market on property prices and rents According to the S&P/Case Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index, housing prices experienced a slight correction in early 2023, as property transactions declined. Nevertheless, the index continued to grow in the following months. On the other hand, residential rents have increased steadily since 2000.

Policy interest rates in the U.S. and Europe are forecasted to decrease gradually between 2024 and 2027, following exceptional increases triggered by soaring inflation between 2021 and 2023. The U.S. federal funds rate stood at 5.38 percent at the end of 2023, the European Central Bank deposit rate at four percent, and the Swiss National Bank policy rate at 1.75 percent. With inflationary pressures stabilizing, policy interest rates are forecast to decrease in each observed region. The U.S. federal funds rate is expected to decrease to 3.5 percent, the ECB refi rate to 2.65 percent, the Bank of England bank rate to 3.33 percent, and the Swiss National Bank policy rate to 0.75 percent by 2025. An interesting aspect to note is the impact of these interest rate changes on various economic factors such as growth, employment, and inflation. The impact of central bank policy rates The U.S. federal funds effective rate, crucial in determining the interest rate paid by depository institutions, experienced drastic changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The subsequent slight changes in the effective rate reflected the efforts to stimulate the economy and manage economic factors such as inflation. Such fluctuations in the federal funds rate have had a significant impact on the overall economy. The European Central Bank's decision to cut its fixed interest rate in June 2024 for the first time since 2016 marked a significant shift in attitude towards economic conditions. The reasons behind the fluctuations in the ECB's interest rate reflect its mandate to ensure price stability and manage inflation, shedding light on the complex interplay between interest rates and economic factors. Inflation and real interest rates The relationship between inflation and interest rates is critical in understanding the actions of central banks. Central banks' efforts to manage inflation through interest rate adjustments reveal the intricate balance between economic growth and inflation. Additionally, the concept of real interest rates, adjusted for inflation, provides valuable insights into the impact of inflation on the economy.

This dataset provides values for 30 YEAR MORTGAGE RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

The benchmark interest rate in Sweden was last recorded at 2.25 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Sweden Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The U.S. bank prime loan rate has undergone significant fluctuations over the past three decades, reflecting broader economic trends and monetary policy decisions. From a high of 10.1 percent in 1990, the rate has seen periods of decline, stability, and recent increases. As of February 2025, the prime rate stood at 7.5 percent, marking a notable rise from the historic lows seen in the early 2020s. Federal Reserve's impact on lending rates The prime rate's trajectory closely mirrors changes in the federal funds rate, which serves as a key benchmark for the U.S. financial system. In 2023, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of rate hikes, pushing the federal funds target range to 5.25-5.5 percent by year-end. This aggressive monetary tightening was aimed at combating rising inflation, and its effects rippled through various lending rates, including the prime rate. Long-term investment outlook While short-term rates have risen, long-term investment yields have also seen changes. The 10-year U.S. Treasury bond, a benchmark for long-term interest rates, showed an average market yield of 2.13 percent in the second quarter of 2024, adjusted for constant maturity and inflation. This figure represents a recovery from negative real returns seen in 2021, reflecting shifting expectations for economic growth and inflation. The evolving yield environment has implications for both borrowers and investors, influencing decisions across the financial landscape.

This dataset provides values for MORTGAGE RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

In January 2025, global inflation rates and central bank interest rates showed significant variation across major economies. Most economies initiated interest rate cuts from mid-2024 due to declining inflationary pressures. The U.S., UK, and EU central banks followed a consistent pattern of regular rate reductions throughout late 2024. In early 2025, Russia maintained the highest interest rate at 21 percent, while Japan retained the lowest at 0.5 percent. Varied inflation rates across major economies The inflation landscape varies considerably among major economies. China had the lowest inflation rate at 0.5 percent in January 2025. In contrast, Russia maintained a high inflation rate of 9.9 percent. These figures align with broader trends observed in early 2025, where China had the lowest inflation rate among major developed and emerging economies, while Russia's rate remained the highest. Central bank responses and economic indicators Central banks globally implemented aggressive rate hikes throughout 2022-23 to combat inflation. The European Central Bank exemplified this trend, raising rates from 0 percent in January 2022 to 4.5 percent by September 2023. A coordinated shift among major central banks began in mid-2024, with the ECB, Bank of England, and Federal Reserve initiating rate cuts, with forecasts suggesting further cuts through 2025 and 2026.

The benchmark interest rate in Japan was last recorded at 0.50 percent. This dataset provides - Japan Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

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US Residential Construction Market Size 2025-2029

The residential construction market size in the US is forecast to increase by USD 242.9 million at a CAGR of 4.5% between 2024 and 2029.

The residential construction market is experiencing significant growth, driven by several key factors. Firstly, the increasing household formation rates in the US continue to fuel demand for new housing units. Secondly, there is a rising focus on sustainability in residential construction projects, with homebuilders increasingly adopting energy-efficient and eco-friendly building materials and practices.
However, the market also faces challenges, including a shortage of skilled labor for large-scale residential real estate projects, which can impact project timelines and budgets. These trends and challenges are shaping the future of the residential construction industry in the US.

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The residential construction market is experiencing a significant shift as the affordable housing trend gains momentum. The Federal Reserve's decision to keep the federal funds rate low has contributed to a decrease in mortgage rates, making it an opportune time for home buyers to enter the market. However, the housing supply remains a concern, with construction spending in the residential investment sector showing only modest growth. The labor market's current state is another factor influencing the residential construction industry. With a low unemployment rate, there is a high demand for labor, leading to increased wages and, in turn, higher construction costs.
Inflation also poses a challenge, as it erodes the purchasing power of home buyers and builders alike. The economy's overall health plays a crucial role in the residential construction market's dynamics. A strong economy typically leads to increased demand for new homes, as evidenced by the double-digit growth in housing starts and building permits for single-family homes. However, a recession can lead to a significant decrease in construction activity, as seen in the cancellation rate of housing projects. The Federal Reserve's interest rate decisions, inflation, and the economy's health all impact the residential construction market. Affordable housing programs, such as housing choice vouchers and fair housing programs, play a vital role in ensuring access to housing for a broader population. The construction sectors must navigate these market dynamics to remain competitive and meet the demand for new homes.
The US residential construction market is seeing significant shifts, driven by various housing market trends. Sustainable homebuilding practices are gaining momentum, with a focus on energy-efficient homes and green building materials. Modular construction and prefab housing are becoming increasingly popular for their cost-effective and timely solutions. Urban redevelopment projects are revitalizing city areas, while suburban expansion is fueling demand for new homes. Affordable housing projects are crucial in addressing housing shortages, and real estate investment continues to thrive in these sectors. Smart home integration is also on the rise, with luxury home construction embracing high-tech features. The impact of mortgage rates, coupled with multifamily housing growth and home renovation demand, adds complexity to the market's dynamics.

How is this market segmented and which is the largest segment?

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Product

  Apartments and condominiums
  Villas
  Other types


Type

  New construction
  Renovation


Application

  Single family
  Multi-family


Geography

  US

By Product Insights

The apartments and condominiums segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The residential construction market in the US is experiencing growth in the apartment and condominium sectors, driven by shifting preferences and lifestyle choices. Urbanization is a significant factor fueling this trend, as more individuals opt for the conveniences and amenities offered in urban areas. As a result, developers are constructing modern, sustainable, and community-focused living spaces in the form of high-rise apartment buildings and condominium complexes. These structures cater to various demographics, including intergenerational groups and younger generations, reflecting diverse living circumstances. The labor economy and vaccination rates have also contributed to the continued activity in the residential sector, allowing for steady progress in construction projects. While the non-residential sector has faced challenges, the residential sector remains a vi

Graph and download economic data for 30-Year Fixed Rate FHA Mortgage Index (OBMMIFHA30YF) from 2017-01-03 to 2025-03-24 about FHA, 30-year, fixed, mortgage, rate, indexes, and USA.

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Home Equity Lending Market Size 2025-2029

The home equity lending market size is forecast to increase by USD 48.16 billion at a CAGR of 4.7% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to several key trends. One major factor driving market expansion is the massive increase in home prices, which has resulted in homeowners having more equity in their properties. Another trend is the rise in residential property values, leading to an increase in the number of homeowners with sufficient equity to access loans or lines of credit, with property management and digital lending playing a significant role in facilitating these transactions.
However, the lengthy procedures involved in securing these loans can present challenges for both lenders and borrowers. Despite this, the benefits of lending, such as lower interest rates compared to other types of debt, make it an attractive option for many consumers looking to finance home improvements, debt consolidation, or other major expenses. Overall, the market is poised for continued growth in the coming years.

What will be the Size of the Home Equity Lending Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market in the United States has experienced significant growth, driven by the increasing collateral value of residential real estate and the resulting equity available to borrowers. Monetary authorities' efforts to keep inflation in check and stable housing prices have contributed to this trend. Homeowners have utilized loans and lines of credit to fund various expenses, including home improvements, tax deductions, and debt consolidation.



The interest rate on these loans often remains competitive with other forms of borrowing, making them an attractive option for many. Banks and credit unions are the primary providers of these loans, offering borrowers the ability to access a lump sum amount or a revolving line of credit secured against their residence and property. Regulatory restrictions on high-interest debt and outstanding mortgages may impact the market's growth, but the demand for loans is expected to remain strong as homeowners continue to seek ways to access the value of their homes.

How is this Home Equity Lending Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The home equity lending industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Source

  Mortgage and credit union
  Commercial banks
  Others


Distribution Channel

  Offline
  Online


Geography

  North America

    Canada
    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK
    France


  APAC

    China
    Japan
    South Korea


  South America



  Middle East and Africa

By Source Insights

The mortgage and credit union segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Home equity lending is a financing solution for homeowners looking to access the value of their property. Mortgage and credit unions serve as trusted providers in this market, offering various financial services including loans and lines of credit. These institutions not only offer consumer loans but also manage deposits, handle checking and savings accounts, disburse credit and debit cards, and grant house loans. Credit unions, in particular, provide personalized services with live representatives, ensuring a human touch in understanding complex financial matters.

Homeowners can secure competitive rates on loans through credit unions, making them a preferred choice over other lenders. With a strong focus on consumer protection and affordability, mortgage and credit unions are an excellent option for homeowners seeking to tap into their for renovation projects or other financial needs.

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The mortgage and credit union segment was valued at USD 82.39 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

North America is estimated to contribute 47% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.

Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

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The market in North America experienced notable growth in 2024, driven by the increase in home values and fewer regulations. Homeowners in Canada have been utilizing their properties as collateral for loans, with residential mortgages accounting for 74% of household debt and lines of credit for 16%. The balance of Lines of Credit (HELOC) rose by 1% to USD 128 billion in February 2022.

This dataset provides values for INTEREST RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

The number of home sales in the United States peaked in 2021 at almost seven million after steadily rising since 2018. Nevertheless, the market contracted in the following year, with transaction volumes falling to 4.8 million. Home sales remained muted in 2024, with a mild increase expected in 2025 and 2026. A major factor driving this trend is the unprecedented increase in mortgage interest rates due to high inflation. How have U.S. home prices developed over time? The average sales price of new homes has also been rising since 2011. Buyer confidence seems to have recovered after the property crash, which has increased demand for homes and also the prices sellers are demanding for homes. At the same time, the affordability of U.S. homes has decreased. Both the number of existing and newly built homes sold has declined since the housing market boom during the coronavirus pandemic. Challenges in housing supply The number of housing units in the U.S. rose steadily between 1975 and 2005 but has remained fairly stable since then. Construction increased notably in the 1990s and early 2000s, with the number of construction starts steadily rising, before plummeting amid the infamous housing market crash. Housing starts slowly started to pick up in 2011, mirroring the economic recovery. In 2022, the supply of newly built homes plummeted again, as supply chain challenges following the COVID-19 pandemic and tariffs on essential construction materials such as steel and lumber led to prices soaring.

Graph and download economic data for FOMC Summary of Economic Projections for the Fed Funds Rate, Median (FEDTARMD) from 2025 to 2027 about projection, federal, median, rate, and USA.

Car loan interest rates in the United States decreased since June 2024. Thus, the period of rapidly rising interest rates, when they increased from less than four percent in February 2022 to 7.9 percent two years later, has come to an end. The Federal Reserve interest rate is one of the main causes of the interest rates of loans rising or falling. If inflation stays under control, the Federal Reserve will start cutting the interest rates, which would have the effect of the cost of car loans falling too. How many cars have financing in the United States? Car financing exists because not everyone who wants or needs a car can purchase it outright. A financial institution will then lend the money to the customer for purchasing the car, which must then be repaid with interest. Most new vehicles in the United States in 2024 were purchased using car loans. It is not as common to use car loans for purchasing used vehicles as for new ones, although over a third of used vehicles were purchased using loans. The car industry in the United States The car financing business is huge in the United States, due to the high sales of both new and used vehicles in the country. A lot of the United States is very car-centric, which means that, outside large cities, it can often be difficult to do their daily commutes through other transportation methods. In fact, only a small percentage of U.S. workers used public transport to go to work. That is one of the factors that has helped establish the importance of the automotive sector in North America. Nevertheless, there are still countries in Asia-Pacific, Africa, the Middle East, and Europe with higher car-ownership rates than the United States.

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Personal Loans Market Size 2025-2029

The personal loans market size is forecast to increase by USD 803.4 billion, at a CAGR of 15.2% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is witnessing significant growth, driven by the adoption of advanced technologies in loan processing and the rise in the use of cloud-based personal loan servicing software offerings. These technological advancements enable faster loan processing, improved customer experience, and enhanced security. However, the market faces challenges related to regulatory compliance, with increasing regulations and scrutiny from regulatory bodies. Lenders must ensure they adhere to these regulations to maintain trust and transparency with their customers. Digitalization, including cloud computing, chatbots, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence, has transformed the market. Additionally, the market is witnessing an increase in competition, with new players entering the market and existing players offering innovative products to attract customers. Overall, the market is expected to continue its growth trajectory, driven by technological advancements and the need for flexible financing solutions.

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The market encompasses short-term financing solutions designed for individuals to meet their various financial needs. Employment status and credit history significantly influence borrowing limits and interest rates in this sector. Traditional balance sheet lending institutions, such as credit unions, have long dominated the market, but online loan providers have gained traction due to quick lending processes and digitalized business operations. Interest rates and borrowing limits continue to be key market drivers, with competitive insights from credit unions and online providers shaping the landscape. Employment instability and economic uncertainty have increased demand for personal loans, particularly among those with less-than-ideal credit histories.
Digitalization, including cloud computing, chatbots, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence, have transformed the market. These technologies streamline loan assessments, enabling faster approval processes and more personalized customer experiences. However, the rise of digital credit platforms also presents challenges, such as increased competition, potential bad debts, and penalties for late payments. Collateral is less common in personal loans compared to other types of loans, but awareness of digitalization and automation continues to grow. Credit cards serve as a competitive alternative for some consumers, but personal loans offer more flexibility and potentially lower interest rates for larger borrowing needs.

How is this Personal Loans Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The personal loans industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Application

  Short term loans
  Medium term loans
  Long term loans


Type

  P2P marketplace lending
  Balance sheet lending


Channel

  Banks
  Credit union
  Online lenders


Geography

  North America

    Canada
    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK
    France
    Italy


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Middle East and Africa

By Application Insights

The short term loans segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Personal loans have gained popularity as a flexible financing solution for individuals, particularly In the form of short-term loans. These loans cater to urgent needs, such as medical emergencies or car repairs, offering quick access to funds with shorter repayment periods, typically within a year. Unlike home or gold loans, personal loans do not require collateral, making them an accessible option for borrowers. Employment status, credit history, and borrowing limits are key factors in determining eligibility and loan amounts. The market is undergoing digital transformation, with cloud computing, chatbots, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence streamlining business operations. Fintech companies and online loan providers are disrupting traditional financial institutions, such as banks and credit unions, by offering instantaneous loan approvals and digital credit platforms.

However, challenges persist, including regulatory compliance, competition, and managing bad debts and penalties. In the competitive environment, Zopa, Startups, and other fintech companies are leveraging automation, AI technology, and credit history assessments to provide personalized loan solutions. Economic uncertainty and the increasing use of the Internet of Things have heightened aware

Snapshot img

Real Estate Market Size 2025-2029

The real estate market size is forecast to increase by USD 1,258.6 billion at a CAGR of 5.6% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant shifts and innovations, with both residential and commercial sectors adapting to new trends and challenges. In the commercial realm, e-commerce growth is driving the demand for logistics and distribution centers, while virtual reality technology is revolutionizing property viewings. Europe's commercial real estate sector is witnessing a rise in smart city development, incorporating LED lighting and data centers to enhance sustainability and efficiency. In the residential sector, wellness real estate is gaining popularity, focusing on health and well-being. Real estate software and advertising services are essential tools for asset management, streamlining operations, and reaching potential buyers. Regulatory uncertainty remains a challenge, but innovation in construction technologies, such as generators and renewable energy solutions, is helping mitigate risks.

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The market continues to exhibit strong activity, driven by rising population growth and increasing demand for personal household space. Both residential and commercial sectors have experienced a rebound in home sales and leasing activity. The trend towards live-streaming rooms and remote work has further fueled demand for housing and commercial real estate. Economic conditions and local market dynamics influence the direction of the market, with interest rates playing a significant role in investment decisions. Fully furnished, semi-furnished, and unfurnished properties, as well as rental properties, remain popular options for buyers and tenants. Offline transactions continue to dominate, but online transactions are gaining traction.
The market encompasses a diverse range of assets, including land, improvements, buildings, fixtures, roads, structures, utility systems, and undeveloped property. Vacant land and undeveloped property present opportunities for investors, while the construction and development of new housing and commercial projects contribute to the market's overall growth.

How is this Real Estate Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Residential
  Commercial
  Industrial


Business Segment

  Rental
  Sales


Manufacturing Type

  New construction
  Renovation and redevelopment
  Land development


Geography

  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  North America

    Canada
    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK


  South America

    Brazil


  Middle East and Africa

By Type Insights

The residential segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market encompasses the buying and selling of properties designed for dwelling purposes, including buildings, single-family homes, apartments, townhouses, and more. Factors fueling growth in this sector include the increasing homeownership rate among millennials and urbanization trends. The Asia Pacific region, specifically China, dominates the market due to escalating homeownership rates. In India, the demand for affordable housing is a major driver, with initiatives like Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) spurring the development of affordable housing projects catering to the needs of lower and middle-income groups. The commercial real estate segment, consisting of office buildings, shopping malls, hotels, and other commercial properties, is also experiencing growth.

Furthermore, economic and local market conditions, interest rates, and investment opportunities in fully furnished, semi-furnished, unfurnished properties, and rental properties influence the market dynamics. Technological integration, infrastructure development, and construction projects further shape the real estate landscape. Key sectors like transportation, logistics, agriculture, and the e-commerce sector also impact the market.

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The Residential segment was valued at USD 1440.30 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

APAC is estimated to contribute 64% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.

Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

For more insights on the market share of various regions, Request Free Sample

The Asia Pacific region holds the largest share of The market, dr

The benchmark interest rate in Brazil was last recorded at 14.25 percent. This dataset provides - Brazil Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.